World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales最新文献_第8页

The effects of volcanoes on health: preparedness in Mexico. 火山对健康的影响:墨西哥的防范工作。

World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1996-01-01

J L Zeballos, R Meli, A Vilchis, L Barrios

{"title":"The effects of volcanoes on health: preparedness in Mexico.","authors":"J L Zeballos, R Meli, A Vilchis, L Barrios","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The article reviews the most important aspects of volcanic eruptions and presents a summary of the harmful materials they emit. The main health effects can be classified as either physical (trauma, respiratory diseases, etc.) or psychological (depression, anxiety, nightmares, neurosis, etc.). Popocatépetl, the most famous active volcano in Mexico, lies on the borders of the States of Mexico, Puebla and Morelos. In 1993, seismic activity intensified, as did as the emission of fumaroles, followed in December 1994 by moderate tremors and strong emissions of gases and ash. In 1996, a number of seismic events led to an unexpected explosion. A daily emission of 8,000 to 15,000 tonnes of sulfur dioxide has been measured. Popocatépetl is located in a densely populated region of Mexico. A complex network to monitor the volcano using sophisticated equipment has been set up, including visual surveillance, seismic, geochemical and geodesic monitoring. An early warning system (SINAPROC/CENAPRED) has been developed to keep the population permanently informed. The warning system uses colour codes: green for normal, yellow for alert, and red for warning and evacuation. An emergency plan has been prepared, including evacuation and preparation for medical centres and hospitals in the region, as well as intense public information campaigns.","PeriodicalId":76824,"journal":{"name":"World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales","volume":"49 3-4","pages":"204-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20116839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Internal exposure of the staff involved in the cleanup after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986. 1986年切尔诺贝利核电站事故后参与清理工作人员的内部暴露。

World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1996-01-01

V A Kutkov, I A Gusev, S I Dementiev

{"title":"Internal exposure of the staff involved in the cleanup after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986.","authors":"V A Kutkov, I A Gusev, S I Dementiev","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of our work from 1987 to 1994 on the reconstruction of internal exposure of the witnesses to the Chernobyl accident with respect to inhalation of airborne particles of nuclear fuel. Our results eliminate the hypothesis that inhalation intake of radioactive aerosols was a considerable pathway of exposure for staff at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. It would conceivably lead to a nonuniform dose distribution in the body. Under that condition, actual equivalent doses in some organs, e.g., in lungs and in the wall of the lower large intestine are much higher than the actual effective dose. Therefore it is impossible to correctly assess the health risk for certain cohorts of the Chernobyl accident witnesses if the inhalation pathway is neglected. In that case not only the actual effective dose, but the actual equivalent doses too play a role in radiological measurement, when evaluating the hazard for less-exposed accident witnesses. That conclusion is of great importance to radiation protection policy, the planning of epidemiological studies and the carrying out of medical remedial actions for the different cohorts of accident witnesses. The findings should be taken into consideration in planning protective measures and in assessing health effects following the Chernobyl accident.","PeriodicalId":76824,"journal":{"name":"World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales","volume":"49 1","pages":"62-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19862460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Health consequences of the Chernobyl Accident. Summary report. Fact sheet. 切尔诺贝利事故对健康的影响。总结报告。简报。

World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1996-01-01

引用次数: 0

Main scientific results of the WHO International Programme on the Health Effects of the Chernobyl Accident (IPHECA). 世卫组织切尔诺贝利事故对健康影响国际规划的主要科学成果。

World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1996-01-01

G N Souchkevitch

引用次数: 0

Contraceptive method mix menu: providing healthy choices for women. 避孕方法组合菜单:为女性提供健康选择。

World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1996-01-01

K F Greenwell

引用次数: 0

Combating female genital mutilation: an agenda for the next decade. 打击切割女性生殖器官:下一个十年的议程。

World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1996-01-01

E Dorkenoo

引用次数: 0

Mortality study of atomic-bomb survivors: implications for assessment of radiation accidents. 原子弹幸存者的死亡率研究:对辐射事故评估的影响。

World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1996-01-01

Y Shimizu, K Mabuchi, D L Preston, I Shigematsu

{"title":"Mortality study of atomic-bomb survivors: implications for assessment of radiation accidents.","authors":"Y Shimizu, K Mabuchi, D L Preston, I Shigematsu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"To determine the possible late effects of atomic-bomb radiation, the Life Span Study (LSS) cohort of about 120,000 individuals, including 93,000 atomic bomb survivors and 27,000 non-exposed controls, was established by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF). Mortality in this cohort has been under study since 1950. Deaths are routinely identified through the family registry system and ascertainment is virtually complete. Cancer incidence data for the LSS cohort are also available from the Hiroshima and Nagasaki population-based tumour registry established in 1958. The central finding of the LSS is an increase in cancer risk. Besides the well-known increase in leukaemia, increases in solid cancer such as cancers of the lung, breast, stomach and thyroid have also been demonstrated. Radiation-induced leukaemia occurred 2 to 3 years after exposure, reached its peak within 6 to 8 years after the bombing, and has since declined steadily. However, this has not been true of solid cancer. Radiation-induced solid cancer begins to appear at later ages than such cancer is normally prone to develop, and continues to increase proportionally with the increase in mortality or incidence in the control group as it ages. Survivors who were exposed in the first or second decade of life have just entered the cancer-prone age and have so far exhibited a high relative risk in association with radiation dose. Whether the elevated risk will continue or will fail with time is not yet clear. It is important to continue long-term follow-up of this cohort to document the changes with time since exposure. Beyond cancer risk, increased risk of non-cancer mortality is also suggested, although it is not conclusive.","PeriodicalId":76824,"journal":{"name":"World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales","volume":"49 1","pages":"35-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19860202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An epidemiological perspective on environmental health indicators. 从流行病学角度看环境卫生指标。

World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1995-01-01

H Pastides

{"title":"An epidemiological perspective on environmental health indicators.","authors":"H Pastides","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"There is a great amount of ongoing discussion about the need to develop new ways to assess and monitor a population's disease susceptibility to environmental factors. The ultimate goal in developing these tools, called environmental health indicators, is to increase the public health community's capacity for implementing interventions to prevent disease. Much of the discussion focuses on the requirement that the indicators be relatively easy and quick to apply. However, in the rush to find useful existing indicators, or to develop new ones, there is the danger that certain other important attributes of the indicator may be overlooked. These include: (a) whether the indicator truly represents an underlying causal relationship between an environmental exposure and a health consequence; and (b) whether the proposed indicator is a reasonably valid estimate of the underlying causal factor. This article provides a framework for relating environmental health indicators to the methods of epidemiology including some guidance for selecting and evaluating the appropriateness of proposed environmental health indicators. Examples are given which demonstrate how environmental health indicators can lead to a biased interpretation of underlying associations between environmental factors and the potential for disease when they are improperly conceived. These problems can be avoided by employing routine epidemiological concepts and methods as indicators are developed and evaluated.","PeriodicalId":76824,"journal":{"name":"World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales","volume":"48 2","pages":"140-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19565281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Lao People's Democratic Republic: maternal mortality and female mortality: determining causes of deaths. 老挝人民民主共和国:产妇死亡率和妇女死亡率:确定死亡原因。

World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1995-01-01

V A Fauveau

引用次数: 0

China: lowering maternal mortality in Miyun County, Beijing. 中国:北京市密云县降低孕产妇死亡率。

World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1995-01-01

Z Xu

{"title":"China: lowering maternal mortality in Miyun County, Beijing.","authors":"Z Xu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In Miyun County in China the medical authorities registered an elevated maternal mortality ratio which needed to be verified in order to design corrective changes. A decision was taken in 1988 to start a project of pilot interventions in the organization of maternal health services and access for obstetric emergencies. A control and pilot area were chosen in order to test the validity of the interventions. The reduction in maternal mortality from the main complications (postpartum haemorrhage and eclampsia) was impressive and no more maternal deaths were registered in the pilot area with reference to these causes. The overall maternal mortality ratio per 100,000 live births dropped by more than 75% in the pilot area throughout the three-year implementation period. It was therefore shown that the synergistic effect of additional training of medical workers and traditional birth attendants, improved health education, the provision of easier access to emergency care services, the establishment of obstetric rescue teams at the county level, generally improved MCH services, and strengthened management capacity for high risk pregnancies were the most appropriate interventions to lower maternal mortality.","PeriodicalId":76824,"journal":{"name":"World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales","volume":"48 1","pages":"11-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18576928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0