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World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales最新文献

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Health for all in the 21st century. 21世纪人人享有卫生保健。
World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1998-01-01
F S Antezana, C M Chollat-Traquet, D Yach
{"title":"Health for all in the 21st century.","authors":"F S Antezana, C M Chollat-Traquet, D Yach","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76824,"journal":{"name":"World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales","volume":"51 1","pages":"3-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20593650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Essential public health functions: results of the international Delphi study. 基本公共卫生功能:国际德尔菲研究结果。
World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1998-01-01
D W Bettcher, S Sapirie, E H Goon
{"title":"Essential public health functions: results of the international Delphi study.","authors":"D W Bettcher,&nbsp;S Sapirie,&nbsp;E H Goon","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The essential public health functions (EPHFs) approach is an integral component in the elaboration of the Health for all (HFA) policy in the 21st century and a necessary element for building sustainable health systems. An international Delphi study on EPHFs was conducted in 1997. This international study included a respondent group of 145 public health experts from all regions of the world. The core monitor group included the members of the WHO EPHFs working group, and 8 senior public health figures from both developing and developed countries. The primary objectives of this study were: to define the concept of EPHFs; to establish consensus on what functions constitute EPHFs, and to determine which public health functions are likely to be most essential in the future and to confirm which public health functions require the elaboration of performance standards. Three rounds of the study were completed in December 1997, and this paper provides an overall summary of the findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":76824,"journal":{"name":"World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales","volume":"51 1","pages":"44-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20593655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modernizing food control systems: the experience of Thailand. 食品管理系统现代化:泰国的经验。
World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1997-01-01
P Pothisiri
{"title":"Modernizing food control systems: the experience of Thailand.","authors":"P Pothisiri","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food control is essential for the benefit of local consumers as well as international trade, which impacts on the overall social and economic concerns of the nation. Nevertheless, success in food control implementation will not be achieved by a single agency. Concerned agencies as well as food industries have to be fully aware of and be responsible for the production of good quality and safe foods. Efficient cooperation and coordination among the agencies concerned, therefore, is indispensable in the development of food safety. The Thai FDA has recently attempted to modernize its food control system by various approaches, including the establishment of a national food safety scheme and the introduction of modern technology as well as restructuring and changing the working system. It is anticipated that control along new directions may enhance better consumer protection in this country.</p>","PeriodicalId":76824,"journal":{"name":"World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales","volume":"50 1-2","pages":"150-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20223295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Disease eradication as a public health strategy: is measles next? 作为公共卫生战略的疾病根除:麻疹是下一个吗?
World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1997-01-01
J M Olivé, R B Aylward, B Melgaard
{"title":"Disease eradication as a public health strategy: is measles next?","authors":"J M Olivé,&nbsp;R B Aylward,&nbsp;B Melgaard","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following the failure of disease eradication efforts in the first half of this century, the success of smallpox eradication and the ongoing initiatives against poliomyelitis and dracunculiasis are re-establishing eradication as a viable disease control strategy. The perpetual benefits of eradication, together with the positive impact that such initiatives can have on health services in general, are changing the world's perception of these endeavours. Among the most obvious examples of this changing trend is the recent enthusiasm in both industrialized and developing countries for re-exploring the eradicability of measles. Increasingly, it appears that measles, the single leading cause of vaccine-preventable childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide, may be the next major organism targeted for global eradication.</p>","PeriodicalId":76824,"journal":{"name":"World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales","volume":"50 3-4","pages":"185-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20403088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The lot quality technique: a global review of applications in the assessment of health services and disease surveillance. 批量质量技术:在卫生服务评估和疾病监测中的应用的全球审查。
World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1997-01-01
S E Robertson, M Anker, A J Roisin, N Macklai, K Engstrom, F M LaForce
{"title":"The lot quality technique: a global review of applications in the assessment of health services and disease surveillance.","authors":"S E Robertson,&nbsp;M Anker,&nbsp;A J Roisin,&nbsp;N Macklai,&nbsp;K Engstrom,&nbsp;F M LaForce","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the mid-1980s, there has been growing interest in adapting the lot quality (LQ) technique to monitor the quality of health care services, especially in developing countries. This global review has identified a total of 34 LQ surveys conducted from 1984 to 1996 in Africa, the Americas, Europe, South-East Asia, and the Western Pacific. Health care parameters assessed in the surveys varied and some surveys assessed more than 1 health parameter: 24 surveys assessed immunization coverage, 9 examined women's health issues such as family planning and antenatal care, 5 assessed use of oral rehydration therapy, 5 estimated disease incidence, and 3 others evaluated health worker performance. These studies indicate that LQ is a practical, relatively low-cost field method which is increasingly being applied in health programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":76824,"journal":{"name":"World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales","volume":"50 3-4","pages":"199-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20403091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Foodborne salmonellosis. 食源性沙门氏菌病。
World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1997-01-01
T M Gomez, Y Motarjemi, S Miyagawa, F K Käferstein, K Stöhr
{"title":"Foodborne salmonellosis.","authors":"T M Gomez,&nbsp;Y Motarjemi,&nbsp;S Miyagawa,&nbsp;F K Käferstein,&nbsp;K Stöhr","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foodborne diseases caused by non-typhoid Salmonella are a very important public health problem and an economic burden in many parts of the world. Salmonellosis data from the WHO Global Databank on Foodborne Disease, from the literature and from the WHO Surveillance Programme in Europe were reviewed for the years 1985-1995, showing an apparent increase in the incidence of salmonellosis in many parts of the world. In industrialized countries, this increase may be due to the emergence and increase of S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium DT104. In order to reduce the incidence of human foodborne salmonellosis, measures should be taken simultaneously during the production, processing, distribution, retail marketing and handling/preparation of food to prevent the introduction of Salmonella and its multiplication. These control measures need to be supported by effective foodborne disease surveillance programmes which make it possible to recognize and investigate outbreaks and emerging pathogens, and to assess the need for and evaluate interventions by monitoring longer term trends.</p>","PeriodicalId":76824,"journal":{"name":"World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales","volume":"50 1-2","pages":"81-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20221980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Monitoring and assessment of dietary exposure to chemical contaminants. 监测和评估饮食接触化学污染物的情况。
World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1997-01-01
R V Baht, G G Moy
{"title":"Monitoring and assessment of dietary exposure to chemical contaminants.","authors":"R V Baht,&nbsp;G G Moy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The results of the Global Environment Monitoring System/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment Programme (GEMS/Food) and other monitoring programmes for priority contaminants in the diet, including lead, cadmium, mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues and aflatoxin, are presented. These results are assessed with respect to established acceptable or tolerable intakes for these contaminants. While the assessments generally confirm the effectiveness of government efforts to prevent or reduce food contamination in industrialized countries, better exposure estimates for infants and children and other vulnerable groups should be calculated. In developing countries, little reliable information is available on the occurrence of food contamination. Without such information, the health of hundreds of millions of people may be threatened. For these countries, and especially those that employ older agricultural and industrial technologies, basic food contamination monitoring and assessment programmes should be established for at least those contaminants of priority concern. These programmes form an essential basis for developing effective intervention strategies and for efficient management of health and environment resources. In all countries, accidental and sporadic contamination is an ever present danger and continual vigilance is necessary to protect public health. All countries should identify institutions with the analytical capability to support epidemiological investigations of outbreaks of disease that may be associated with consumption of chemically contaminated food. All countries should participate in GEMS/Food to promote health-oriented, population-based monitoring at the national level.</p>","PeriodicalId":76824,"journal":{"name":"World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales","volume":"50 1-2","pages":"132-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20223294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Surveillance of foodborne diseases: what are the options? 食源性疾病的监测:有哪些选择?
World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1997-01-01
M W Borgdorff, Y Motarjemi
{"title":"Surveillance of foodborne diseases: what are the options?","authors":"M W Borgdorff,&nbsp;Y Motarjemi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epidemiological data are needed for a variety of reasons, namely, informing public health authorities about the nature and magnitude of foodborne illnesses and their epidemiology, for the early detection of foodborne disease outbreaks, and for the planning, implementation and evaluation of food safety programmes. Thus, epidemiological surveillance of foodborne diseases is fundamental to any food safety programme. Various methods of foodborne surveillance may be utilized: (i) records for registration of deaths and hospital discharges; (ii) disease notification, (iii) sentinel surveillance, (iv) laboratory surveillance, (v) outbreak investigation and (vi) epidemiological research. This article reviews each method, its advantages and disadvantages, and its relevance for meeting the various objectives and needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":76824,"journal":{"name":"World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales","volume":"50 1-2","pages":"12-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20221973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli. 肠出血性大肠杆菌。
World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1997-01-01
Y Takeda
{"title":"Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli.","authors":"Y Takeda","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli produces Verotoxins (Shiga-like toxins) and causes diarrhoea, haemorrhagic colitis and haemorrhagic uraemic syndrome. The mode of action of the Shiga toxin family has been well characterized in numerous studies which have demonstrated that the toxin has RNA N-glycosidase activity, which inhibits the binding of EF-1-dependent aminoacyl-tRNA to the 60S ribosomal subunit of eukaryotic cells, thus resulting in an inhibition of protein synthesis of the cells. In 1996, an unexpectedly large number of outbreaks of food poisoning due to E. coli O157:H7 occurred in Japan. In addition, many sporadic cases of E. coli O157:H7 were also reported and a total of about 8400 patients were recorded during that year. In most of these cases, the food vectors could not be identified. The possibility of developing a candidate vaccine is also discussed in this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":76824,"journal":{"name":"World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales","volume":"50 1-2","pages":"74-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20221979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Foodborne diseases in travellers. 旅行者中的食源性疾病。
World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1997-01-01
R Y Cartwright, M Chahed
{"title":"Foodborne diseases in travellers.","authors":"R Y Cartwright,&nbsp;M Chahed","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is encouraging that the problem of food- and waterborne disease in travellers is being increasingly recognized, but it is disappointing that to a large extent there is little effective action being taken. It is essential that the problem be recognized across government departments and joint programmes developed, particularly between ministries of health and tourism. Foodborne disease will always be a risk to travellers but this risk can be reduced by relatively simple programmes. The initial stage is to recognize the problem not just as an inconvenience to travellers but as an important economic factor which, unless controlled, can have severe effects on local, national and international trade.</p>","PeriodicalId":76824,"journal":{"name":"World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales","volume":"50 1-2","pages":"102-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20223290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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