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The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene最新文献

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Behaviour of specific IgM, IgG and IgA class antibodies in human leptospirosis during the acute phase of the disease and during convalescence. 人钩端螺旋体病急性期和恢复期特异性IgM、IgG和IgA类抗体的行为
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-08-01
M V Silva, E D Camargo, L Batista, A J Vaz, A P Brandão, P M Nakamura, J M Negrão
{"title":"Behaviour of specific IgM, IgG and IgA class antibodies in human leptospirosis during the acute phase of the disease and during convalescence.","authors":"M V Silva,&nbsp;E D Camargo,&nbsp;L Batista,&nbsp;A J Vaz,&nbsp;A P Brandão,&nbsp;P M Nakamura,&nbsp;J M Negrão","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The behaviour of specific IgM, IgG and IgA class antibodies in human leptospirosis was studied by ELISA. Two groups of patients were followed up, 57 of them in the acute phase and 10 during convalescence, the latter with a mean follow-up of 10.5 months. IgM class antibodies were detected starting on the 2nd day of symptoms and were observed in 100% of patients up to the 5th month, in 66.7% up to the 7th month and in 50% up to the 12th month after the onset of symptoms. IgG class antibodies were first detected on the 7th day of symptoms in 9.1% of patients, with maximum reactivity (87.5%) between the 2nd and 3rd month, and were not detected at all in one patient. IgA class antibodies were detected starting on the 5th day of symptoms in 7.7% of patients, and in all patients on the 15th day, persisting in 100% of cases up to the 9th follow-up month. During the 12th month, they were observed in 83.3% of patients. The results indicate that an anti IgA ELISA could be of great value in seroprevalence studies on human leptospirosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"98 4","pages":"268-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18640725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis and diagnostic use of Brugia malayi adult antigen in bancroftian filariasis. 马来布鲁氏成体抗原在班氏丝虫病诊断中的分析与应用。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-08-01
V Chenthamarakshan, K Cheirmaraj, M V Reddy, B C Harinath
{"title":"Analysis and diagnostic use of Brugia malayi adult antigen in bancroftian filariasis.","authors":"V Chenthamarakshan,&nbsp;K Cheirmaraj,&nbsp;M V Reddy,&nbsp;B C Harinath","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Detergent-soluble antigens of Brugia malayi adult worms (BmA SDS S Ag) were analysed for their antigenic activity and potential use in diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis. Analysis of SDS-PAGE fractions of BmA SDS S Ag against antifilarial antibodies, that is, human filarial serum immunoglobulin G and anti BmA SDS S Ag antibody, revealed two active antigen fractions: BmA-6 and BmA-9. Antibodies raised to BmA-6 and BmA-9 were tested with antigens isolated from infected human body fluids such as circulating filarial antigen (CFA2), urinary filarial antigen (UFAC2) and hydrocele fluid antigen (HFA). Both antibodies showed high reactivity with CFA2-1, 6 and 9 as well as UFAC2-5, 6 and 9 antigenic fractions. In immunoblotting studies, anti BmA-6 antibody detected specific antigens of high microfilaraemic reactivity such as 120, 54, 26 and 22 kDa. In inhibition ELISA using anti BmA SDS S Ag antibody and antigen fraction BmA-6, filarial antigen was detected in 85% of microfilaraemic, 35% of clinical filarial and 20% of endemic normal sera samples. When anti BmA SDS S Ag antibody and BmA-9 were used, 80% of microfilaraemic, 35% of clinical filarial and 25% of endemic normal sera showed positive reaction for filarial antigen. The analysis of urine samples showed the presence of filarial antigen in 76 and 72% of microfilaraemic cases using BmA-6 and BmA-9 fractions respectively while only 20% of endemic normals were positive using both the antigen fractions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"98 4","pages":"233-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18642832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Case management by community health workers of children with acute respiratory infections: implications for national ARI control programme. 社区卫生工作者对急性呼吸道感染儿童的病例管理:对国家急性呼吸道感染控制规划的影响。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-08-01
D Fagbule, A Kalu
{"title":"Case management by community health workers of children with acute respiratory infections: implications for national ARI control programme.","authors":"D Fagbule,&nbsp;A Kalu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health worker performance in the management of children with acute respiratory infections (ARI) was assessed in two local government areas (LGAs) in Nigeria. The data derived were utilized to identify training needs. Survey instruments included an inventory list for ARI-related equipment and supplies, observation checklists for children presenting to the health worker with ARI symptoms, a questionnaire for exist interviews with mothers, and a supervisor performance checklist. One hundred and twenty-three health workers in Ife Central LGA and 50 in Ojo were observed at selected public health facilities. Most health workers took a good general history, but specific ARI-related history and physical examination were frequently omitted. Symptomatic diagnosis and treatment were common. Drugs most commonly prescribed for treatment of ARI were chloroquine, paracetamol and antibiotics. Essential drugs and supplies for ARI management were not available in some facilities. Communication with mothers was generally unsatisfactory and instruction on home management incomplete. Many of the health workers had not attended a continuing education programme in the previous two years and supervision which could have provided on-the-spot training was irregular. Improvements in ARI case management will require attention to policy, logistics, training (including in-service education) and supervision. The possible role of an integrated approach to the management of the sick child in improving the quality of health worker performance is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"98 4","pages":"241-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18642833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effect of stay in a maternity waiting home on perinatal mortality in rural Zimbabwe. 待在待产之家对津巴布韦农村围产期死亡率的影响。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-08-01
D Chandramohan, F Cutts, P Millard
{"title":"The effect of stay in a maternity waiting home on perinatal mortality in rural Zimbabwe.","authors":"D Chandramohan,&nbsp;F Cutts,&nbsp;P Millard","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A hospital-based cohort study was carried out in a district hospital in Zimbabwe to evaluate the effect of a maternity waiting home on perinatal mortality. Information on antenatal risk factors, use of antenatal care, access to the hospital and stage of labour on arrival was collected for each woman delivering at the hospital during the period 1989-1991 (n = 6438). Women who stayed in the maternity waiting home had a lower risk of perinatal death compared to women who came directly from home to the hospital during labour. The crude relative risk of perinatal death for the women coming from home was 1.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-2.6; P < 0.05). After adjusting for the effect of potential confounding variables, the relative risk decreased to 1.5 (95% CI 0.95-2.5, P = 0.07). However, when the analysis was restricted to women with antenatal risk factors there was a significant 50% reduction in the risk of perinatal death for the women who stayed at the maternity waiting home compared to women who came from home during labour (adjusted relative risk 1.9; 95% CI 1.1-3.4; P < 0.05). The use of maternity waiting homes has the potential to reduce perinatal mortality in rural areas with low geographic access to hospitals and merits further evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"98 4","pages":"261-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18640724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pattern of adult malignancies in Zambia (1980-1989) in light of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 epidemic. 鉴于人类免疫缺陷病毒1型流行，赞比亚成人恶性肿瘤的模式(1980-1989年)。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-08-01
P Patil, B Elem, A Zumla
{"title":"Pattern of adult malignancies in Zambia (1980-1989) in light of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 epidemic.","authors":"P Patil,&nbsp;B Elem,&nbsp;A Zumla","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study analysed histopathological and haematology records of 7836 neoplasms seen during the period 1980-1989 at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia. The crude incidence rate of each malignancy per 100,000 adults per year was calculated and the patterns of malignancies were compared for the periods 1980-1983 and 1984-1989, the later coinciding with the advent of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. The six most common tumours were carcinoma of the cervix (19.6%), Kaposi's sarcoma (7%), bladder carcinoma (6.3%), hepatoma (5.8%), lymphoma (4.6%) and carcinoma of the breast (4.4%). Significant increases in the crude incidence rates of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and carcinoma of the breast were observed during the last 6 years of the study period (P = 0.001). Nodal KS showed the most significant rise from a crude incidence rate of 0.25 per 100,000 adults per year in the 1980-1983 period to 1.11 during the 1984-1989 period. In contrast to findings from Europe and the USA, no significant increase in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was detected in Zambia following the HIV epidemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"98 4","pages":"281-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18640728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lymphoma as a cause of false positive serology for visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) using the indirect haemagglutination (IHA) method. 使用间接血凝(IHA)方法，淋巴瘤作为内脏利什曼病(黑热病)血清学假阳性的原因。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-08-01
G M Malik, R E Abdalla, B al-Knawy, S E Abdalla
{"title":"Lymphoma as a cause of false positive serology for visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) using the indirect haemagglutination (IHA) method.","authors":"G M Malik,&nbsp;R E Abdalla,&nbsp;B al-Knawy,&nbsp;S E Abdalla","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"98 4","pages":"285-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18640729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A randomized trial of the impact of rope-pumps on water quality. 绳泵对水质影响的随机试验。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-08-01
A C Gorter, J H Alberts, J F Gago, P Sandiford
{"title":"A randomized trial of the impact of rope-pumps on water quality.","authors":"A C Gorter,&nbsp;J H Alberts,&nbsp;J F Gago,&nbsp;P Sandiford","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rope-pumps are now widely promoted as a low cost, easily maintained means to improve water availability in developing countries. However, in some instances their acceptance has been limited by concerns over the microbiological quality of the water. This study looked at the well water quality under a variety of conditions, comparing unimproved bucket and rope wells with wells with a windlass and rope-pump wells with and without a concrete cover. Other factors influencing the water quality were also examined. Results indicate a 62% reduction of the geometric mean of the faecal coliform contamination of the well water as a result of the installation of a rope-pump with or without a concrete cover. Other factors found to influence the level of contamination of water in hand-dug wells were rainfall, number of households using the well, amount of water extracted daily and the distance of the well from the nearest kitchen. The last three factors probably reflect domestic activities with poor hygiene around the well. The installation of a simple rope-pump on family wells improves the water quality and availability at a favourable cost/benefit ratio.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"98 4","pages":"247-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18642834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A study of neonatal deaths at the Ogun State University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria. 尼日利亚萨加穆奥贡州立大学教学医院新生儿死亡研究。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-06-01
O F Njokanma, D M Olanrewaju
{"title":"A study of neonatal deaths at the Ogun State University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria.","authors":"O F Njokanma,&nbsp;D M Olanrewaju","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A two-year prospective study of neonatal deaths at a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital is presented. There were 55 deaths among 1081 inborn live deliveries (50.88/1000). Low birthweight babies accounted for 60% of deaths. There were 49 (45.33/1000) perinatal deaths, 61% of which occurred within 24 hours. The mortality rate of term small-for-gestational age neonates was higher than that of their appropriate-for-gestational age counterparts (chi 2 = 4.55, P < 0.05). The mortality rate for 315 referred admissions was 400/1000. Referred very low birthweight babies had a better outcome than inborn ones. Severe infections, severe birth asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome and recurrent apnoea were among the leading causes of death in this study. There is a need for improved intensive care facilities for the high-risk newborn. Greater effort is required to improve early utilization of available maternity services.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"98 3","pages":"155-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18782781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Alexandre Yersin and the plague bacillus. 亚历山大·耶尔辛和鼠疫杆菌。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-06-01
T Solomon
{"title":"Alexandre Yersin and the plague bacillus.","authors":"T Solomon","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To most doctors, the name Yersin is known only for its eponymous connection with the plague bacillus, Yersinia pestis. In Vietnam, where he lived for over 50 years, Alexandre Yersin is a legendary figure. On the 100th anniversary of the identification of the plague bacillus, a review of this extraordinary man and his controversial discovery is timely.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"98 3","pages":"209-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18783270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A chronic cavitary pulmonary histoplasmosis case from Turkey. 土耳其慢性空腔肺组织胞浆菌病1例。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-06-01
H C Arab, H Yilmaz, A I Ucar, E Yildirim, M Ozkul
{"title":"A chronic cavitary pulmonary histoplasmosis case from Turkey.","authors":"H C Arab,&nbsp;H Yilmaz,&nbsp;A I Ucar,&nbsp;E Yildirim,&nbsp;M Ozkul","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Histoplasmosis, a disease endemic to North America, is caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. To the best of our knowledge, the chronic cavitary pulmonary histoplasmosis patient described here presents the first case in which the fungus was isolated from sputum culture in Turkey.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"98 3","pages":"190-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18783266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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