Internal exposure of the staff involved in the cleanup after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986.

V A Kutkov, I A Gusev, S I Dementiev
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Abstract

This article presents the results of our work from 1987 to 1994 on the reconstruction of internal exposure of the witnesses to the Chernobyl accident with respect to inhalation of airborne particles of nuclear fuel. Our results eliminate the hypothesis that inhalation intake of radioactive aerosols was a considerable pathway of exposure for staff at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. It would conceivably lead to a nonuniform dose distribution in the body. Under that condition, actual equivalent doses in some organs, e.g., in lungs and in the wall of the lower large intestine are much higher than the actual effective dose. Therefore it is impossible to correctly assess the health risk for certain cohorts of the Chernobyl accident witnesses if the inhalation pathway is neglected. In that case not only the actual effective dose, but the actual equivalent doses too play a role in radiological measurement, when evaluating the hazard for less-exposed accident witnesses. That conclusion is of great importance to radiation protection policy, the planning of epidemiological studies and the carrying out of medical remedial actions for the different cohorts of accident witnesses. The findings should be taken into consideration in planning protective measures and in assessing health effects following the Chernobyl accident.

1986年切尔诺贝利核电站事故后参与清理工作人员的内部暴露。
本文介绍了我们在1987年至1994年期间关于切尔诺贝利事故目击者吸入空气中核燃料颗粒的内部暴露重建工作的结果。我们的研究结果消除了一种假设,即吸入放射性气溶胶是切尔诺贝利核电站工作人员暴露的重要途径。可以想象,这会导致体内剂量分布不均匀。在这种情况下,某些器官的实际等效剂量,如肺和大肠下端壁的实际等效剂量远高于实际有效剂量。因此,如果忽视吸入途径,就不可能正确评估切尔诺贝利事故目击者的某些群体的健康风险。在这种情况下,不仅实际有效剂量,而且实际等效剂量也在辐射测量中发挥作用,在评估受照射较少的事故证人的危害时。这一结论对于制订辐射防护政策、规划流行病学研究以及为不同的事故目击者群体采取医疗补救行动具有重要意义。在规划保护措施和评估切尔诺贝利事故后对健康的影响时,应考虑到这些调查结果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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