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Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery最新文献

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Neurologic consequences of hypoglycemia and pathogenic mechanisms involved in diabetic neuropathy. 低血糖的神经后果和糖尿病神经病变的发病机制。
Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery Pub Date : 1993-06-01
S Heller, J D Ward
{"title":"Neurologic consequences of hypoglycemia and pathogenic mechanisms involved in diabetic neuropathy.","authors":"S Heller,&nbsp;J D Ward","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the limitations of human experimental models of hypoglycemia have hampered investigation, it is generally accepted that a reversible deterioration in cognitive function occurs at a plasma glucose concentration of around 3.5 mmol/L, above the glycemic threshold for symptoms. It is unclear whether this threshold varies in those with hypoglycemia unawareness. Repeated severe hypoglycemia may cause chronic impairment although the clinical significance and the contribution of other factors remains unclear. There is increasing evidence that microvascular abnormalities are the major factor in the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathy. This may be why there is still little experimental support from human clinical studies for the use of aldose reductase inhibitors in its treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":77089,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery","volume":"6 3","pages":"423-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19490574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Metabolic disorders and neurotoxicology. 代谢紊乱和神经毒理学。
Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery Pub Date : 1993-06-01
{"title":"Metabolic disorders and neurotoxicology.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77089,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery","volume":"6 3","pages":"488-508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19490581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Excitatory amino acid receptors, excitotoxicity, and the human nervous system. 兴奋性氨基酸受体、兴奋性毒性和人类神经系统。
Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery Pub Date : 1993-06-01
P J Shaw
{"title":"Excitatory amino acid receptors, excitotoxicity, and the human nervous system.","authors":"P J Shaw","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glutamate receptors continued to be the subject of intense investigation during 1992. It is clear that there is great structural and functional diversity within this receptor family, although the precise subunit structure of excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors in specific neuronal groups within the human central nervous system remains to be determined. Molecular studies have shown the existence of five genes encoding N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits that have specific anatomic profiles and differing functional properties. The chromosomal localization of several genes encoding EAA receptor subunits has been established and some of these represent candidate genes for clinical neurologic disorders. Further insights were gained into the functions of metabotropic receptors, and three distinct genes encoding glutamate transporters were cloned. The interaction between neurotrophic factors and EAA neurotransmitters is increasingly recognized. Excitotoxicity is considered to represent a final common pathway of neuronal injury in an ever-increasing range of neurologic disorders. The development of therapeutic agents has focused on methods for reducing excitotoxicity without interfering with EAA receptor activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":77089,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery","volume":"6 3","pages":"414-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19374580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dystonia. 肌张力障碍。
Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery Pub Date : 1993-06-01
A D Korczyn, R Inzelberg
{"title":"Dystonia.","authors":"A D Korczyn,&nbsp;R Inzelberg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dystonia has moved from the status of a rare disease or an uncommon clinical manifestation to the center stage of research in movement disorders. Recent developments have expanded our knowledge of the genetics and understanding of its pathophysiology, and have resulted in significant improvements in the clinical management of this group of disorders. These, as well as the varied and multifaceted phenomenology are reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":77089,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery","volume":"6 3","pages":"350-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19488589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The use of toxins to elucidate neural function and disease. 利用毒素来阐明神经功能和疾病。
Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery Pub Date : 1993-06-01
A H Schapira
{"title":"The use of toxins to elucidate neural function and disease.","authors":"A H Schapira","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In some cases, toxins can be useful tools to produce models of human disease. This is especially so with neurotoxins, which have been used to simulate disease in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. However, it is important to be cautious in extrapolating the biochemical consequences of the toxins to the respective human disorder. In this respect, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine has proved to be of particular value and has provided many important clues in the search for the cause of Parkinson's disease; this review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of its mechanism of action.</p>","PeriodicalId":77089,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery","volume":"6 3","pages":"448-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19490578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New developments with herpesviruses and the nervous system. 疱疹病毒与神经系统的新进展。
Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery Pub Date : 1993-04-01
F J Picard, S D Poland, G P Rice
{"title":"New developments with herpesviruses and the nervous system.","authors":"F J Picard,&nbsp;S D Poland,&nbsp;G P Rice","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most of the human herpesviruses have a unique relationship with the central nervous system. In this review we summarize recent developments in the establishment of viral latency, and discuss the nervous system illnesses instigated by direct viral cytopathic effect, by immune activation, and by neoplastic events. Special consideration is given to herpesvirus infections in the context of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and in association with neonatal infections. New diagnostic techniques and treatments are also summarized.</p>","PeriodicalId":77089,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery","volume":"6 2","pages":"169-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19372762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pain and disorders of consciousness. 疼痛和意识障碍。
Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery Pub Date : 1993-04-01
{"title":"Pain and disorders of consciousness.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77089,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery","volume":"6 2","pages":"291-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19464869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The therapeutics of migraine. 偏头痛的治疗。
Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery Pub Date : 1993-04-01
K M Welch
{"title":"The therapeutics of migraine.","authors":"K M Welch","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper reviews the therapeutics of migraine in the context of the clinical problem and its prevalence. General principles of pharmacotherapy for symptomatic and preventive medications are provided. Two new drugs, sumatriptan (recommended for acute symptomatic therapy), and valproic acid (recommended for migraine prevention), are reviewed. The clinical effectiveness and the mechanisms of action of these drugs are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":77089,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery","volume":"6 2","pages":"264-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19372727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The spinal pharmacology of facilitation of afferent processing evoked by high-threshold afferent input of the postinjury pain state. 损伤后疼痛状态高阈值传入输入诱发传入加工促进的脊柱药理学研究。
Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery Pub Date : 1993-04-01
T L Yaksh
{"title":"The spinal pharmacology of facilitation of afferent processing evoked by high-threshold afferent input of the postinjury pain state.","authors":"T L Yaksh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Repetitive C afferent input evokes a facilitated state of processing that results in increased receptive fields and exaggerated responses to afferent input (\"wind-up\"). These phenomena underlie the behavioral phenomena of secondary hyperalgesia and this in turn is an important component of postoperative pain. The initiation of this facilitated component is not well blocked by even higher concentrations of volatile anesthetics, but it can be prevented by pretreatment with agents known to block afferent input (local anesthetics) or C-fiber transmitter release (opiates) or to act at one of several links to block a complex spinal cascade involving the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase. These fundamental mechanisms promise to have an impact on the management of postoperative pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":77089,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery","volume":"6 2","pages":"250-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19089900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clinical aspects of epilepsy including diagnosis, management, pharmacotherapy, and surgery. 癫痫的临床方面，包括诊断、管理、药物治疗和手术。
Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery Pub Date : 1993-04-01
B F Bourgeois
{"title":"Clinical aspects of epilepsy including diagnosis, management, pharmacotherapy, and surgery.","authors":"B F Bourgeois","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review emphasizes clinical manifestations, recognition of specific epileptic syndromes, use of antiepileptic drugs, and surgical evaluation and outcome. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is increasingly recognized but still underdiagnosed. Good evidence exists for a relationship between Landau-Kleffner syndrome (acquired epileptic aphasia) and electrical status epilepticus during sleep, which reflects the course of the aphasia. In focal onset seizures, the type of aura may be as valuable for determining the lobe of seizure onset as electroencephalographic and neuroimaging techniques. In temporal lobe seizures, postictal language assessment was used to determine the side of origin, and hippocampal and temporal volumetry using magnetic resonance imaging proved reliable indicators of the side of involvement. Valproate sodium and carbamazepine were equally effective for secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures, but carbamazepine was superior to valproate for complex partial seizures. One study suggests that in children, increased daytime sleep tendency persists 4 to 5 months after discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs and that neither drugs nor seizure activity are necessarily involved. Many recent publications were devoted to surgical treatment. The main issues reviewed concern patient selection and correlation between preoperative parameters and outcome after surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":77089,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in neurology and neurosurgery","volume":"6 2","pages":"233-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19464867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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