Age and ageing最新文献

{"title":"Editor’s view—Functional abilities and disabilities","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ageing/afag300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afag300","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7682,"journal":{"name":"Age and ageing","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149242037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of frailty screening–based preventive care with long-term care certification rates among Japanese people aged 75 years and older: an interrupted time-series analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ageing/afag307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afag307","url":null,"abstract":"<span class=\"paragraphSection\"><div class=\"boxTitle\">Background</div>In rapidly ageing societies, promoting healthy ageing is essential. Japan launched a nationwide policy using questionnaire-based frailty screening to help older adults recognise their risk and engage in preventive care. This study evaluated whether this policy was associated with changes in long-term care (LTC) need.<div class=\"boxTitle\">Methods</div>The intervention was a health guidance programme initiated through frailty screening and delivered at the municipal level from April 2022. We conducted this single-city study in Sukagawa City, Japan. We extracted monthly data on LTC certifications and population from January 2015 to December 2025. We analysed these data using an interrupted time-series design with segmented regression. The outcome was the monthly age-standardised LTC certification rate among adults aged ≥75 years. We assumed a slope change occurring 12 months after the intervention and fitted Poisson regression models with a log link and an offset for population.<div class=\"boxTitle\">Results</div>Following the intervention, the trend in the LTC certification rate among adults aged ≥75 years declined relative to the pre-intervention trend (annualised RR for the change in trend, 0.974; 95% CI, 0.963–0.983). At the end of follow-up, the model-estimated age-standardised LTC certification rate was 6.8% lower than the counterfactual rate projected from continuation of the pre-intervention trend (95% CI, 4.4%–10.0%).<div class=\"boxTitle\">Conclusion</div>The frailty screening–based preventive care initiative for older adults was associated with a reduction in LTC certification rates. These findings suggest the potential value of linking frailty screening with broad preventive guidance as a municipal approach to addressing population-level LTC need.</span>","PeriodicalId":7682,"journal":{"name":"Age and ageing","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149242040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicomponent exercise with virtual reality for preventing functional decline in hospitalized older adults: a randomized, three-arm, parallel clinical trial","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ageing/afag305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afag305","url":null,"abstract":"<span class=\"paragraphSection\"><div class=\"boxTitle\">Background</div>Acute hospitalization often triggers functional decline in older adults. While multicomponent exercise programs (MEP) are effective, the role of immersive Virtual Reality (VR) remains underexplored in acute geriatric wards. This study evaluated the efficacy of a VR-enhanced MEP program compared with conventional MEP and usual care (UC).<div class=\"boxTitle\">Methods</div>Randomized, three-arm, parallel clinical trial in an acute geriatric ward. Patients aged ≥75 years were randomized to receive 1) MEP, 2) MEP-VR, or 3) UC. The primary outcome was the change in functional capacity, as measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Secondary outcomes included the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, cognitive status (MMSE), Barthel Index, Quality of Life (EuroQol-5D-5L), and muscle strength.<div class=\"boxTitle\">Results</div>A total of 156 participants were enrolled (mean age, 86.4 [SD 5.2] years). Regarding the primary outcome, MEP was significantly more effective than MEP-VR. The between-group difference in SPPB was 1.04 points (95% CI: 0.33, 1.75) for MEP vs. UC and 0.13 points (95% CI: −0.64, 0.89) for MEP-VR vs. UC. Direct comparison showed MEP-VR performed lower than MEP (−0.91 points; 95% CI: −1.67, −0.16). Regarding cognitive function, between-group analysis showed superior improvements in both intervention arms versus control, with MEP-VR demonstrating a significant advantage (+1.90 points; 95% CI: 0.76, 3.04) and MEP showing an improvement of +1.23 points (95% CI: 0.18, 2.28) versus UC; direct comparison between MEP-VR and MEP yielded a non-significant difference of +0.67 points (95% CI: −0.46, 1.80). Adherence was high, with no serious adverse events related to VR.<div class=\"boxTitle\">Conclusions</div>Conventional MEP remains the most effective intervention for improving physical function. Further studies are required to confirm the comparative effectiveness of VR integration for cognitive benefits in holistic geriatric care.</span>","PeriodicalId":7682,"journal":{"name":"Age and ageing","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149242039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of exercise on motor skill of walking among community-dwelling older adults: secondary outcomes of a randomized clinical trial","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ageing/afag312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afag312","url":null,"abstract":"<span class=\"paragraphSection\"><div class=\"boxTitle\">Background</div>Both standard impairment-based and motor learning exercise have improved walking speed. Less known is the impact of the interventions on the motor skill of walking. In older adults with walking problems, intervention effects of standard exercise with added components of motor learning exercise (standard plus) were compared to standard exercise alone on the motor skill of walking.<div class=\"boxTitle\">Methods</div>Community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years of age) were randomized to 12-week interventions, standard plus (<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">n</span> = 124) or standard exercise alone (<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">n</span> = 125). Motor skill of walking outcomes of oxygen cost of walking, gait variability, smoothness of walking and the walk ratio were recorded at 12 weeks, and in follow up at 24 and 36 weeks.<div class=\"boxTitle\">Results</div>The older adults (<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">n</span> = 249) had a mean ± SD age of 77.4 ± 6.6 years, mean ± SD walking speed, 1.07 ± 0.17 m/s. No differences between groups observed in the motor skill of walking outcomes at any time point, except change in stance time variability at 24 weeks, in standard plus, mean ± SD −0.003 ± 0.012 compared to standard, mean ± SD 0.006 ± 0.071, adjusted difference ± SE, −0.0098 ± 0.0040, <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">P</span> = .0154, likely a spurious finding. Oxygen cost of walking improved after both interventions, standard plus, change in the oxygen cost, mean ± SD, −0.052 ± 0.060 ml/kg m at 12 weeks, −0.047 ± 0.057 ml/kg m at 24 weeks and −0.041 ± 0.061 ml/kg m at 36 weeks and in standard, mean ± SD, −0.046 ± 0.062 ml/kg m at 12 weeks, −0.039 ± 0.066 ml/kg m at 24 weeks and −0.041 ± 0.073 ml/kg m at 36 weeks, all <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">P</span> &lt; .0001, and stance time variability improved in standard plus at 12 weeks, mean ± SD, −0.002 ± 0.013, maintained at 24 and 36 weeks; the change at 12 weeks nonsignificant with multiplicity correction.<div class=\"boxTitle\">Conclusions</div>There were no differences in the motor skill of walking outcomes between the intervention groups. Oxygen cost of walking improved after both the standard and the standard plus timing and coordination exercise and the improvement sustained without continued exercise for 24 weeks after intervention.<div class=\"boxTitle\">ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier</div>NCT02663778.</span>","PeriodicalId":7682,"journal":{"name":"Age and ageing","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149242038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fall-risk-increasing drug use in older community-dwelling adults: prevalence, association with fall-related admissions and post-discharge prescribing changes—a retrospective cohort study","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ageing/afag303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afag303","url":null,"abstract":"<span class=\"paragraphSection\"><div class=\"boxTitle\">Background</div>Fall-risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs) may contribute to a higher falls-risk in older people, but research examining standardised screening tools is limited.<div class=\"boxTitle\">Objectives</div>To examine FRID prevalence in community-dwelling older adults, any association with subsequent fall-related hospital admissions, and FRID prescriptions before and after admission.<div class=\"boxTitle\">Design</div>Retrospective cohort study.<div class=\"boxTitle\">Subjects/setting</div>Adults aged ≥65 years across 44 general practices in Ireland.<div class=\"boxTitle\">Methods</div>Fourteen FRIDs, defined by Screening Tool of Older Persons Prescriptions in older adults with high Fall risk (STOPPFall) criteria, were examined as time-varying exposures from 2012 to 2016. The association between FRID exposure and fall-related admissions was estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for relevant confounders. Participants’ FRID use pre- and post-fall-related admission was analysed descriptively.<div class=\"boxTitle\">Findings</div>Of the 35 942 participants, 16 780 (47%) were prescribed at least one long-term FRID at baseline, and 867 (2.4%) experienced a subsequent fall-related admission. Long-term FRID use was associated with a higher risk of fall-related admission [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.85, 95% CI 2.13–3.82, <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">P</span> &lt; .001], demonstrating a stronger association with an increasing FRID burden—one FRID: aHR 2.81 (95% CI 2.07–3.82, <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">P</span> &lt; .001); ≥5 FRIDs: 5.67 (95% CI 3.70–8.70, <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">P</span> &lt; .001). Long-term FRID prevalence measured pre- and post-fall-related admission was unchanged (53.9%–53.2%). A total of 148 (19.5%) participants had a FRID discontinued, 86 (11.3%) were prescribed an additional FRID and 110 (14.5%) had a FRID initiated for the first time.<div class=\"boxTitle\">Conclusion</div>FRID use, defined via STOPPFall, was prevalent in older adults and associated with a substantially increased risk of injurious falls. FRID use remained unchanged following discharge. Guidelines recommend including medication review in fall-risk assessments, but further work is needed to embed this across health systems.</span>","PeriodicalId":7682,"journal":{"name":"Age and ageing","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149242043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-surgery statin use and outcomes in operated chronic subdural haematomas: a nationwide cohort study","authors":"Jussi P Posti, Aleksi Tornio, Jori O Ruuskanen, Rahul Raj, Teemu Luoto, Pihla Tommiska, Ville Kytö","doi":"10.1093/ageing/afag296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afag296","url":null,"abstract":"Background Chronic subdural haematoma (cSDH) is common in older adults, and medication exposures may influence postoperative outcomes. We assessed whether pre-surgery statin use is associated with short- and long-term outcomes. Methods We conducted a nationwide registry study of adults undergoing surgical evacuation of traumatic or non-traumatic cSDH (6/2004–12/2018) in Finnish university hospitals. Pre-surgery statin use was defined from national prescription records using a pill-counting approach. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were 30-day reoperation and length of hospital stay. Tertiary outcomes were 1-year mortality and reoperation. Mortality was analysed using Cox regression; reoperation with Fine–Gray models accounting for competing risk of death. Results The cohort included 9001 patients, of whom 2450 (27.2%) used statins. Thirty-day mortality was 3.3% in statin users and 4.5% in non-users, with lower adjusted mortality among statin users (HR 0.57; 95% CI 0.44–0.73). Reoperation within 30 days (n = 897) was similar between groups (sub-distribution HR 1.08; 95% CI 0.97–1.21). Hospital stay was shorter in statin users (22.1 ± 62.7 vs 26.3 ± 77.5 days; adjusted P = .002). At 1 year, mortality remained lower in statin users (13.3% vs 15.4%; HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.58–0.75), with no difference in reoperation (sub-distribution HR 1.09; 95% CI 0.96–1.22). Conclusion In this nationwide cohort of surgically treated cSDH patients, pre-surgery statin use was associated with lower short- and long-term mortality and shorter hospital stay, while reoperation rates were similar between statin users and non-users.","PeriodicalId":7682,"journal":{"name":"Age and ageing","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149229906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-based dietary patterns and frailty in older adults: a multicohort longitudinal study with within-between decomposition and network analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ageing/afag304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afag304","url":null,"abstract":"<span class=\"paragraphSection\"><div class=\"boxTitle\">Objective</div>Plant-based dietary patterns may influence healthy ageing, but their longitudinal and multidimensional associations with frailty remain unclear. We examined these associations across three primary ageing cohorts and explored links between dietary components and frailty domains.<div class=\"boxTitle\">Methods</div>The primary sample included 8628 older adults from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Overall, healthful and unhealthful plant-based diet indices (PDIs, hPDIs and uPDIs) were derived from cohort-specific food-group data. A supplementary analysis of 10 821 SHARE participants used a two-component plant–animal contrast. Frailty was assessed using a multidomain deficit-accumulation index. Generalised linear mixed models examined diet–frailty associations, and Mundlak decomposition separated between-person differences from within-person changes where repeated diet data were available. Spline and network analyses examined non-linearity and component-level associations.<div class=\"boxTitle\">Results</div>Higher PDI was associated with lower frailty risk across all three primary cohorts (ORs = 0.71–0.80), whereas higher uPDI was associated with higher risk (ORs = 1.24–1.41). hPDI was inversely associated only in ELSA and was null in CLHLS and HRS. In CLHLS, between-person dietary differences showed stronger associations than within-person changes. Spline analysis provided limited evidence of non-linearity. Network analyses highlighted nuts, vegetables and plant oils as showing predominantly inverse associations with several frailty domains. SHARE analysis showed an inverse between-person association, no within-person association, with the plant-based component also showing predominantly inverse links with frailty domains.<div class=\"boxTitle\">Conclusion</div>Higher overall plant-based diet scores were associated with lower frailty risk, whereas unhealthful plant-based diets were associated with higher risk, underscoring the importance of diet quality.</span>","PeriodicalId":7682,"journal":{"name":"Age and ageing","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149226484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scottish priorities for dementia and brain health research—results of a national research priority setting exercise","authors":"Fenna Maria Alexandra Lunter, Winnie Henry, David Ross, Jacqui Kerr, Emma Law, Stephen Makin, Alison Mckean, Tom C Russ, Lucy Stirland, Susan Deborah Shenkin, Jennifer Kirsty Burton, Terence J Quinn","doi":"10.1093/ageing/afag261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afag261","url":null,"abstract":"Background Dementia is a global challenge, but benefits from local, context-specific evidence. With finite resource, and numerous potential research directions, formal priority setting can help develop equitable and relevant research agendas. We used this approach to establish dementia and brain health research priority questions for Scotland. Methods A steering board of professionals and experts through lived experience guided the process, following established research prioritisation frameworks. Research questions were collected through surveys and refined to create an interim list. This was further rationalised through Delphi-style ranking involving cross-disciplinary, cross-sectoral interest-holders. After reaching consensus, each research question was assessed for potential impact. Results Between April and July 2025, 706 participants submitted 2677 questions. These were consolidated into an interim list of 142 questions. Two ranking rounds (n = 242, n = 252) reduced the list to 20 questions (10 brain health, 10 dementia). Interest-holders included people living with cognitive impairment (n = 48, 6·8%), current or previous caregivers (n = 217, 30·7%), public contributors (n = 261, 37·0%), and professionals (n = 134, 19·0%). Risk reduction was a leading brain health priority, while early diagnosis was a top dementia priority. Research around brain resilience and improving dementia care pathways was selected as having greatest potential impact. Conclusion We established Scotland-specific research priorities for brain health and dementia, which we advocate to researchers, funders and decision-makers. Our national research prioritisation exercise received engagement from diverse interest-holders, ensuring a range of voices will inform future research.","PeriodicalId":7682,"journal":{"name":"Age and ageing","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frailty severity, survival and physician service costs among older adults: a linked cohort study from Nova Scotia, Canada","authors":"Mohammad H Pulok, Alexandra M van der Valk, Luke Mondor, Olga Theou, Kenneth Rockwood","doi":"10.1093/ageing/afag286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afag286","url":null,"abstract":"Background Frailty is associated with greater healthcare use. Still, cost estimates can be biased when shorter survival among severely frail patients is not considered. This study estimated physician service costs across frailty levels, assessing how differential survival influenced expenditures. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 944 older adults received comprehensive geriatric assessment following emergency department (ED) referral to internal medicine. Frailty was measured using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) and categorised as well, mildly frail, moderately frail and severely frail. Publicly funded physician service costs (2015 Canadian dollars[$]) during the subsequent year were obtained from provincial claims. A three-part regression model adjusted for age, sex and illness acuity separated differences attributable to service intensity from those attributable to survival. Results Participants were ED patients (Mage 80.8 years; 521 women [55%]) referred to Internal Medicine; 41.6% died within 1 year. Physician costs were concentrated in the months immediately following ED presentation. Costs for mildly and moderately frail patients were ~ $300–$400 higher than for well patients, although differences were estimated imprecisely. Severely frail patients incurred $704 less than well patients over 1 year, primarily reflecting shorter survival. During periods patients were alive, all frailty groups incurred higher costs than the well group. Conclusions Physician service costs varied non-linearly with frailty severity. Lower cumulative expenditure among severely frail patients does not necessarily imply lower healthcare need. Clinical pathways and health-system planning should consider differential survival and use frailty assessment to identify individuals who may benefit from proactive multidisciplinary, supportive or palliative care.","PeriodicalId":7682,"journal":{"name":"Age and ageing","volume":"410 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149229907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Prescribing cascades potentially associated with harms before and after transition to long-term care facilities.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ageing/afag308","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ageing/afag308","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7682,"journal":{"name":"Age and ageing","volume":"55 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13669785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}