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Observations of Trichomonas vaginalis infections at the University Teaching Hospital in Calabar, Nigeria. 尼日利亚卡拉巴尔大学教学医院阴道毛滴虫感染的观察。
Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie Pub Date : 1984-06-01
N Umeche, A C Ezeoke
{"title":"Observations of Trichomonas vaginalis infections at the University Teaching Hospital in Calabar, Nigeria.","authors":"N Umeche,&nbsp;A C Ezeoke","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pattern of Trichomonas vaginalis infections at the Outpatient Clinic of the University Teaching Hospital in Calabar, Nigeria was determined for the two-year period (January 1981 - December 1982). Of the 5520 patients examined in 1981, T. vaginalis was found in 10 males (0.11%) and 57 females (1.03%). Of the 2511 patients examined in 1982, the parasite was found in 27 males (1.07%) and 31 females (1.20%). A few prepubertal cases were observed. The increasing significance of T. vaginalis as a public health problem in this area is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":76764,"journal":{"name":"Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie","volume":"35 2","pages":"131-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17667068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inhibition of the adverse reaction to diethylcarbamazine in Dirofilaria immitis-infected dogs by diazepam. 地西泮抑制拟革丝虫感染犬对乙基卡马嗪的不良反应。
Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie Pub Date : 1984-03-01
R S Desowitz, N E Palumbo, W K Tamashiro
{"title":"Inhibition of the adverse reaction to diethylcarbamazine in Dirofilaria immitis-infected dogs by diazepam.","authors":"R S Desowitz,&nbsp;N E Palumbo,&nbsp;W K Tamashiro","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eight dogs with a Dirofilaria immitis microfilaraemia predictive for a moderately severe post-diethylcarbamazine (DEC) reaction, and 6 dogs with a microfilarial density predictive for a severe, fatal or near-fatal, reaction were given 5 mg diazepam (Valium) by intramuscular injection followed, 30 minutes later, by an intramuscular injection of 5 mg/kg DEC. Diazepam completely, or almost completely, blocked the post-DEC adverse reaction in all dogs of both groups. However, 5 D. immitis-infected dogs given DEC immediately following the injection of diazepam all developed an adverse reaction of a degree of severity, as measured by clinical and haematological parameters, customary for their level of microfilaraemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":76764,"journal":{"name":"Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie","volume":"35 1","pages":"50-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17763967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Plasmodium falciparum-malaria: resistance to chloroquine, but sensitivity to mefloquine in the Gabon. A prospective in-vitro study. 加蓬的恶性疟原虫-疟疾:对氯喹的耐药性，但对甲氟喹的敏感性。一项前瞻性体外研究。
Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie Pub Date : 1984-03-01
G D Burchard, R D Horstmann, W H Wernsdorfer, M Dietrich
{"title":"Plasmodium falciparum-malaria: resistance to chloroquine, but sensitivity to mefloquine in the Gabon. A prospective in-vitro study.","authors":"G D Burchard,&nbsp;R D Horstmann,&nbsp;W H Wernsdorfer,&nbsp;M Dietrich","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A determination of the sensitivity to chloroquine and to mefloquine was carried out in malaria patients of the Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambarene, Gabon, by using the schizont maturation test. The chloroquine testing showed in 6 of 31 cases a schizont maturation at 1.14 pmol/microliter of blood and more; this means an in-vitro resistance in 19% of the cases. The evaluation of the effective concentrations (i.e. concentrations producing the appropriate inhibition of schizont maturation) with the probit analysis yielded for chloroquine an EC50 of 0.2537 X 10(-6) mol/l of blood and an EC90 of 0.8317 X 10(-6) mol/l of blood. In the testing of mefloquine, schizont maturation was found in 3 of 31 cases in concentrations of 1.6 pmol/microliter of blood, the probit analysis, however, showed effective doses in the normal range with an EC50 of 0.2192 X 10(-6) mol/l of blood and an EC90 of 0.7863 X 10(-6) mol/l of blood. These results demonstrate the alarming observation of Plasmodium falciparum strains resistant in-vitro to chloroquine in a region where in vivo resistance has not been observed hitherto.</p>","PeriodicalId":76764,"journal":{"name":"Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17429682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The microfilaricidal activity of ivermectin in vitro and in vivo. 体外、体内伊维菌素的杀微丝活性。
Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie Pub Date : 1984-03-01
E Devaney, R E Howells
{"title":"The microfilaricidal activity of ivermectin in vitro and in vivo.","authors":"E Devaney,&nbsp;R E Howells","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ivermectin has been tested against the microfilariae of Onchocerca lienalis, Brugia pahangi and Dirofilaria immitis in vitro and in vivo. All in vitro tests were performed on larvae incubated for 48 hours at 37 degrees C in Hepes buffered medium 199 containing 20% serum, benzylpenicillin and streptomycin. In vivo tests were performed on larvae in female BALB/C mice dosed with ivermectin, 5 mg/kg, orally. The microfilariae of B. pahangi in vitro were insensitive to ivermectin at concentrations to 30 ng/ml. In vivo, an 87% reduction in the level of microfilaraemia was obtained by 24 hours after drugging but no reduction was observed in the numbers of peritoneal microfilariae. O. lienalis microfilariae in vitro were killed by ivermectin at 3 ng/ml and the larvae of this species within the subcutaneous and cutaneous tissues of the mouse were also eliminated by ivermectin at 5 mg/kg. D. immitis larvae within the bloodstream of the mouse were also sensitive to ivermectin at the dosage employed but were unaffected by ivermectin in vitro at concentrations up to 30 ng/ml.</p>","PeriodicalId":76764,"journal":{"name":"Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie","volume":"35 1","pages":"47-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17604064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Serum antibodies to Giardia intestinalis detected by immunofluorescence using trophozoites as antigen. 以滋养体为抗原的免疫荧光法检测肠第鞭毛虫血清抗体。
Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie Pub Date : 1984-03-01
J Winiecka, W Kasprzak, W Kociecka, J Płotkowiak, P Myjak
{"title":"Serum antibodies to Giardia intestinalis detected by immunofluorescence using trophozoites as antigen.","authors":"J Winiecka,&nbsp;W Kasprzak,&nbsp;W Kociecka,&nbsp;J Płotkowiak,&nbsp;P Myjak","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anti-Giardia antibodies were studied in 88 sera of patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic giardiasis by using the indirect immunofluorescent test and Giardia intestinalis trophozoites from an axenic culture as antigen. The sera of 40 healthy subjects were used as a control group and of 28 patients with other intestinal parasites (14 with Sarcocystis sp. and 14 with symptomatic Entamoeba histolytica infection) have been investigated for determination of test specificity. 82% of sera from patients with giardiasis presented G. intestinalis antibodies at titers of 1:16 to 1:256. Titers of at least 1:32, accepted as diagnostic and indicative of the infection, were found in 66% of patients with giardiasis. All of 18 patients with acute course of giardiasis had titers of at least 1:32. Only 5 sera (7%) from healthy control subjects or from patients infected with other intestinal parasites reacted at dilutions of 1: greater than or equal to 32. The indirect immunofluorescence test proves to be useful in detecting antibodies to G. intestinalis in the serum. However, the negative results occurring rather frequently in persons with chronic infection indicate a need for a more critical evaluation of serological tests in giardiasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":76764,"journal":{"name":"Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie","volume":"35 1","pages":"20-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17385677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Entamoeba histolytica: II. Effect of humoral immune mechanisms on cytotoxic activity]. 溶组织内阿米巴:2;体液免疫机制对细胞毒活性的影响
Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie Pub Date : 1984-03-01
H Hudler, O Scheiner, H Stemberger, H Kollaritsch, G Wiedermann
{"title":"[Entamoeba histolytica: II. Effect of humoral immune mechanisms on cytotoxic activity].","authors":"H Hudler,&nbsp;O Scheiner,&nbsp;H Stemberger,&nbsp;H Kollaritsch,&nbsp;G Wiedermann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The time dependency of the cytotoxic action of E. histolytica against tissue culture cells of mammalian origin was assessed in a 51Cr-release assay. Obviously, the amebae-dependent cytotoxic activity within the first 30-60 min of the assay against K562 (an erythroleukemic cell line) and MH1C1 (a rat hepatoma cell line) correlated with the pathogenicity of the respective amebae in vivo as measured by the hamster liver infectivity test. The in vivo apathogenic strain of E. histolytica (HK9) exhibited a delayed cytotoxic action in comparison with the in vivo pathogenic strain (SFL3), which revealed approximately 50% of maximum 51Cr-release after 10 min of the assay. Peripheral blood lymphocytes and HeLa cells proved to be not suitable to discriminate between pathogenic and apathogenic strains in vitro. Human antibodies directed against E. histolytica were capable of inhibiting the cytotoxic action of pathogenic amebae against K562 and MH1C1 within the first 30-60 min of the assay, revealing a kinetic pattern nearly identical with that observed with apathogenic amebae against K562. Possibly, this antibody-mediated inhibition of the cytotoxic action of E. histolytica against target cells reflects one of the defence mechanisms of the host against invasive amebiasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":76764,"journal":{"name":"Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie","volume":"35 1","pages":"5-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17385678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparative characterization of Venezuelan Trypanosoma cruzi stocks by electron microscopy, isoelectrofocusing and lectin typing. 委内瑞拉克氏锥虫种群的电镜、等电聚焦和凝集素分型比较特征。
Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie Pub Date : 1984-03-01
H Mühlpfordt, F Ebert, J Schottelius, R Cedillos, J Velasco, W Mosca
{"title":"Comparative characterization of Venezuelan Trypanosoma cruzi stocks by electron microscopy, isoelectrofocusing and lectin typing.","authors":"H Mühlpfordt,&nbsp;F Ebert,&nbsp;J Schottelius,&nbsp;R Cedillos,&nbsp;J Velasco,&nbsp;W Mosca","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intraspecific variation among culture forms of 14 Venezuelan Trypanosoma cruzi stocks were examined by kDNA configuration, isoenzymes, and agglutination behaviour of lectins. The results have shown that in all of the stocks the central band of kDNA is present, showing that the stocks are parasites of the subgenus Schizotrypanum. By isoenzymes and lectin typing it has been found that the stocks belong to the isoenzyme group I and the lectin-type PNA which were already described for other Venezuelan stocks. The homogeneous results of intraspecific characterization contrast to those found in other countries in South America south of the Amazon basin and seem to be a further evidence that in countries north of the Amazon basin mainly on T. cruzi-type exists.</p>","PeriodicalId":76764,"journal":{"name":"Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie","volume":"35 1","pages":"11-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17428685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The evolution of ocular onchocerciasis in the Volta River Basin Area over a period of five years of vector control. 在五年病媒控制期间，沃尔特河流域地区眼盘尾丝虫病的演变。
Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie Pub Date : 1984-03-01
K Y Dadzie, A Rolland, B Thylefors
{"title":"The evolution of ocular onchocerciasis in the Volta River Basin Area over a period of five years of vector control.","authors":"K Y Dadzie,&nbsp;A Rolland,&nbsp;B Thylefors","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The results of an ophthalmological evaluation conducted in seven West African savannah villages before and after 5 years of vector control, were analysed to determine the effect of an interrupted or greatly reduced transmission of Onchocerca volvulus on the evolution of ocular onchocerciasis. Cross-sectional data showed a significant reduction of the prevalence of ocular onchocerciasis in five of the villages, and the rates of irreversible ocular lesions and blindness were generally lower after 5 years of vector control. A longitudinal study of a defined population showed that the ocular status of most patients with ocular onchocerciasis remained stable or improved over the 5 year period, particularly in lightly infected cases. The evolution of ocular onchocerciasis showed a deterioration in a minor proportion, restricted to cases of already existing severe lesions, resulting in blindness. A comparison of ophthalmic data from adjacent areas without vector control, indicates that a five year period of vector control may reduce the risk of developing eye lesions or blindness due to onchocerciasis by 50%.</p>","PeriodicalId":76764,"journal":{"name":"Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie","volume":"35 1","pages":"41-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17665430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Field studies on Bulinus senegalensis Muller and the transmission of Schistosoma haematobium infection in a Gambian community. 冈比亚某社区塞内加尔小球虫和血血吸虫感染传播的实地研究。
Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie Pub Date : 1984-03-01
P H Goll, H A Wilkins
{"title":"Field studies on Bulinus senegalensis Muller and the transmission of Schistosoma haematobium infection in a Gambian community.","authors":"P H Goll,&nbsp;H A Wilkins","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seasonal changes in populations of Bulinus senegalensis were studied in temporary pools on the Senegambian plateau. The first snails to appear had survived aestivation and had a mean height of 3 mm. Thereafter two patterns of change in snail numbers and size were observed probably related to differences between pools in snail mortality rates. The prevalence of patent schistosome infections appeared to be related to the inferred differences in snail mortality rates. The prevalence and intensity of human Schistosoma haematobium infection was greatest in villages near large pools where snail populations had relatively low schistosome infection rates compared with that in a small, shallow pool. Differences in patterns of water use are an important determinant of the intensity of human infection as well as differences in the infection rate of snails in the nearby pool. Differences between years in the rate of acquisition of S. haematobium by children were observed, with little transmission occurring in a year when mid-season rainfall was deficient. There were significant differences between villages in the annual variations of transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":76764,"journal":{"name":"Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie","volume":"35 1","pages":"29-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17763964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Studies on the co-occurrence of two species of human hookworm in a riverine community in Nigeria. 尼日利亚一河流社区两种人类钩虫共现的研究。
Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie Pub Date : 1984-03-01
J K Udonsi
{"title":"Studies on the co-occurrence of two species of human hookworm in a riverine community in Nigeria.","authors":"J K Udonsi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A total of 1,623 stool specimens from different individuals were examined to assess the infection prevalence and the pattern of occurrence of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale in a riverine community in Nigeria. 56.3% of 823 males and 52.63% of 800 females were positive for both species of hookworm, 25.1% of infected males, and 26.1% of infected females had A. duodenale while 46.7% of infected males and 51.2% of infected females had N. americanus. 28.2% of males and 22.7% of females had mixed infections of both species. The occurrence of each species was independent of the other. The distribution of infection was age-dependent, while sex had no effect on infection pattern. In A. duodenale infection, egg counts rose between 15 and 25 years of age, but declined with increasing host age. Egg counts in N. americanus infection were more stable with increasing age of the host. The probability of recovering N. americanus eggs in the faeces was higher than that of A. duodenale. In mixed infections, egg out put of N. americanus was higher than that of A. duodenale as indicated by the higher conditional probability of recovering N. americanus eggs in the presence of A. duodenale. The egg production of A. duodenale seems to be suppressed by N. americanus when both co-occur.</p>","PeriodicalId":76764,"journal":{"name":"Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie","volume":"35 1","pages":"37-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17763966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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