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Frequency distribution of body mass in groups of highly standardized laboratory rats are characterized by negative kurtosis. 高度标准化实验大鼠各组体质量频率分布呈负峰度。
Zeitschrift fur Versuchstierkunde Pub Date : 1990-01-01
K Gärtner, K Rapp, C Corsing
{"title":"Frequency distribution of body mass in groups of highly standardized laboratory rats are characterized by negative kurtosis.","authors":"K Gärtner,&nbsp;K Rapp,&nbsp;C Corsing","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>8,600 laboratory rats (outbred and inbred, SPF) of 3 independent breeding and experimental units, divided into groups of in 80-100 animals of equal sex and age, were housed in groups of 5 animals of the same sex and age per cage under highly standardized (SPF) conditions. The body masses were determined monthly between 8 and 56 weeks of age. The frequency distributions of body mass per group (coefficient of variation 7-12%) very frequently showed small negative kurtosis (-0.12 to -0.76) but no general tendency to skewness. Kurtosis is small and seems to have been acquired before birth and had no genetic reasons because it was also present in groups of inbred strains and in animals not selected artificially after birth. It may be caused by shortages of both tails of the frequency distribution of the body mass.</p>","PeriodicalId":76864,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Versuchstierkunde","volume":"33 4","pages":"187-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13301438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cushing's syndrome- and disease-like lesions in rats. 库欣综合征和疾病样病变。
Zeitschrift fur Versuchstierkunde Pub Date : 1990-01-01
J Kaspareit-Rittinghausen, S Hense, F Deerberg
{"title":"Cushing's syndrome- and disease-like lesions in rats.","authors":"J Kaspareit-Rittinghausen,&nbsp;S Hense,&nbsp;F Deerberg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cushing's disease and Cushing's syndrome-like lesions were observed in four male rats. 2 revealed ACTH-positive pituitary tumours associated with bilateral adrenal cortical hyperplasia (case 1, 2). The other 2 rats had metastasizing adrenal cortical carcinomas with marked adrenal cortical atrophy of the opposite adrenal glands (case 3, 4). Pathological lesions observed varied between the animals and included \"potbelly\", severe obesity, fatty degeneration of the liver, atrophy of the pancreas and greater sublingual glands with fatty infiltration, testicular atrophy, ulcers of the forestomach and purulent inflammation in different organs.</p>","PeriodicalId":76864,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Versuchstierkunde","volume":"33 5","pages":"229-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13418544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[24 hour rhythm of feed and water consumption by BD IX rats in relation to pregnancy and lactation]. [BD IX大鼠妊娠和哺乳期24小时摄食和饮水节律]。
Zeitschrift fur Versuchstierkunde Pub Date : 1990-01-01
G Neubauer, I Mletzko
{"title":"[24 hour rhythm of feed and water consumption by BD IX rats in relation to pregnancy and lactation].","authors":"G Neubauer,&nbsp;I Mletzko","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 24-hour rhythms of food and water consumption of non-fertilized female rats, of pregnant and lactating animals of a conventionally maintained BD IX stock has been determined. The mean food consumption has been found to be, in the same order, 20.6 g/d, 25.3 g/d, and 48.6 g/d, respectively. In the dark the corresponding values were, respectively, 79, 76 and 67.5%. Maximum food consumption of these 3 animal groups were registered between 10.00 p.m. and 02.00 a.m., from 06.00 p.m. to 10.00 p.m., and from 06.00 p.m. to 10.00 p.m., respectively. At first the pattern is unimodal, but it becomes bimodal during pregnancy and lactation. In corresponding time periods the mean water consumption was, respectively, 28.7, 33.8 and 64.7 ml/d. The maxima corresponded to those of food consumption. Food and water consumption was estrous-dependent and decreased significantly in the perinatal phase. During laction the food and water consumption showed a 2-day rhythm, beginning from day 9 onwards.</p>","PeriodicalId":76864,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Versuchstierkunde","volume":"33 3","pages":"115-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13550838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of group and sex combination on productive performance of farmed polecats (Mustela putorius). 群体和性别组合对养殖阴鼠生产性能的影响。
Zeitschrift fur Versuchstierkunde Pub Date : 1990-01-01
H Korhonen, H Tukiainen, M Harri
{"title":"Effects of group and sex combination on productive performance of farmed polecats (Mustela putorius).","authors":"H Korhonen,&nbsp;H Tukiainen,&nbsp;M Harri","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effects of cage size, sex and social status on body growth and fur quality of juvenile, growing polecats (Mustela putorius) were studied under farm conditions. No significant differences in growth rate or fur quality parameters between various female groups were found. In males, animals housed by threes within a cage produced lowest final body mass and shortest pelt lengths. The best productive result was found in group where 2 males and 2 females were kept together in large-sized cages. In both sexes, social status did not produce any significant differences in body growth or fur quality parameters. The results support the conclusion that also other than the conventional one-male and one-female combination can be used to produce animals of big body size and long pelts.</p>","PeriodicalId":76864,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Versuchstierkunde","volume":"33 2","pages":"79-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13503324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Detection of circulating immune complexes in MRL mice with different forms of glomerulonephritis. 不同形式肾小球肾炎MRL小鼠循环免疫复合物的检测。
Zeitschrift fur Versuchstierkunde Pub Date : 1990-01-01
M Hewicker, E Kromschröder, G Trautwein
{"title":"Detection of circulating immune complexes in MRL mice with different forms of glomerulonephritis.","authors":"M Hewicker,&nbsp;E Kromschröder,&nbsp;G Trautwein","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Serum levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in MRL mice were determined using the 125I-C1q binding test and a conglutinin enzyme assay. The serum 125I-C1q and conglutinin binding capacity were correlated to the development of different forms of glomerulonephritis (GN) detected by light microscopy. The study was carried out with a total of 132 MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr and MRL/MpJ(-)+/+ mice of different age groups. From the age of 3 months on an enormous elevation of C1q- and conglutinin-binding CIC occurred in MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mice, while in MRL/MpJ(-)+/+ mice the mean values of CIC remained low in all age groups studied. The results corresponded to histopathological glomerular findings. In lpr/lpr-mice, from the age of 3 months on, extremely severe proliferative forms of GN occurred. In most cases of +/+(-)mice examined comparatively mild glomerular lesions were found. In serum samples of Han:NMRI and C3H/He mice an increase of conglutinin-binding material was found in certain age groups, while the levels of 125I-C1q binding activity remained low in mice of all age groups studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":76864,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Versuchstierkunde","volume":"33 4","pages":"149-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13390198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[The Wilcoxon, Mann and Whitney test: conditions under which and hypotheses for which it is applicable]. [Wilcoxon, Mann和Whitney检验:适用的条件和假设]。
Zeitschrift fur Versuchstierkunde Pub Date : 1990-01-01
M Horn
{"title":"[The Wilcoxon, Mann and Whitney test: conditions under which and hypotheses for which it is applicable].","authors":"M Horn","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The test of Wilcoxon, Mann and Whitney is applicable only under the assumption that the two distribution functions FX and FY do not intersect. In case of doubt this assumption should be examined by drawing the estimates of FX and FY. If the assumption is true, the test simultaneously examines whether X and Y have equal means, equal medians, and whether 'X greater than Y' and 'Y greater than X' have the same probability 1/2. Independent of the assumption one concludes 'FX not equal to FY' in case of significance and 'P(X greater than Y) = 1/2 in case of no significance and large sample sizes. If the assumption may be violated, no statement is possible concerning means or medians. The probability P(X greater than Y) can be compared even against some p0 (being possibly different from 1/2), and a confidence interval for P(X greater than Y) can be calculated, when using the large sample modification of the test by Hilgers (1981).</p>","PeriodicalId":76864,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Versuchstierkunde","volume":"33 3","pages":"109-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13550837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Maternal age, fertility and failure of teratogenicity by trypan blue in Jcl:SD rats. Jcl:SD大鼠母体年龄、生育能力与台盼蓝致畸失败的关系。
Zeitschrift fur Versuchstierkunde Pub Date : 1990-01-01
H Iida, A Kast
{"title":"Maternal age, fertility and failure of teratogenicity by trypan blue in Jcl:SD rats.","authors":"H Iida,&nbsp;A Kast","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study compared the fertility of nulliparous Jcl:SD rats, young mature (12-week-old) versus middle aged (47-week-old) or old animals (64-week-old), both groups near the termination of their reproductive capability. Trypan blue (TB) was given subcutaneously at 0 (control), 10 or 50 mg/kg on days 7 through 9 of gestation to increase the malformation rate. However, no clear teratogenic action of TB was observed. The dose of 10 mg/kg TB was well tolerated, while 50 mg/kg was of severe maternal toxicity and 14 of 53 females died. In comparison with the young control group, the average per litter from middle aged or old dams was significantly decreased for implantation sites, live fetuses and fetal weight, while the percentages of pre-implantation loss and dead implants were extremely high. No increase of the malformation rate occurred with maternal aging. Histologically, middle aged and old rats exhibited age-related lesions of the pituitary, adrenals and reproductive organs with pituitary adenomas, cystic endometrium and sclerotic atrophy of uterine glands being significantly increased in non-pregnant, old rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":76864,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Versuchstierkunde","volume":"33 2","pages":"100-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13503320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spontaneous Hymenolepis nana infection in a breeding colony of nude mice. 裸鼠繁殖群自发性膜膜绦虫感染。
Zeitschrift fur Versuchstierkunde Pub Date : 1990-01-01
P Hauff, W Arnold
{"title":"Spontaneous Hymenolepis nana infection in a breeding colony of nude mice.","authors":"P Hauff,&nbsp;W Arnold","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The spontaneous occurrence of a parasitic infection with the dwarf tapeworm Hymenolepis nana is nude mice was observed under conventional conditions. Clinical, pathological and histological observations are described.</p>","PeriodicalId":76864,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Versuchstierkunde","volume":"33 3","pages":"133-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13550840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[The origins of the gnotobiotic technic--Küster/Nuttall/Schottelius/ Thierfelder]. [灵生技术的起源——k<e:1>斯特/纳托尔/肖特利厄斯/希尔菲尔德]。
Zeitschrift fur Versuchstierkunde Pub Date : 1990-01-01
H Heinecke
{"title":"[The origins of the gnotobiotic technic--Küster/Nuttall/Schottelius/ Thierfelder].","authors":"H Heinecke","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The first experiment to create germfree animals was done by NUTTALL and THIERFELDER in 1985. Later on, KUSTER (1912) published an apparatus which became the prototype for all following isolators. Another system was developed by SCHOTTELIUS in 1899, which became the prototype of the so-called \"clean-room principle\".</p>","PeriodicalId":76864,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Versuchstierkunde","volume":"33 1","pages":"19-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13336244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[The sodium excretion behavior of anesthetized and conscious spontaneously-hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive (WKY) rats]. [麻醉和清醒自发性高血压(SHR)和正常高血压(WKY)大鼠的钠排泄行为]。
Zeitschrift fur Versuchstierkunde Pub Date : 1990-01-01
V Gross, U Gnüchtel, G Orlow, E R Martinova
{"title":"[The sodium excretion behavior of anesthetized and conscious spontaneously-hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive (WKY) rats].","authors":"V Gross,&nbsp;U Gnüchtel,&nbsp;G Orlow,&nbsp;E R Martinova","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urethane-anesthetized and conscious, immobilized SHR subjected to osmotic diuresis, responded to intravenous saline loading with a larger natriuresis than WKY-rats due to an increased urine sodium concentration without differences in urine flow. Blood pressure and heart rate reactions after saline loading were qualitatively different in anesthetized and conscious rats. The magnitude of these changes was larger in WKY than in SHR in both experimental groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":76864,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Versuchstierkunde","volume":"33 4","pages":"171-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13390199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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