The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene最新文献

Enterovirus specific IgM responses in children with acute and chronic paralytic syndrome. 急性和慢性麻痹综合征患儿肠病毒特异性IgM反应

The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-12-01

U Tuteja, G Pandya, R Bharagava, D Agarwal, A M Jana

引用次数: 0

Epidemic cholera in Latin America: spread and routes of transmission. 拉丁美洲的霍乱流行:传播和传播途径。

The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-12-01

J P Guthmann

引用次数: 0

Filarial vector studies in a diethylcarbamazine-treated and in untreated villages in Papua New Guinea. 巴布亚新几内亚经二乙基卡马嗪处理和未经处理的村庄丝虫病媒研究。

The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-12-01

J H Bryan, H Dagoro, B A Southgate

引用次数: 0

Effective acidification of traditional fermented foods. 传统发酵食品的有效酸化。

The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-12-01

C Simango

{"title":"Effective acidification of traditional fermented foods.","authors":"C Simango","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to investigate the survival rates of strains of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in lactic and acetic acids and to compare them with their survival rates in sour porridge. The fermented and unfermented porridges were prepared in the laboratory. The fermented porridge had both lactic and acetic acids; unfermented porridge was adjusted to the pH of sour porridge with lactic and acetic acids. The sour porridge, the unfermented porridge adjusted to the pH of sour porridge with lactic and acetic acids and the unfermented porridge were inoculated with six strains of enteropathogenic E. coli. The inoculated porridges had a final concentration of 10(6)-10(7) colony-forming units (c.f.u.) per ml of food. Few of the strains of enteropathogenic E. coli were detected 48 hours after inoculation in sour porridge. All the strains were detected 48 hours after inoculation in unfermented porridges adjusted to the pH of sour porridge with lactic and acetic acids but decreased in numbers of surviving cells by about 2 log10 c.f.u. per ml of food. All the strains survived in unfermented porridge for 48 hours and increased in numbers. These results show that lactic and acetic acids have antimicrobial properties but they are not as effective as sour porridge in inhibiting the growth and survival of enteropathogenic E. coli. The inhibitory property of sour porridge is due to a combination of many substances including lactic and acetic acids.","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"98 6","pages":"465-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19525508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research methodology for developing efficient handwashing options: an example from Bangladesh. 制定有效洗手方法的研究方法:以孟加拉国为例。

The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-12-01

B A Hoque, D Mahalanabis, B Pelto, M J Alam

{"title":"Research methodology for developing efficient handwashing options: an example from Bangladesh.","authors":"B A Hoque, D Mahalanabis, B Pelto, M J Alam","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Handwashing has been universally promoted for health interventions, but it is essential that the factors related to behaviour are understood in order to develop appropriate handwashing messages. We found the study of behaviour complex and had to combine several methods: in-depth interviewing, questionnaire; observational and bacteriological. Here we present our experiences in developing efficient handwashing options for rural Bangladesh. The components of handwashing practices after defecation of 90 rural women were studied (phase 1). During phase 1 an in-depth interview was used to design the observational and questionnaire surveys. Behaviour was observed using a semi-structured record form and the effectiveness of the acts was measured by means of bacteriological tests. A questionnaire survey was undertaken on socioeconomic and water sanitation-related variables since they influence behaviour. Then, to develop efficient handwashing options, an experimental phase (phase 2) tested the bacteriological efficacy of the components found appropriate in phase 1. The effectiveness of the handwashing practices is believed to be poor since the bacteriological counts were found to be high (faecal coliform count of the left hand 1995, and of the right hand 1318 colony forming units/hand). The practice comprised several components: use of an agent, handedness, frequency of rubbing, source and volume of rinsing water, and drying of the hands. Seventy-five per cent of the women reported that they could not afford soap. The experimental trials showed that soap, ash and soil give similar results under similar conditions of handwashing (faecal coliform counts of left hands: 195 (soap), 98 (ash), 129 (soil) and of right: 112 (soap), 54 (ash) and 89 (soil) cfu/hand). The use of multi-method techniques in the study helped to understand and develop efficient handwashing options.","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"98 6","pages":"469-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19525509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Soluble transferrin receptor as an index of iron status in Zaïrian children with malaria. 可溶性转铁蛋白受体作为Zaïrian疟疾患儿铁状态的指标。

The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-12-01

S Kuvibidila, J A Mark, R P Warrier, L Yu, D Ode, K A Tshefu

{"title":"Soluble transferrin receptor as an index of iron status in Zaïrian children with malaria.","authors":"S Kuvibidila, J A Mark, R P Warrier, L Yu, D Ode, K A Tshefu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to evaluate soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) as an index of iron status in 0.5-16-year-old Zaïrian children: 17 with symptomatic malaria, 8 with asymptomatic malaria, and 15 controls. sTfR was also measured in 20 plasma samples obtained from iron sufficient laboratory employees. sTfR, haemoglobin and ferritin were measured by enzyme-immunoassay, cyanmethaemoglobin method, and radioimmunoassay respectively. Mean haemoglobin levels were lower and ferritin higher (P < 0.001) in children with clinical symptoms of malaria than in those without malaria, and they were intermediate in those with asymptomatic malaria. Mean sTfR concentrations were similar among the three groups of children and laboratory controls. There was a considerable overlap in sTfR concentrations between the three groups of children (1.8-10.2, 2.9-11.6 and 2.97-8.95 mg 1(-1) in symptomatic malaria, asymptomatic malaria and control groups, respectively) as well as laboratory controls (1.2-7.30 mg l-1). Despite the overlap, 6 children with malaria (24%) and one control child (6.7%) had sTfR concentrations above the highest concentration found in laboratory controls. No child had serum ferritin < 12 micrograms l-1 (suggestive of iron deficiency). As expected, sTfR negatively correlated with ferritin (r = -0.230) in the overall study population of children, and with haemoglobin in children with asymptomatic malaria (r = -0.943, P < 0.05), as well as in control children (r = -0.363). All children with sTfR above normal were also anaemic. Although the upper limit of normal sTfR concentration in healthy children is unknown, using the cut-off value of adults, we conclude that sTfR might be a more sensitive index of iron deficiency than serum ferritin in patients with malaria.","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"98 6","pages":"373-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19524330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Primary cutaneous nocardiosis caused by Nocardia otitidiscaviarum: two cases and a review of the literature. 耳根诺卡菌引起的原发性皮肤诺卡菌病:2例及文献复习。

The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-12-01

C Freland, J L Fur, B Nemirovsky-Trebucq, P Lelong, P Boiron

引用次数: 0

Evenoming by Bungarus multicinctus (many-banded krait) in Hong Kong. 香港的多纹水蚤(Bungarus multicinctus)傍晚。

The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-12-01

J C Chan, C S Cockram, T Buckley, K Young, R Kay, B Tomlinson

引用次数: 0

Saprophytic mycosis with pulmonary echinococcosis. 腐生真菌病伴肺棘球蚴病。

The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-12-01

A Date, N Zachariah

引用次数: 0

Diabetes, obesity and hypertension in urban and rural people of bedouin origin in the United Arab Emirates. 阿拉伯联合酋长国城乡贝都因人的糖尿病、肥胖和高血压

The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1995-12-01

I T el Mugamer, A S Ali Zayat, M M Hossain, R N Pugh

{"title":"Diabetes, obesity and hypertension in urban and rural people of bedouin origin in the United Arab Emirates.","authors":"I T el Mugamer, A S Ali Zayat, M M Hossain, R N Pugh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In the United Arab Emirates, coronary heart disease has emerged as the leading cause of mortality over a 20-year period of rapid socioeconomic development. CHD risk factors of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), obesity and hypertension were investigated by community based survey among a bedouin-derived Emirati population sample of 322 subjects (> or = 20 years). Diagnosis of diabetes was based on a random capillary blood glucose level > or = 11.1 mmol l-1. Overall diabetes prevalence was 6% (11% in male and 7% in female subjects aged 30-64 years). Urban residence was associated with higher blood glucose levels (P = 0.000), and with higher Body Mass Index (BMI) values (P = 0.002): 27% of all urban residents were obese (BMI > or = 30). The Shamsi were positively associated with higher blood glucose levels compared with other tribal groups (P = 0.000). Female gender was associated with higher BMI values (P = 0.000). Between 19 and 25% of all subjects (male or female; urban or rural residents) have systolic hypertension (> 140 mm Hg). Male gender was associated with raised diastolic BP (P = 0.023). Diabetes was associated with higher mean systolic (P = 0.0274) and diastolic (P = 0.0132) BP levels. Differences in lifestyle between urban and rural residents are becoming blurred with further socioeconomic development and it is expected that the incidence of these CHD risk factors will continue to rise. Further studies are needed to specify changes associated with urbanization. Tribal influence also merits further study given the tradition of consanguinity in the UAE and the genetic basis to NIDDM.","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"98 6","pages":"407-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19524865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0