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The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene最新文献

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Use of rice-based oral rehydration solution in a large diarrhoea treatment centre in Bangladesh: in-house production, use and relative cost. 在孟加拉国一个大型腹泻治疗中心使用米基口服补液:内部生产、使用和相对成本。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-12-01
M A Islam, D Mahalanabis, N Majid
{"title":"Use of rice-based oral rehydration solution in a large diarrhoea treatment centre in Bangladesh: in-house production, use and relative cost.","authors":"M A Islam,&nbsp;D Mahalanabis,&nbsp;N Majid","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glucose-based oral rehydration salt (ORS) is an appropriate and cost-effective tool to treat diarrhoeal dehydration. In patients with a high purging rate, particularly due to cholera, rice-based ORS has been shown to substantially reduce stool output compared to glucose ORS. However, it is not used in the hospitals or diarrhoea treatment centres largely because of the non-availability of a ready-to-use inexpensive packaged product and because of the problem of cooking. In a large diarrhoea treatment centre in Bangladesh (with an annual ORS consumption of approximately 140,000 litres), we have maintained in-house production of rice ORS and used it routinely for more than 600,000 patients over the last nine years. Semi-literate health workers cook rice ORS and supervise mothers in its use. Rice ORS is less costly (US $0.15 per patient treated compared with US $0.37 for glucose ORS) and is well accepted. It is an attractive alternative to glucose ORS in many fixed facility treatment centres in countries where rice is a staple and cholera is endemic. The process of its in-house preparation and use is described in this report which may assist hospitals wishing to use rice ORS in treating diarrhoea patients. Availability of a low cost ready-to-use rice ORS packet (which needs no cooking) with adequate shelf-life will increase its use at fixed facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 6","pages":"341-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18962241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Orofacial granulomatosis: report of two Nigerian cases. 尼日利亚口面部肉芽肿病2例报告。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-12-01
O Odukoya
{"title":"Orofacial granulomatosis: report of two Nigerian cases.","authors":"O Odukoya","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two cases of orofacial granulomatosis are reported. One case is that of a 24-year-old Nigerian female, who presented with a complete form of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. The second case is that of a 32-year-old Nigerian male who presented with a form of orofacial granulomatosis which is consistent with Miescher's cheilitis granulomatosa, and who also gave a history of intolerance to some food items. The relevant literature is reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 6","pages":"362-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18962153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chagasic meningoencephalitis with detection of Trypanosoma cruzi in the cerebrospinal fluid of an immunodepressed patient. 1例免疫功能低下患者脑脊液中检测出恰加斯脑膜脑炎伴克氏锥虫。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-12-01
E Jardim, O M Takayanagui
{"title":"Chagasic meningoencephalitis with detection of Trypanosoma cruzi in the cerebrospinal fluid of an immunodepressed patient.","authors":"E Jardim,&nbsp;O M Takayanagui","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a case of chagasic meningoencephalitis with the detection of Trypanosoma cruzi in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The patient was a renal transplant recipient with a chagasic history preceding surgery who had been receiving immunosuppressive medication for 8 years, a probable cause of the recrudescence of Chagas' disease. He was treated with benznidazole, with normalization of the CSF. He was discharged from hospital in a good clinical condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 6","pages":"367-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18962154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparative evaluation of serological tests in Indian kala-azar. 印度黑热病血清学试验的比较评价。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-12-01
R Sinha, S Sehgal
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of serological tests in Indian kala-azar.","authors":"R Sinha,&nbsp;S Sehgal","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Data on 41 kala-azar patients were collected and the series of serological tests employed to diagnose the disease were compared depending upon their sensitivity and specificity indices. The indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was found to be 100% sensitive and specific. The direct agglutination test (DAT) involving detection of agglutinating antibodies against Leishmania donovani was 97.2% efficient. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) had a specificity of 75% while other tests such as counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP), aldehyde and the Sia water test ranged from 84.3 to 97.2% in efficiency. On the basis of the costs and ease of the tests, the use of DAT along with CIEP is highly recommended for early detection of kala-azar.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 6","pages":"333-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18962240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vibrio cholerae 0139 'Bengal' in Singapore. 0139孟加拉霍乱弧菌在新加坡。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-10-01
L Tay, K T Goh, Y S Lim
{"title":"Vibrio cholerae 0139 'Bengal' in Singapore.","authors":"L Tay,&nbsp;K T Goh,&nbsp;Y S Lim","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vibrio cholerae 0139 was isolated from five patients with cholera-like illness. All were imported cases. Laboratory investigations found our five isolates in show similar morphological, biochemical and serological characteristics to the V. cholerae 0139 strains causing epidemics in Bangladesh and India. Our isolates were toxin producers resistant to streptomycin and co-trimoxazole. No local transmission was known to have occurred following introduction of these imported cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 5","pages":"317-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18929027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Infecting dose and severity of malaria: a literature review of induced malaria. 疟疾感染剂量与严重程度:关于诱导性疟疾的文献综述。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-10-01
J R Glynn
{"title":"Infecting dose and severity of malaria: a literature review of induced malaria.","authors":"J R Glynn","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The influence of infecting dose on severity of malaria is unknown. The medical literature contains descriptions and analyses of thousands of people, volunteers and neurosyphilis patients, in whom malaria was induced artificially. In some studies it is possible to relate measures of dose to outcome. In this paper a systematic review of this literature is presented. Dose was inversely related to prepatent and incubation period, as expected. A few studies suggested a relation between dose and severity of disease but others did not. Difficulties in interpreting the studies are emphasized, and the findings are compared with those in experimental animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 5","pages":"300-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18929026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Malaria in Hubei Province, China: approaching eradication. 中国湖北省的疟疾:接近根除。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-10-01
B Xu, H Li, R H Webber
{"title":"Malaria in Hubei Province, China: approaching eradication.","authors":"B Xu,&nbsp;H Li,&nbsp;R H Webber","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the last six years, there has been a steady reduction of Plasmodium vivax malaria in Hubei Province with an API (annual parasite incidence) of 0.134 per thousand by 1992. This is especially so in the south, east, west and north-west parts of the province. Much of this reduction has been produced by a policy of repeated radical treatment in the non-malaria season. In the centre of Hubei, where Anopheles anthropophagus is the chief vector, malaria is still a problem. The key factors in destabilizing malaria are a sudden increase in the number of An. anthropophagus, introduction of non-immunes into the endemic area, and the village doctors' diminished interest in malaria surveillance activities. Impregnated bed nets are possibly the best strategy for reducing malaria, but where the prevalence is reduced to a sufficiently low level efficient case finding and detection are able to contain malaria and produce a continued reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 5","pages":"277-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18929022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Schistosomiasis vaccines: Farewell to the God of Plague? 血吸虫病疫苗:告别瘟疫之神?
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-10-01
M G Taylor
{"title":"Schistosomiasis vaccines: Farewell to the God of Plague?","authors":"M G Taylor","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Control and even eradication of schistosomiasis have been achieved in some countries using integrated measures but this disease remains endemic in 74 countries with 600 million at risk of whom 200 million are currently infected. The application of control measures, particularly population-based chemotherapy, has in many countries greatly reduced the incidence of serious disease manifestations, but vaccines are urgently needed to supplement existing control measures. Great advances are being made in vaccine development and the first clinical trials are expected to begin shortly.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 5","pages":"257-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18931750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A ten-year observation on experimental infection of periodic Brugia malayi in man. 人类周期性马来布鲁氏菌实验感染的十年观察。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-10-01
P Y Wang, T M Zhen, Z Z Wang, Z F Gu, S P Ren, L H Liu, L W Hou, J L Liu
{"title":"A ten-year observation on experimental infection of periodic Brugia malayi in man.","authors":"P Y Wang,&nbsp;T M Zhen,&nbsp;Z Z Wang,&nbsp;Z F Gu,&nbsp;S P Ren,&nbsp;L H Liu,&nbsp;L W Hou,&nbsp;J L Liu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper reports the results of 10 years of observations on the clinical manifestations, pathology and immunity to filariasis and aetiological biology of filariae in three volunteers (first author and his family members) who were inoculated experimentally with infective larvae of periodic Brugia malayi in 1981. The changes in clinical symptoms and signs were recorded systematically. Microfilariae were first detected at 41 and 46 weeks after inoculation in two subjects and remained detectable in small numbers until 8-8.5 years after infection. The microfilarial density fluctuated at 1-2 mf 120 microliters-1. Thereafter no microfilariae were detected in 12 blood sample examinations, suggesting that the adult reproductive period of periodic B. malayi could last up to 8-9 years in the human body. Eosinophilia occurred mainly before and at the initial stage of microfilaraemia. An increase in the lymphocytes was observed to some extent at 2-156 weeks after infection. Biopsy at the inoculation site 6 weeks after inoculation showed infiltration of the lymph node by inflammatory cells, mainly eosinocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes. Lymphangiectasis and lymphostasis were observed in both limbs and pelvic regions by lymphangiogram taken 11 weeks after inoculation. Antibodies against B. malayi first appeared at 2-5 weeks after infection, peaked at 12-56 weeks and thereafter declined gradually. Subjects A and C became antibody free but subject B remained positive to antibody against B. malayi 10 years after infection. E-rosette forming lymphocytes became lower than normal at 11 weeks and recovered to normal within 10 years after infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 5","pages":"269-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18931751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cutaneous ulcers in typhoid fever. 伤寒引起的皮肤溃疡。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-10-01
G Karthikeyan, S Mahadevan
{"title":"Cutaneous ulcers in typhoid fever.","authors":"G Karthikeyan,&nbsp;S Mahadevan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cutaneous lesions in typhoid fever are uncommon. We report cutaneous ulcers in two children (aged 10 years and 3 years) with typhoid fever.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 5","pages":"298-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18929025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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