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The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene最新文献

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Herbal poisoning caused by adulterants or erroneous substitutes. 因掺假或错误替代品引起的草药中毒。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-12-01
P P But
{"title":"Herbal poisoning caused by adulterants or erroneous substitutes.","authors":"P P But","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Six cases of herbal poisoning involving six patients in Hong Kong, Taipei and Kuala Lumpur are reported. The sources of poisoning were identified as adulterants (Podophyllum emodi) or erroneous substitutes (Datura metel). In cases of suspected herbal poisoning, it is recommended that the prescriptions, herbal residues and herb samples should be collected for pharmacognostical and chemical analysis to substantiate the cause of poisoning. Insofar as it is possible, an estimate of the amount of herbs consumed should also be obtained, to establish whether the amount of toxin present is sufficient to account for the symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 6","pages":"371-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18962155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Financing mechanisms for village activities in The Gambia and their implications for financing insecticide for bednet impregnation. 冈比亚乡村活动的筹资机制及其对蚊帐浸渍杀虫剂筹资的影响。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-12-01
A Mills, J Fox-Rushby, M Aikins, U D'Alessandro, K Cham, B Greenwood
{"title":"Financing mechanisms for village activities in The Gambia and their implications for financing insecticide for bednet impregnation.","authors":"A Mills,&nbsp;J Fox-Rushby,&nbsp;M Aikins,&nbsp;U D'Alessandro,&nbsp;K Cham,&nbsp;B Greenwood","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recent enthusiasm for impregnated bednets as a malaria control measure leaves unresolved the question of how to finance them. The National Impregnated Bednet Programme in The Gambia faced the question of how to obtain funds from villages to finance the cost of insecticide, but knew very little about current village fundraising for development purposes. A survey was conducted of such fundraising, and questions also asked about willingness to pay for insecticide and preferred means of paying. All 53 villages surveyed paid taxes/rates, but 34% of villages reported no voluntary fundraising. The most common reason for collecting money was for the maintenance of wells (40% of villages). Collective farming was used as a means of raising money in 32% of villages. There was some variation in the type and extent of fundraising by region and also by the predominant ethnic groups of the village. Villages with voluntary fundraising activities seemed to have well established collective mechanisms for agreeing on sums to be collected and their use, and for collecting and recording income and expenditure. Non-payment was rare, and misuse of funds was not reported. Respondents were asked how much compounds might be willing to pay for insecticide impregnantion: the most frequently cited maximum amounts were D5 and 10, and minimum D1 and 5 (D15 = 1 pound). The paper discusses payment options for insecticide, such as whether the village should be allowed to decide itself how to raise funds, and whether the payment should be made only by households with nets or by a village-wide mechanism such as collective farming.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 6","pages":"325-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18962239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ring or disc enhancing lesions in epilepsy in India. 印度癫痫的环或盘强化病变。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-12-01
P P Sethi, R S Wadia, D P Kiyawat, N R Ichaporia, S S Kothari, S A Sangle, P Wadhwa
{"title":"Ring or disc enhancing lesions in epilepsy in India.","authors":"P P Sethi,&nbsp;R S Wadia,&nbsp;D P Kiyawat,&nbsp;N R Ichaporia,&nbsp;S S Kothari,&nbsp;S A Sangle,&nbsp;P Wadhwa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In India a common CT finding in epilepsy is a ring/disc enhancing lesion (RDEL). This lesion is hypodense on plain scan and shows a ring or disc-like enhancement on contrast CT scan. This study reports on 186 cases with such lesions, found in 26.1% of all focal epilepsy. It was commoner in children. Fifty-three per cent of the cases had had fits for less than 3 months, 29.6% had had fits for more than 6 months and 17.6% for more than a year. Focal signs were seen in 20% of cases and focal EEG slowing in 57.1%. The lesion cleared on anticonvulsants alone in 75% of cases. At present this is the preferred method of treatment unless there is coexisting CNS tuberculosis or close family contact with TB or extraneural cysticercosis. Biopsy was done in 16 cases and the two commonest causes were found to be cysticercosis and tuberculosis. A review of 58 biopsies in four centres in India is included. The frequency of this entity is apparently highest in India and even in other countries where cysticercosis is common, the lesion is not reported as frequently.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 6","pages":"347-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18962242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Use of rice-based oral rehydration solution in a large diarrhoea treatment centre in Bangladesh: in-house production, use and relative cost. 在孟加拉国一个大型腹泻治疗中心使用米基口服补液:内部生产、使用和相对成本。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-12-01
M A Islam, D Mahalanabis, N Majid
{"title":"Use of rice-based oral rehydration solution in a large diarrhoea treatment centre in Bangladesh: in-house production, use and relative cost.","authors":"M A Islam,&nbsp;D Mahalanabis,&nbsp;N Majid","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glucose-based oral rehydration salt (ORS) is an appropriate and cost-effective tool to treat diarrhoeal dehydration. In patients with a high purging rate, particularly due to cholera, rice-based ORS has been shown to substantially reduce stool output compared to glucose ORS. However, it is not used in the hospitals or diarrhoea treatment centres largely because of the non-availability of a ready-to-use inexpensive packaged product and because of the problem of cooking. In a large diarrhoea treatment centre in Bangladesh (with an annual ORS consumption of approximately 140,000 litres), we have maintained in-house production of rice ORS and used it routinely for more than 600,000 patients over the last nine years. Semi-literate health workers cook rice ORS and supervise mothers in its use. Rice ORS is less costly (US $0.15 per patient treated compared with US $0.37 for glucose ORS) and is well accepted. It is an attractive alternative to glucose ORS in many fixed facility treatment centres in countries where rice is a staple and cholera is endemic. The process of its in-house preparation and use is described in this report which may assist hospitals wishing to use rice ORS in treating diarrhoea patients. Availability of a low cost ready-to-use rice ORS packet (which needs no cooking) with adequate shelf-life will increase its use at fixed facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 6","pages":"341-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18962241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Orofacial granulomatosis: report of two Nigerian cases. 尼日利亚口面部肉芽肿病2例报告。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-12-01
O Odukoya
{"title":"Orofacial granulomatosis: report of two Nigerian cases.","authors":"O Odukoya","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two cases of orofacial granulomatosis are reported. One case is that of a 24-year-old Nigerian female, who presented with a complete form of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. The second case is that of a 32-year-old Nigerian male who presented with a form of orofacial granulomatosis which is consistent with Miescher's cheilitis granulomatosa, and who also gave a history of intolerance to some food items. The relevant literature is reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 6","pages":"362-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18962153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chagasic meningoencephalitis with detection of Trypanosoma cruzi in the cerebrospinal fluid of an immunodepressed patient. 1例免疫功能低下患者脑脊液中检测出恰加斯脑膜脑炎伴克氏锥虫。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-12-01
E Jardim, O M Takayanagui
{"title":"Chagasic meningoencephalitis with detection of Trypanosoma cruzi in the cerebrospinal fluid of an immunodepressed patient.","authors":"E Jardim,&nbsp;O M Takayanagui","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a case of chagasic meningoencephalitis with the detection of Trypanosoma cruzi in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The patient was a renal transplant recipient with a chagasic history preceding surgery who had been receiving immunosuppressive medication for 8 years, a probable cause of the recrudescence of Chagas' disease. He was treated with benznidazole, with normalization of the CSF. He was discharged from hospital in a good clinical condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 6","pages":"367-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18962154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparative evaluation of serological tests in Indian kala-azar. 印度黑热病血清学试验的比较评价。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-12-01
R Sinha, S Sehgal
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of serological tests in Indian kala-azar.","authors":"R Sinha,&nbsp;S Sehgal","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Data on 41 kala-azar patients were collected and the series of serological tests employed to diagnose the disease were compared depending upon their sensitivity and specificity indices. The indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was found to be 100% sensitive and specific. The direct agglutination test (DAT) involving detection of agglutinating antibodies against Leishmania donovani was 97.2% efficient. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) had a specificity of 75% while other tests such as counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP), aldehyde and the Sia water test ranged from 84.3 to 97.2% in efficiency. On the basis of the costs and ease of the tests, the use of DAT along with CIEP is highly recommended for early detection of kala-azar.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 6","pages":"333-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18962240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vibrio cholerae 0139 'Bengal' in Singapore. 0139孟加拉霍乱弧菌在新加坡。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-10-01
L Tay, K T Goh, Y S Lim
{"title":"Vibrio cholerae 0139 'Bengal' in Singapore.","authors":"L Tay,&nbsp;K T Goh,&nbsp;Y S Lim","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vibrio cholerae 0139 was isolated from five patients with cholera-like illness. All were imported cases. Laboratory investigations found our five isolates in show similar morphological, biochemical and serological characteristics to the V. cholerae 0139 strains causing epidemics in Bangladesh and India. Our isolates were toxin producers resistant to streptomycin and co-trimoxazole. No local transmission was known to have occurred following introduction of these imported cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 5","pages":"317-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18929027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Infecting dose and severity of malaria: a literature review of induced malaria. 疟疾感染剂量与严重程度:关于诱导性疟疾的文献综述。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-10-01
J R Glynn
{"title":"Infecting dose and severity of malaria: a literature review of induced malaria.","authors":"J R Glynn","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The influence of infecting dose on severity of malaria is unknown. The medical literature contains descriptions and analyses of thousands of people, volunteers and neurosyphilis patients, in whom malaria was induced artificially. In some studies it is possible to relate measures of dose to outcome. In this paper a systematic review of this literature is presented. Dose was inversely related to prepatent and incubation period, as expected. A few studies suggested a relation between dose and severity of disease but others did not. Difficulties in interpreting the studies are emphasized, and the findings are compared with those in experimental animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 5","pages":"300-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18929026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Malaria in Hubei Province, China: approaching eradication. 中国湖北省的疟疾:接近根除。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-10-01
B Xu, H Li, R H Webber
{"title":"Malaria in Hubei Province, China: approaching eradication.","authors":"B Xu,&nbsp;H Li,&nbsp;R H Webber","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the last six years, there has been a steady reduction of Plasmodium vivax malaria in Hubei Province with an API (annual parasite incidence) of 0.134 per thousand by 1992. This is especially so in the south, east, west and north-west parts of the province. Much of this reduction has been produced by a policy of repeated radical treatment in the non-malaria season. In the centre of Hubei, where Anopheles anthropophagus is the chief vector, malaria is still a problem. The key factors in destabilizing malaria are a sudden increase in the number of An. anthropophagus, introduction of non-immunes into the endemic area, and the village doctors' diminished interest in malaria surveillance activities. Impregnated bed nets are possibly the best strategy for reducing malaria, but where the prevalence is reduced to a sufficiently low level efficient case finding and detection are able to contain malaria and produce a continued reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 5","pages":"277-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18929022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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