American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine最新文献

{"title":"Protein responsiveness during critical illness.","authors":"Jayshil J Patel, Stephen A McClave","doi":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag381","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag381","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7664,"journal":{"name":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2669-2670"},"PeriodicalIF":21.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148468498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Withdrawn as duplicate: Oxygenation and Organ Function: The Timeless Quest to Preserve Function and Avoid Toxicity.","authors":"Mark E Mikkelsen, Chiara Robba","doi":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag005","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7664,"journal":{"name":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":"e1-e6"},"PeriodicalIF":21.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13624782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147282047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence improves chest X-ray interpretation employing magnetic resonance imaging as ground truth in patients with cystic fibrosis.","authors":"Shengkai Zhao, Lena Wucherpfennig, Yao Kou, Simon M F Triphan, Friedemann G Ringwald, Marcus A Mall, Mirjam Stahl, Olaf Sommerburg, Urs Eisenmann, Petra Knaup-Gregori, Mark O Wielpütz","doi":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag146","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag146","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7664,"journal":{"name":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2542-2546"},"PeriodicalIF":21.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative computed tomography fibrosis of at least 10% identifies high mortality risk in RA-ILD independent of high-resolution computed tomography pattern.","authors":"Michelle Li Wei Kam, Stephen M Humphries, Jeffrey J Swigris, James L Crooks, Joseph B Pryor, Joshua J Solomon","doi":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag183","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag183","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7664,"journal":{"name":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2514-2517"},"PeriodicalIF":21.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medicare coverage requirements and real-world continuous positive airway pressure utilization: early nonadherence does not exclude long-term use.","authors":"Martha E Billings, Dennis Hwang, Rui Yan, Indu Ayappa, Amy M Sawyer, Jiaxiao Shi, Kendra A Becker, Nathanael H Hwang, Matthew T Klimper, Jessica Jara, Sanjay R Patel","doi":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag177","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag177","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7664,"journal":{"name":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2636-2639"},"PeriodicalIF":21.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of age-adjusted whole genome sequencing telomere length in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.","authors":"John S Kim, Brody Receveur, David Zhang, Shwu-Fan Ma, Yong Huang, Claire McGroder, Rachel K Putman, Anna J Podolanczuk, Jerome I Rotter, Stephen S Rich, Kevin R Flaherty, Joyce S Lee, Joseph A Lasky, Ganesh Raghu, Susan Murray, Catherine Spino, Fernando J Martinez, Andrea Oh, David A Lynch, Stephen M Humphries, Ayodeji Adegunsoye, Justin M Oldham, Gary M Hunninghake, Christine Kim Garcia, Margaret Taub, Rasika A Mathias, Michael H Cho, R Graham Barr, Imre Noth, Josyf C Mychaleckyj, Ani Manichaikul, Chad A Newton","doi":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag259","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Whole genome sequencing-estimated telomere length (WGS-TL) correlates with directly measured peripheral blood telomere length. However, raw WGS-TL does not account for normal age-related telomere attrition to identify patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) with pathologically short telomeres.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine utility of age-adjusted WGS-TL to identify adults with telomere-related qualifying variants (TRQVs) and whether it associates with survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>WGS-TL from two samples of community-dwelling adults (MESA) and people who smoke cigarettes (COPDGene) were used to construct an age-adjusted WGS-TL nomogram (n = 9940) using linear regression models that regressed on raw WGS-TL and adjusted for chronologic age. Using this nomogram, age-adjusted WGS-TL was generated in IPF cases from the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry (PFF-PR) (n = 825) to determine diagnostic performance characteristics for identifying TRQV and survival discrimination.</p><p><strong>Measurements and main results: </strong>There was a higher proportion of IPF patients from the PFF-PR with abnormally short age-adjusted WGS-TL <10th percentile (28%) compared with MESA (5%) or COPDGene (10%). Among IPF patients, age-adjusted WGS-TL <10th percentile outperformed raw WGS-TL <10th percentile at discriminating TRQV (area under the receiver operating curve = 0.66 [95% CI, 0.60-0.73] vs 0.62 [95% CI, 0.56-0.69]). At both the shorter age-adjusted and raw WGS-TL thresholds, specificity (0.74-0.99) was higher than sensitivity (0.10-0.58). Age-adjusted WGS-TL below the 10th percentile was associated with shorter 3-year transplant-free survival (HR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.05-1.74]) but did not improve survival discrimination over clinical variables alone.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Age-adjusted WGS-TL enables identification of IPF patients with pathologically short telomeres, modestly improves detection of TRQV, and associates with survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":7664,"journal":{"name":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2445-2454"},"PeriodicalIF":21.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13624805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148203801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond vasodilation: reframing inhaled nitric oxide as a precision therapy.","authors":"Chong Lei, Nikolay O Kamenshchikov, Sylvia Ranjeva, Run Dong, Pankaj Arora, Lorenzo Berra","doi":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag313","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag313","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7664,"journal":{"name":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2564-2566"},"PeriodicalIF":21.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13624785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148283019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug repurposing for lung disease: mechanistic rationale, clinical evidence, and the path forward.","authors":"Shubhang K Bhatt, Claudia Gyimah, Bhavika Kaul, Kerri A Johannson, Andrew Limper, Timothy M Dempsey","doi":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag216","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag216","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7664,"journal":{"name":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2348-2357"},"PeriodicalIF":21.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of a conserved sequence of disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.","authors":"Xiang Huang, Pingsheng Wu, Adam R Guttentag, Melanie Quintana, Jonathan A Kropski, Timothy S Blackwell, Margaret L Salisbury","doi":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag075","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) begins years before symptoms appear, but the natural history is incompletely understood.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe and quantify IPF disease progression using 4 pulmonary function test (PFT) parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two cohorts included 245 adults with subclinical through advanced familial pulmonary fibrosis (FPF) or 347 placebo-treated IPF patients enrolled in 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A Bayesian joint repeated measures model was fit to describe the observed PFT values as a function of the estimated years since onset (EYO). A latent variable estimated the subject-level chronological age at onset. Onset was assumed to occur when the diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was 70%-predicted. The relationships between EYO and clinical outcomes not included in the model (eg, transplant-free survival) were evaluated, adjusting for age and sex.</p><p><strong>Measurements and main results: </strong>In FPF, the DLCO declined steadily starting around EYO -10, reaching 86.8%-predicted by EYO -5 and 45.3%-predicted by EYO +5. The forced vital capacity (FVC) declined later, reaching 98.6%-predicted by EYO -5 and 76.2%-predicted by EYO +5. The annualized decline in FVC was 12-fold greater in the year after EYO +5 (6.14%-predicted) than EYO -5 (0.49%-predicted). There was a 31% higher risk of death or transplant (HR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.25-1.37]) per 1-year increase in EYO. Similar findings were observed in the RCTs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We identified a conserved sequential decline in lung function in IPF, which has important implications for the design of clinical trials. The disease progression model provides a powerful framework to investigate the clinical and/or biological processes that initiate and propagate IPF.</p>","PeriodicalId":7664,"journal":{"name":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2424-2434"},"PeriodicalIF":21.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147281821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota associate with disease severity and survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.","authors":"John S Kim, Abigail Loe, Shwu-Fan Ma, Piyush Ranjan, Jay H Lipinski, Sheridan G Mikhail, Stephen J Gurczynski, Xiaofeng Zhou, Gary B Huffnagle, John Erb Downward, Joseph D Metcalf, Nicole Falkowski, Kathleen A Stringer, Robert P Dickson, Yong Huang, Bethany B Moore, Fernando J Martinez, Susan Murray, Imre Noth, David N O'Dwyer","doi":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag249","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Gut microbiota modify immunity. Dysregulated immunity plays a key role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the role of gut microbiota in IPF pathogenesis is unknown.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Determine associations between gut microbiota, disease severity, and lung transplant-free survival in IPF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Gut microbiota from patients enrolled in the CleanUP-IPF trial were characterized using fecal swab samples (n = 411). CleanUP-IPF investigated the clinical efficacy of long-term antimicrobials in IPF. 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing were performed to comprehensively profile gut microbial communities. Associations between baseline microbiota with disease severity, transplant-free survival, and treatment heterogeneity were analyzed using principal component analysis, multivariate generalized linear models, additive models, and Cox regression models.</p><p><strong>Measurements and main results: </strong>Gut microbiota composition varied significantly with sex, age, and proton pump inhibitor use. Gut microbial diversity and community composition were significantly associated with impaired gas exchange (percent predicted diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide). Several genera including the Lachnospiraceae unclassified genus were associated with improved transplant-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.34; 95% CI, 0.14-0.87; P = .02) in patients not assigned to antimicrobial treatment. Patients with a higher abundance of the Lachnospiraceae unclassified genus exposed to long-term cotrimoxazole had worse survival (HR = 6.09; 95% CI, 1.36-27.27; P = .02). Survival in pirfenidone-treated patients was significantly associated with a higher abundance of the gut Lachnospiraceae unclassified genus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In exploratory post hoc analysis, gut microbiota correlated with disease severity, associated with treatment heterogeneity and transplant-free survival in patients with IPF.</p>","PeriodicalId":7664,"journal":{"name":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2455-2466"},"PeriodicalIF":21.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13624794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147969550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}