The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene最新文献_第6页

Coxiella burnetii antibody prevalences among human populations in north-east Africa determined by enzyme immunoassay. 酶法免疫测定法测定东北非洲人群中伯纳蒂克希菌抗体流行率。

The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-06-01

B A Botros, A K Soliman, A W Salib, J Olson, R G Hibbs, J C Williams, M Darwish, A el Tigani, D M Watts

{"title":"Coxiella burnetii antibody prevalences among human populations in north-east Africa determined by enzyme immunoassay.","authors":"B A Botros, A K Soliman, A W Salib, J Olson, R G Hibbs, J C Williams, M Darwish, A el Tigani, D M Watts","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Retrospective serosurveys were conducted to determine the prevalence of antibody to phase-I Coxiella burnetii among humans in various locations of north-east Africa. Sera were tested by the enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Initially the EIA was compared with the standard indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) method for the detection of antibody to C. burnetii. Results indicated that the EIA was slightly less sensitive (88%), but highly specific (94%) and less subjective than the IFA technique. EIA was subsequently adopted for estimating prevalences in the studied human populations. Data obtained by EIA indicated that the prevalence of C. burnetii antibody among adult Egyptian blood donors was 20% (n = 358) in the Suez Canal area, 16% (n = 501) in the Nile Valley and 10% (n = 427) in the Nile Delta. Among adult patients with acute, undifferentiated fever in Egypt, the prevalence was 28% (n = 50) of acute sera, with seroconversion in 12% of convalescent sera. Antibody to C. burnetii was detected by EIA in the sera of 25% (n = 71) of cattle workers in Egypt, 10% (n = 100) of housewives in Sudan, and 37% (n = 104) of adults in north-west Somalia. Following a fever outbreak affecting all ages in northern Sudan, IgG antibody to C. burnetii was present in 54% of the febrile persons (n = 185) and in 53% of afebrile persons (n = 186). IgM antibody to C. burnetii was demonstrated in 29% of the febrile persons and 15% of the afebrile persons. These results implicate C. burnetii as a possibly important and under-reported cause of human disease and undiagnosed fevers in north-east Africa.","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"98 3","pages":"173-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18782785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A common-source outbreak of shigellosis involving a piped public water supply in northern Thai communities. 涉及泰国北部社区管道公共供水的志贺氏菌病共同来源暴发。

The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-06-01

W Swaddiwudhipong, S Karintraratana, S Kavinum

{"title":"A common-source outbreak of shigellosis involving a piped public water supply in northern Thai communities.","authors":"W Swaddiwudhipong, S Karintraratana, S Kavinum","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"We report an epidemiological investigation of an explosive common-source water-borne shigellosis outbreak traced to a piped public water system in northern Thai communities. In August 1991, 242 cases of acute diarrhoeal illness occurred in Sam Ngao Subdistrict, Tak Province. About 30% of the cases were culture-positive for multiresistant Shigella flexneri 2a. The outbreak affected all age groups, with the highest attack rate (9.4%) in children < 5 years old. The first ten cases occurred during 1 and 5 August 1991 and a subsequent 158 cases (65.3%) clustered between 6 and 10 August 1991. Most cases (93.0%) occurred in the villages sharing the common piped water system A. The inhabitants who were served by system A had a significantly (P < 0.01) higher attack rate of infection (7.0%) than those who used the other piped public water system B (0.1%) or well water (0.3%). A case-control study revealed a significant association between disease and drinking unboiled piped water (P < 0.05, odds ratio 2.8). The implication of piped water was supported by the presence of faecal contamination in the piped water system, the result of interrupted chlorination. Rapid identification of the possible transmission source and prompt implementation of control measures curtailed the spread of this outbreak.","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"98 3","pages":"145-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18782854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Malaria and filariasis transmission in a village/forest setting in Baram District, Sarawak, Malaysia. 马来西亚沙捞越巴拉姆地区一个村庄/森林环境中的疟疾和丝虫病传播。

The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-06-01

M S Chang, P Doraisingam, S Hardin, N Nagum

引用次数: 0

Early childhood survivorship in Vietnam. 越南儿童早期生存状况。

The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-06-01

I E Swenson, N M Thang, P B San, V Q Nhan, V D Man

{"title":"Early childhood survivorship in Vietnam.","authors":"I E Swenson, N M Thang, P B San, V Q Nhan, V D Man","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The effects on early childhood mortality of birth order, age of the mother at the time of the child's birth, mother's education, as well as infant mortality risk in the province, urban/rural residence, the presence of schools and other facilities and health care services, were examined using data from the 1988 Vietnam Demographic and Health Survey and the 1990 Study of Accessibility of Contraceptives in Vietnam. A total of 4137 urban and rural children born between 1983 and 1988 to the 4172 women interviewed in the Demographic and Health Survey were included in the hazard model analysis of maternal and child characteristics. However, since the Accessibility of Contraceptives Study included only rural respondents, the hazard model analysis of community development characteristics and health services effects on early childhood mortality was based on a subsample of 3314 rural children. Rural children in birth orders five and higher had the greatest risk of early childhood death, birth order one an intermediate risk and orders 2-4 the lowest risk of early childhood death. Rural children residing in communes with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants were at significantly greater risk of early childhood death than children from larger communes. Neither age nor education of the mother nor gender of the child, had a significant impact on early childhood survivorship independent of other variables. Risk of infant mortality in the child's province was of borderline significance.","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"98 3","pages":"204-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18783269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tetanus: a recurring intensive care problem. 破伤风:一个反复出现的重症监护问题。

The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-06-01

H E Harding-Goldson, W J Hanna

引用次数: 0

Prevalence and presentation of hepatitis C related chronic liver disease in southern India. 印度南部丙型肝炎相关慢性肝病的流行和表现

The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-06-01

S K Issar, B S Ramakrishna, B Ramakrishna, S Christopher, B U Samuel, T J John

{"title":"Prevalence and presentation of hepatitis C related chronic liver disease in southern India.","authors":"S K Issar, B S Ramakrishna, B Ramakrishna, S Christopher, B U Samuel, T J John","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"To determine the importance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the aetiology of chronic liver disease in southern India, the prevalence of HCV antibodies and HBV markers was estimated in 100 patients with chronic liver disease and in 56 patients with a variety of other gastrointestinal and liver diseases who served as controls. HCV antibody was measured by a second-generation ELISA. HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs and anti-D were also estimated. HCV antibodies were detected in 26/100 patients with chronic liver disease compared to 0/56 controls. HBV markers were present in 72 of 100 patients with chronic liver disease compared to 21/56 (37.5%) controls. Anti-D was noted in 4/100 patients with chronic liver disease and in none of the controls. Many patients had serological evidence of both B and C infection; 73% of those with anti-HCV also tested positive for HBV markers. HCV related disease presented at a median age of 60 years compared to HBV related disease which presented at a median age of 40. There was no significant difference between HCV and HBV positive patients in symptomatology, but encephalopathy was uncommon and cirrhosis the usual finding at histology in HCV positive individuals, while chronic active hepatitis was found in 30% of biopsied HBV related disease. HCV is a significant cause of chronic liver disease in this geographic region, although HBV infection continues to account for the largest proportion of cases.","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"98 3","pages":"161-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18782782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Platelet function studies in Indian kala-azar. 印度黑热病患者血小板功能的研究。

The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-06-01

B Dube, A Arora, V P Singh, K Kumar, S Sundar

引用次数: 0

Application of dot-immunogold-silver staining in the diagnosis of clonorchiasis. 点免疫金银染色在华支睾吸虫病诊断中的应用。

The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-06-01

Y S Liu, W P Du, Y M Wu, Y G Chen, K Y Zheng, J M Shi, X Z Hu, G Y Li, C F You, Z X Wu

引用次数: 0

Use of fundal height as a proxy for length of gestation in rural Africa. 在非洲农村，使用子宫高度作为妊娠长度的代表。

The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-06-01

R Andersson, S Bergström