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Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery最新文献

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Retrovirus infections of the nervous system. 神经系统的逆转录病毒感染。
Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery Pub Date : 1993-04-01
C R Bangham
{"title":"Retrovirus infections of the nervous system.","authors":"C R Bangham","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mammalian retroviruses of all three subfamilies infect the nervous system. The leukemia viruses (oncovirinae) and lentiviruses (lentivirinae, eg, human immunodeficiency virus) cause serious disease, while the foamy viruses (spumavirinae) have not yet been shown to cause any disease. This review illustrates these diseases by referring particularly to three viruses: the human and murine leukemia viruses (human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus type I and murine leukemia virus), and the human immunodeficiency viruses, HIV-1 and 2. Other lentiviruses cause important encephalitides in other animals, notably cats (feline immunodeficiency virus), sheep (maedi/visna virus), and goats (caprine arthritis/encephalitis virus).</p>","PeriodicalId":77089,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery","volume":"6 2","pages":"176-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19372725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Immunopathogenic mechanisms in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. 实验性变应性脑脊髓炎的免疫致病机制。
Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery Pub Date : 1993-04-01
B Kálmán, F D Lublin
{"title":"Immunopathogenic mechanisms in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.","authors":"B Kálmán,&nbsp;F D Lublin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, a cell-mediated autoimmune disease, continues to provide interesting data on the mechanisms subserving organ-specific autoimmunity. The elements of the trimolecular complex have been further defined and the conserved molecular basis of the interaction between the T-cell receptor and the major histocompatibility complex class II-peptide antigen complex is better understood. This model also provides new insights into the cellular interactions within the brain during the course of the autoimmune inflammatory response.</p>","PeriodicalId":77089,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery","volume":"6 2","pages":"182-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18686820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hormonal factors in susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. 多发性硬化症易感性的激素因素。
Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery Pub Date : 1993-04-01
P Duquette, M Girard
{"title":"Hormonal factors in susceptibility to multiple sclerosis.","authors":"P Duquette,&nbsp;M Girard","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence implies that hormonal factors are involved in susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Diseases associated with a class II allele occur more frequently in women than in men. Multiple sclerosis is more frequent in women, particularly in the early- and late-onset groups. Pregnancy has a favorable effect on the course of multiple sclerosis on both a short- and a long-term basis. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, an animal model with similarities to multiple sclerosis, is also influenced by hormonal factors in both occurrence and severity. The multiple levels of interaction between immune, endocrine, neurologic, and genetic systems probably explain the action of sex steroids in multiple sclerosis susceptibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":77089,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery","volume":"6 2","pages":"195-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19463529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Magnetic resonance in multiple sclerosis. 磁共振在多发性硬化中的应用。
Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery Pub Date : 1993-04-01
D W Paty
{"title":"Magnetic resonance in multiple sclerosis.","authors":"D W Paty","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnetic resonance and various chemical measurements, such as spectroscopy, are being systematically applied to both multiple sclerosis and the experimental model (experimental allergic encephalitis). The dynamic aspects of multiple sclerosis pathology can be visualized on serial magnetic resonance imaging scans, and enhancement techniques help distinguish another type of activity by showing a leaky blood-brain barrier in acute lesions. Quantitative measures applied to the image also appear to provide an index of the burden of disease both in individual patients and in groups. A combination of the dynamic information available from serial studies and the quantitative information concerning burden of disease promises to provide both sensitivity and objectivity to standard outcome measures in multiple sclerosis. In addition, natural history studies of the evolution of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy will revolutionize our understanding of the evolution of the actual tissue changes in multiple sclerosis pathology that can be characterized during life.</p>","PeriodicalId":77089,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery","volume":"6 2","pages":"202-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19464865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clinical trials in multiple sclerosis. 多发性硬化的临床试验。
Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery Pub Date : 1993-04-01
J H Noseworthy
{"title":"Clinical trials in multiple sclerosis.","authors":"J H Noseworthy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this past year, there has only been modest progress in the search for an effective treatment for multiple sclerosis and its complications, although a number of carefully designed trials are in progress. No treatment predictably slows the course of active disease. The marginal benefits previously claimed for azathioprine have been strengthened by a meta-analysis of previously published work. Methylprednisolone may have a minor role in the treatment of very severe, acute optic neuritis but prednisone use may predispose patients to recurrent optic neuritis. 4-Aminopyridine and 3,4-diaminopyridine may prove useful for the symptomatic treatment of some multiple sclerosis patients; pemoline may be an alternative to amantadine for the control of fatigue; and acetazolamide may be an alternative to carbamazepine and phenytoin for the treatment of painful tonic spasms.</p>","PeriodicalId":77089,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery","volume":"6 2","pages":"209-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19464866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pain and disorders of consciousness. 疼痛和意识障碍。
Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery Pub Date : 1993-04-01
K L Casey
{"title":"Pain and disorders of consciousness.","authors":"K L Casey","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77089,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery","volume":"6 2","pages":"217-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19372726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Basic aspects of epilepsy. 癫痫的基本特征。
Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery Pub Date : 1993-04-01
W Löscher
{"title":"Basic aspects of epilepsy.","authors":"W Löscher","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review on epilepsy research progress summarizes developments in both animal and human studies of the basic neurophysiologic and neurochemical mechanisms of the epilepsies. Furthermore, anatomic and genetic aspects of epileptic seizures and new models of epilepsy will be discussed. Finally, new data on pharmacologic strategies for treatment of epilepsy are presented, including a critical survey of recent antiepileptic drug developments. One of the most disappointing recent findings in this aspect is that competitive antagonists at the N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype of glutamate receptors seem to be unsuited for antiepileptic therapy because epileptogenesis reduces the therapeutic index of such drugs in experimental as well as epileptic patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":77089,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery","volume":"6 2","pages":"223-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19089899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Infections and demyelinating disease. 感染和脱髓鞘疾病。
Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery Pub Date : 1993-04-01
{"title":"Infections and demyelinating disease.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77089,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery","volume":"6 2","pages":"271-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19372728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Familial recurrence risks and inheritance of multiple sclerosis. 多发性硬化症的家族性复发风险与遗传。
Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery Pub Date : 1993-04-01
A D Sadovnick
{"title":"Familial recurrence risks and inheritance of multiple sclerosis.","authors":"A D Sadovnick","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cause of multiple sclerosis is unknown. There is considerable circumstantial evidence that multiple sclerosis is a complex trait, probably autoimmune in nature, and is determined by both genetic and environmental factors. It is recognized that relatives of multiple sclerosis patients are at greater risk for developing the disease than the general population, although this risk is still relatively low in absolute terms. Monozygotic co-twins of multiple sclerosis patients appear to have the highest risk of any group of relatives, although the absolute risk is well under 100%, as would be predicted if multiple sclerosis is purely a genetic disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":77089,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery","volume":"6 2","pages":"189-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19463528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pain syndromes and their treatment. 疼痛综合征及其治疗。
Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery Pub Date : 1993-04-01
D Bowsher
{"title":"Pain syndromes and their treatment.","authors":"D Bowsher","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurogenic pain (encompassing all types of neuropathic and central pain) is discussed. Experimental work is presented in a model in which the rat sciatic nerve is loosely ligatured. In painful human neuropathies, tricyclic antidepressants have been found to be effective in proportion to the degree they facilitate monoaminergic activity. Several papers also stress the importance of early treatment with amitriptyline or desipramine, and the ineffectiveness of analgesics, including narcotics. In nociceptive pain, recent findings in humans emphasize the importance of both the retroinsular (SII) and the anterior cingulate cortices in the conscious appreciation of pain. Opioid studies have revealed individual differences in the metabolism of morphine to its 3- and 6-glucuronosides; patients with nociceptive pain who respond poorly to morphine or diamorphine probably have a high 3:6 ratio. It has been pointed out that methadone may be useful in such cases, as it is not broken down to glucuronosides.</p>","PeriodicalId":77089,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery","volume":"6 2","pages":"257-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19089901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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