German journal of ophthalmology最新文献_第9页

Restricted applicability of the polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis. 聚合酶链反应在眼弓形虫病诊断中的局限性。

German journal of ophthalmology Pub Date : 1996-03-01

J Garweg, M Boehnke, F Koerner

引用次数: 0

Apoptotic cell death in proliferative vitreoretinopathy. 增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的凋亡细胞死亡。

German journal of ophthalmology Pub Date : 1996-03-01

P Esser, K U Bartz-Schmidt, P Walter, F Kaszli, K Heimann, M Weller

{"title":"Apoptotic cell death in proliferative vitreoretinopathy.","authors":"P Esser, K U Bartz-Schmidt, P Walter, F Kaszli, K Heimann, M Weller","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Apoptosis is a selective event of physiological cell deletion that plays a crucial role in the development of numerous tissues, including the retina. In this paper we report the occurrence of apoptosis in epiretinal membranes derived from patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Detection of apoptosis was performed by an in situ DNA-end labeling technique using terminal transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) incorporation. Apoptotic nuclei exhibiting chromatin condensation and fragmentation were also identified by acridine orange fluorescence. Apoptosis was detected in varying numbers of cells. The typical appearance of apoptotic nuclei, including nuclear chromatin condensation, was detected scattered inhomogeneously throughout the epiretinal membranes, in clusters, or even in single cells. Induction of apoptosis in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells by daunomycin could be demonstrated by in situ DNA end labeling and by quantitative determination of cytoplasmatic histone-associated DNA fragments using a photometric enzyme immunoassay. Since apoptosis has been shown to be an important factor in the growth control of various untransformed and neoplastic cell populations, the pharmacological induction of apoptosis in epiretinal membranes could result in a new approach toward inhibiting cellular proliferation in PVR.","PeriodicalId":77146,"journal":{"name":"German journal of ophthalmology","volume":"5 2","pages":"73-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19714081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Therapy of Behçet's disease. behaperet病的治疗。

German journal of ophthalmology Pub Date : 1996-03-01

I Kötter, H Dürk, J Saal, G Fierlbeck, U Pleyer, M Ziehut

{"title":"Therapy of Behçet's disease.","authors":"I Kötter, H Dürk, J Saal, G Fierlbeck, U Pleyer, M Ziehut","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystem vasculitis of unknown origin. In this retrospective study we analyzed the therapy of 32 patients seen between 1978 and 1993 at the Departments of Rheumatology, Ophthalmology, and Dermatology of the Tübingen University Clinic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different therapeutic strategies concerning different organ manifestations of the disease, especially eye disease. A total of 20 patients had cutaneous manifestations or arthritis. Whereas treatment with colchicine (Col), azathioprine (AZA), cyclosporine (CSA), or steroids (Ster) produced only partial remissions, a combination of CSA, AZA, and steroids led to complete remissions. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) therapy led to remission rates of 60% (complete) and 20% (partial). In all, 22 patients had uveitis (posterior or panuveitis). Steroids were effective in only 50% of the patients and Col was partially effective in 66%. AZA induced a remission in 71% of cases and CSA was partial effective in 60%. The threshold combination of AZA, CSA, and Ster induced a complete remission in 66% of the patients. IFN-gamma was ineffective in 80%. IFN-alpha was used in one patient only and induced a complete remission. These results demonstrate that although our patient group is too small to allow significant conclusions to be drawn, in terms of the literature, for mucocutaneous disease and arthritis, IFNs might be the best therapy, whereas for uveitis as well as other more severe features of the disease, CSA or AZA + Ster should be used. If the latter are ineffective, the threefold combination (AZA, CSA, Ster) is probably the most effective alternative. The significance of IFN-alpha will be evaluated in further studies.","PeriodicalId":77146,"journal":{"name":"German journal of ophthalmology","volume":"5 2","pages":"92-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19713340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Two new stereotests for long distance: examination of stereopsis with regard to the permission of driving. 两种新的长距离立体测试:关于驾驶许可的立体视觉检查。

German journal of ophthalmology Pub Date : 1996-01-01

R Fleck, G H Kolling

引用次数: 0

The relative importance of risk factors used to define high-risk keratoplasty. 用于定义高危角膜移植的危险因素的相对重要性。

German journal of ophthalmology Pub Date : 1996-01-01

J C Hill

{"title":"The relative importance of risk factors used to define high-risk keratoplasty.","authors":"J C Hill","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The risk factors commonly used to classify high-risk keratoplasty were studied to determine their relative importance. Survival analysis of a single-surgeon series of 702 grafts was performed using both univariate and multivariate analysis, with graft failure from rejection being the end point. The number of previously rejected grafts, the number of vascularized recipient corneal quadrants, the number of recipient stromal vessels, and the original diagnosis were highly significant factors for survival (P = 0.0001). Diseases usually associated with avascular corneas, such as keratoconus, fared best, whereas diseases causing vascularization had a poor diagnosis. Old interstitial keratitis had a good prognosis, indicating that ghost vessels are not a risk factor. Although a previously rejected graft was a significant risk factor, this was only true in vascularized recipients. There was no significant difference in survival between repeat grafts into avascular corneas and first-time grafts into avascular corneas, indicating that it is the vascularization associated with rejection that confers the increased risk. Multivariate analysis indicated that the number of vascularized quadrants (P = < 0.0001), the number of vessels (P = < 0.0001), and a previously rejected graft (P = 0.0002) were risk factors for graft survival but that patient age was not a significant risk factor (P = 0.9). Three distinct survival groupings were evident, namely, avascular corneas, corneas with 1-2 quadrants or 1-15 vessels, and corneas with 3+ quadrants of vascularization or 16+ vessels. This would seem a reasonable basis for classifying recipient corneas into low-, intermediate- and high-risk cases.","PeriodicalId":77146,"journal":{"name":"German journal of ophthalmology","volume":"5 1","pages":"36-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19623766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Objective measurement of contrast sensitivity and visual acuity with the steady-state visual evoked potential. 用稳态视觉诱发电位客观测量对比灵敏度和视敏度。

German journal of ophthalmology Pub Date : 1996-01-01

H Strasburger, A Remky, I J Murray, C Hadjizenonos, I Rentschler

{"title":"Objective measurement of contrast sensitivity and visual acuity with the steady-state visual evoked potential.","authors":"H Strasburger, A Remky, I J Murray, C Hadjizenonos, I Rentschler","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Since the appearance of Campbell and Maffei's and Harter and White's reports it has been well established that the visual evoked potential (VEP) can be used to predict psychophysical contrast sensitivity and visual acuity and is thus suited as an objective technique to assess these fundamental aspects of vision. Nevertheless, the technique has not become a standard diagnostic tool, being too time-consuming to apply and suffering from variable reliability under pathological visual conditions. In addition, there are problems of reliability in normal subjects. By using an unconventional stimulus--temporally sinusoidal 16-Hz on-off modulation of sinewave gratings--we demonstrated that these problems can be alleviated in normal subjects. This stimulus avoids the low signals in the visible range that frequently occur with conventional pattern-reversal stimuli, it leads to high correspondence between normal observers, and it is much faster to apply than are transient VEPs. Initial applications of this stimulus to amblyopes yielded promising results. The steady-state VEP could consequently turn into a viable diagnostic procedure in disturbances of visual contrast perception.","PeriodicalId":77146,"journal":{"name":"German journal of ophthalmology","volume":"5 1","pages":"42-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19623767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Keratoplasty in newborns with Peters' anomaly. 新生儿彼得斯畸形的角膜移植。

German journal of ophthalmology Pub Date : 1996-01-01

C Althaus, R Sundmacher

{"title":"Keratoplasty in newborns with Peters' anomaly.","authors":"C Althaus, R Sundmacher","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Severe Peters' anomaly with dense corneal opacities leads to blindness of the affected eye unless perforating keratoplasty is attempted. The optimal timing of this procedure has yet to be established. We performed keratoplasty early after birth in an attempt to optimally treat amblyopia. In eight eyes of five newborns with severe Peters' anomaly a first keratoplasty was performed at an average age of 54 days. A first control was done under general anesthesia 3 weeks thereafter, with subsequent controls being carried out according to the clinical course. Immunosuppressive therapy mostly consisted of topical steroid eye drops only. In two rekeratoplasty cases, systemic cyclosporin A was given in addition. Apart from the eight primary keratoplasties, three repeat keratoplasties, two lentectomies, and numerous glaucoma operations had to be performed. The average follow-up period was 46 months. As compared with the excellent results reported for penetrating keratoplasty in adults, the results obtained in this special group of newborns remain very poor. The observation of four eyes with a clear or partially clear graft and useful ambulatory vision might suggest a success rate of 50%. However, especially secondary glaucoma seems to be the limiting prognostic factor in the long run. At present, two of the four eyes continue to show uncontrolled intraocular pressure despite multiple surgical interventions, and their prognosis is poor. The performance of perforating keratoplasty in patients with Peters' anomaly early after birth is associated with a multitude of problems, especially glaucoma, and currently grafts can rarely be kept clear for an extended period. We would therefore conclude that it might be wise to postpone surgery until the patient is about 1 year old, in the hope that the overall chance for graft survival might be better at that point, even though persistent amblyopia might be quite severe and limit the functional success.","PeriodicalId":77146,"journal":{"name":"German journal of ophthalmology","volume":"5 1","pages":"31-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19623844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retinal hemodynamics during increased intraocular pressure. 眼压升高时视网膜血流动力学。

German journal of ophthalmology Pub Date : 1996-01-01

K Schulte, S Wolf, O Arend, A Harris, C Henle, M Reim

{"title":"Retinal hemodynamics during increased intraocular pressure.","authors":"K Schulte, S Wolf, O Arend, A Harris, C Henle, M Reim","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The pathogenesis of primary chronic open-angle glaucoma (POAG) remains uncertain. It has been proposed that some of these patients may present with a deficiency in retinal hemodynamic autoregulation. It is also thought that visual field loss in POAG could be related to poor retinal perfusion. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the capacity of retinal autoregulation to maintain constant retinal circulation despite an acute rise in intraocular pressure (IOP). A total of 22 healthy subjects were recruited to this study. Retinal hemodynamics were assessed by digital video fluorescein angiograms using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope at normal (13.8 +/- 1.5 mmHg) and increased IOP (33.8 +/- 3.4 mmHg). Suction cups were used for raising the IOPs. The angiograms were performed at baseline and after 1 min of increased IOP. To quantify retinal hemodynamics the arm-retina time (ART) and arteriovenous passage time (AVP) were evaluated. The ART increased significantly from 9.4 +/- 1.8 to 11.8 +/- 2.2 s (P < 0.05) during elevated IOP, and the AVP was significantly prolonged from 1.6 +/- 0.4 to 3.0 +/- 0.8 s (P < 0.01) with IOP elevation as well. The increase in ART and AVP indicates an insufficiency of retinal autoregulation after an acute rise in IOP, even in healthy subjects. It appears that IOP values of > or = 30 mmHg may be detrimental to retinal perfusion in normals as well as in patients with POAG, who may have compromised retinal perfusion to begin with.","PeriodicalId":77146,"journal":{"name":"German journal of ophthalmology","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19623839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Severe congenital lagophthalmos with tarsal aplasia. 严重先天性眼lageyes伴跗骨发育不全。

German journal of ophthalmology Pub Date : 1996-01-01

H Neubauer, M Severin, L Neubauer, B Kirchhof

{"title":"Severe congenital lagophthalmos with tarsal aplasia.","authors":"H Neubauer, M Severin, L Neubauer, B Kirchhof","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital elongation of the palpebral fissure associated with large eyelids was named euryblepharon after Desmarres in 1854. In some cases the length of the lower lid margin exceeded that of the upper lid margin by more than 3 mm. The lids are lax and the elongated lid margin of the lower lid is only partially in contact with the globe. In marked cases of euryblepharon there may be an additional minor vertical shortening of the upper lid. However, the abnormalities described by Desmarres did not produce severe kerato-conjunctival xerosis. We speculate that euryblepharon as originally described is merely a mild manifestation of congenital lagophthalmos. More severe forms show additional malformations, leading to pronounced insufficiency of lid closure. We report on four patients with severe congenital lagophthalmos. The appearance differs from that of euryblepharon by the following details: (a) a symmetrical congenital retraction of both the lower and the upper lid margins; (b) a marked vertical shortening of the lids (case 1 was referred for bilateral descemetoceles); (c) tarsal aplasia; and (d) severe kerato-conjunctival xerosis after insufficient surgical treatment, leading to different degrees of disability. The surgical approach involved bilateral shortening of the lid margins and free transplantation of retroauricular skin. Stabilization of the lax lower lid margin was achieved by lyodura strips applied with medium tension and in contact with the lid margin. At 5 years after the first operation a petty horizontal shortening of the lower lids was necessary because of circumscribed trichiasis. The dura strip remained present. The long-term result as evaluated at more than 8 years following the first operation was very satisfactory.","PeriodicalId":77146,"journal":{"name":"German journal of ophthalmology","volume":"5 1","pages":"60-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19623770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neuroborreliosis with retinal pigment epithelium detachments. 伴有视网膜色素上皮脱落的神经螺旋体病。

German journal of ophthalmology Pub Date : 1996-01-01

F Koch, A J Augustin, Böker

{"title":"Neuroborreliosis with retinal pigment epithelium detachments.","authors":"F Koch, A J Augustin, Böker","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Borreliosis or Lyme disease, a tick-borne infection with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, can cause various ocular and neurological symptoms. A 41-year-old man had been repeatedly bitten by ticks in June 1992; 6 months later, the patient complained of blurred vision in both eyes of 1-week duration, bifrontal headache that was more pronounced on the right side, and neck pain that had appeared months earlier and was becoming more severe. On ophthalmoscopy, clover-shaped retinal pigment epithelium detachments around the optic disc were observed in both eyes. The patient's visual acuity was reduced to 0.5 in his left eye. Liquor cells and total protein were significantly increased; however, a hemagglutination inhibition test revealed only moderately increased immunoglobulin values. After 2 weeks of daily application of 4 g ceftriaxone disodium, ophthalmological and neurological symptoms disappeared. Even though the immunoglobulin values remained unchanged, neuroborreliosis with involvement of the retinal pigment epithelium was the most probable diagnosis, considering the history of tick bites and headache. The authors assume that the tissue around the optic nerve head, which does not have an effective blood-brain barrier, allowed the spirochetes to spread from the central nervous system into the subpigment-epithelium space, thus causing the observed parapapillary pigment epithelium detachments.","PeriodicalId":77146,"journal":{"name":"German journal of ophthalmology","volume":"5 1","pages":"12-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19623840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0