American Journal of Primatology最新文献

{"title":"Where and How: Stone Tool Sites of the Endangered Sapajus flavius in a Caatinga Environment in Northeastern Brazil","authors":"Maria Gabriella Rufino,&nbsp;José Jucimário da Silva,&nbsp;João Pedro Souza-Alves","doi":"10.1002/ajp.23705","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajp.23705","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The blonde capuchin monkey (<i>Sapajus flavius</i>) was, until a few years ago, an endemic primate of the Atlantic Forest. Today, populations inhabit the Caatinga dry forest and these have been documented using stone tools to access encased foods. It is important to know the distribution of these sites and the characteristics of the stone tools to inform conservation actions for this primate in the Caatinga. To this end, we identified and characterized stone tool sites used by a group of blonde capuchin monkeys in the Caatinga dry forest of northeastern Brazil. For 8 months, we walked two pre-existing trails to georeference the stone tool use sites, to measure the dimensions and weight of the anvils and hammerstones, and to identify the food items processed at the sites. A total of 215 anvils and 247 hammerstones were mapped. The anvils were significantly longer than the hammerstones, while there was no difference in width. Most food remains found on the anvils were old (<i>n</i> = 101; 91%). <i>Cnidoscolus quercifolius</i> (<i>n</i> = 85; 77.3%) and <i>Prunus dulcis</i> (<i>n</i> = 25; 22.7%) were most common among the plant species found on the anvils. The width, thickness, and weight of hammerstones used to crack fruits of <i>P. dulcis</i> were significantly greater than those used to crack <i>C. quercifolius</i>. These results should be used as a baseline for the development of conservation actions for the species and habitat.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142811770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obituary: Sally P. Mendoza","authors":"John P. Capitanio,&nbsp;Michael B. Hennessy","doi":"10.1002/ajp.23708","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajp.23708","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142811766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Age, Sex, and Season on Hematological Parameters in a Captive Population of Former Laboratory Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)","authors":"Barthélémy Ngoubangoye,&nbsp;Serge-Ely Dibakou,&nbsp;Désiré Otsaghe Ekore,&nbsp;Thierry Audrey Gaël Tsoumbou,&nbsp;Ivan Cyr Moussadji Kinga,&nbsp;Freddy Yanagha,&nbsp;Linaa Yasmine Okomo Nguema,&nbsp;Larson Boudenga,&nbsp;Dominique Pontier","doi":"10.1002/ajp.23703","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajp.23703","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to establish a baseline hematological profile and examine the influence of age, sex, and season on hematological parameters in captive chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>) living in a humid tropical climate. Hematological parameters are a useful tool for assessing health status and diagnosing diseases in animals. We analyzed 473 blood samples collected from 84 chimpanzees (43 females and 41 males) during annual health checks, conducted under anesthesia for a routine physical examination. The main findings revealed significant sex differences in some hematological parameters: males had higher hematocrit and red blood cell counts than females. Age-related variations have also been noted, with adolescents and adults having lower lymphocyte counts but higher neutrophil and monocyte counts than infants. Adults, in particular, had significantly lower platelet counts compared to other age classes. Seasonal fluctuations were also observed: lymphocyte counts were higher in the rainy season, while neutrophil counts were higher in the dry season. In addition, the general trends in hematological parameters for this captive population of chimpanzees were similar to those reported in captive chimpanzees living in the United States. These results should provide animal health professionals, particularly those working with nonhuman primates, with data to compare and interpret. They will help improve practices for monitoring and managing the health of nonhuman primates in captivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Route Planning Process by the Endangered Black Lion Tamarin in Different Environmental Contexts","authors":"Felipe Bufalo,&nbsp;Olivier Kaisin,&nbsp;Anne-Sophie de Almeida e Silva,&nbsp;Rodrigo Gonçalves Amaral,&nbsp;Yness Messaoudi,&nbsp;Mirela Alcolea,&nbsp;Eduardo M. Zanette,&nbsp;Gabriel Pavan Sabino,&nbsp;Luca Börger,&nbsp;Laurence Culot","doi":"10.1002/ajp.23702","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajp.23702","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Daily, primates take a variety of decisions to establish why, when, and where to move. However, little is known about the factors influencing and shaping primate daily routes. We investigated the decision-making processes linked to route planning in four groups of black lion tamarins (BLT—<i>Leontopithecus chrysopygus</i>). We studied these endangered platyrrhines within four distinct environmental contexts across their natural distribution (i.e., a continuous forest, a 500-ha forest fragment, a 100-ha forest fragment, and a riparian forest). We used the Change Point Test to identify the points of significant direction change (CPs), which can be considered travel goals along BLT daily trajectories and are key components of travel planning. Considering the high importance of fruits and gum in BLT's diet, we predicted that feeding trees would be the main factor shaping their paths (feeding CPs-FCPs). Also, given previous evidence that platyrrhines use landmarks (i.e., characteristic features from the terrain) as nodes in route network systems (i.e., points of intersection connecting habitual route segments), we expected part of CPs to be located close to the intersection points and to be associated with “locomotion” behavior (LCPs). Analyzing 61 daily paths in four forest fragments, our results showed that BLTs planned routes to reach feeding trees, which primarily determined path orientation. As hypothesized, locomotion was the most frequent behavior observed in CPs, but only in the continuous and riparian forests, with LCPs located as close to intersections as FCPs. Interestingly, these two areas presented the most extreme values (i.e., higher and lower values, respectively) in terms of used area, richness of resources and distances traveled between fruit-feeding trees. Our results suggest that BLTs plan daily routes conditional on the environmental context to reach travel goals, likely to maximize route efficiency to reach out of sight feeding trees.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142724768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatobiliary Platynosomosis in Black-Tufted Marmosets (Callithrix penicillata): A Lethal Threat for Wildlife and Captive Populations","authors":"Isabel Luana de Macêdo,&nbsp;Davi Emanuel Ribeiro de Sousa,&nbsp;Antonizete dos Reis Souza,&nbsp;Gabriela Rodrigues de Toledo Costa,&nbsp;Marcela Corrêa Scalon,&nbsp;Matheus Almeida Duarte,&nbsp;Giane Regina Paludo,&nbsp;Estevam Guilherme Lux Hoppe,&nbsp;Wilson Junior Oliveira,&nbsp;Pedro Henrique de Oliveira Passos,&nbsp;Alessandro Pecego Martins Romano,&nbsp;Eduardo Mauricio Mendes de Lima,&nbsp;Cristiano Barros de Melo,&nbsp;Márcio Botelho de Castro","doi":"10.1002/ajp.23701","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajp.23701","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Helminthic infections, particularly those caused by trematodes, pose a significant health risk to both animals and humans. This study investigates hepatobiliary platynosomosis (HP) caused by <i>Platynosomum illiciens</i> in black-tufted marmosets (<i>Callithrix penicillata</i>) in Central Brazil. Data were retrospectively collected from autopsy records at the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology and Forensics, University of Brasília, from January 2006 to July 2021. Epidemiological, clinical, and pathological information was analyzed, including comparisons between free-ranging and captive marmosets. A total of 1596 nonhuman primate (NHP) death records were examined, with black-tufted marmosets accounting for 75.6% (1206/1595) of autopsies. HP was identified in 10.8% (131/1206) of these cases. Captive marmosets showed a higher prevalence of HP (49.6%) than free-ranging ones (6.5%). This study revealed a significant seasonal trend, with higher HP prevalence observed during the wet season until the onset of the dry season. Pathological examinations revealed severe liver and bile duct damage in fatal HP cases, including fibrosis, bile duct thickening, and the presence of flukes. Captive marmosets exhibited pronounced clinical signs, such as weight loss and apathy. Morphological and molecular analysis of sampled flukes confirmed <i>P. illiciens</i> infecting the marmosets. These findings underscore the substantial impact of HP on marmoset populations, particularly in captive settings. The high lethality (58% overall; 81.6% in captivity) highlights the need for improved management and preventive measures in captive environments. This study contributes to understanding HP epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and pathological outcomes, underscoring the disease's significance for the health of both free-ranging and captive NHP populations. Our findings also support the need to develop targeted strategies to mitigate the impact of HP on primate species populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142708951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Analysis of the Carpal Tunnel and Its Inner Structures in Primates","authors":"Patrícia Rodríguez,&nbsp;Aroa Casado,&nbsp;Neus Ciurana,&nbsp;Marcel García,&nbsp;Francisco Pastor,&nbsp;Josep Maria Potau","doi":"10.1002/ajp.23700","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajp.23700","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To explore the anatomical factors potentially involved in the high incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome in humans, we have quantified the anatomical variations of the carpal tunnel and its inner structures in humans, non-hominoid primates (monkeys), and hominoid primates (apes). In specimens of six humans, eight monkeys, and three apes, we assessed the size of the carpal tunnel, the tendons of the digit flexor muscles, and the median nerve. We compared the size of the carpal tunnel normalized by the wrist size, and the size of the median nerve and the tendons of the digit flexors normalized by the size of the carpal tunnel. Differences between humans and monkeys were calculated using the <i>T</i> test or Mann–Whitney <i>U</i> test, as appropriate. Data on the apes were not included in the statistical analyses due to the small sample size. The normalized size of the carpal tunnel was similar in all specimens. The normalized size of the tendons of the digit flexors was smaller in humans, while that of the median nerve was significantly larger. The median nerve was also larger in apes than in monkeys. The relatively larger median nerve observed in humans could suggest a greater vulnerability of the nerve to compression, which could predispose humans to carpal tunnel syndrome. However, the tendons of the digit flexor muscles were smaller in humans, and moreover, the proportional size of the median nerve was similar in apes, leading us to suggest that the factors predisposing humans to carpal tunnel syndrome must be sought beyond anatomical features and may be more closely related to functional or personal parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajp.23700","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting a Stalker: The Effect of Body Posture, Gaze Direction, and Camouflage Pattern on Predator Detection","authors":"Pedro Z. de Moraes,&nbsp;Pedro Diniz,&nbsp;Daniel M. A. Pessoa","doi":"10.1002/ajp.23699","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajp.23699","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The success of a predatory attack is related to how much a predator manages to approach a prey without being detected. Some carnivore mammals use environmental objects (e.g., leaves and branches) as visual obstacles during stalking behavior, allowing them to expose only parts of their bodies while approaching and visual monitoring their prey. Here, we investigate the influence of carnivores’ body postures, gaze direction, and camouflage pattern on their detection by prey. To do so, we photographed taxidermized carnivore models (cougar, ocelot, and lesser grison) in their preserved natural habitats and presented these images to human dichromats (i.e., colourblinds) and trichromats (i.e., normal color vision). Our findings highlight the importance of body outline and gaze as search images during predator detection tasks. We also demonstrate that coat and facial color patterns can camouflage predator's body outline and gaze. This is the first behavioral evidence that the facial coloration of natural predators might mask their gaze to potential prey. Furthermore, we observed that carnivore coat color patterns may serve as an additional cue for trichromats, particularly in hidden carnivore detection tasks that proved to be more challenging for dichromats. Our results show possible strategies that evolved between predator and preys, in which prey make use of body outlines, gaze direction, and coat color to improve predator detection, while predators potentially evolved stalking behavior and body/gaze camouflage as counter strategies to cope with the improvements in prey's perception and conceal their presence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teeth Baring as a Model to Understand Complex Facial Signals in a Tolerant Macaque Species","authors":"Federico Fantoni,&nbsp;Veronica Maglieri,&nbsp;Nicolò Giusti,&nbsp;Chiara Scopa,&nbsp;Virginia Pallante,&nbsp;Antonio Lorenzo Loprete,&nbsp;Elisabetta Palagi","doi":"10.1002/ajp.23697","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajp.23697","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Facial communication regulates many aspects of social life in human and nonhuman primates. Empirically identifying distinct facial expressions and their underlying functions can help illuminate the evolution of species' communicative complexity. We focused on bared-teeth faces (BTFs), a highly versatile facial expression in the tolerant macaque <i>Macaca tonkeana</i>. By employing a diverse array of techniques (MaqFACS, unsupervised cluster analysis, Levenshtein distance, NetFACS), we quantitatively discriminated two distinct BTFs: bared-teeth (BT) and open mouth bared-teeth (OMBT), and evaluated their distribution across peaceful, playful, and agonistic contexts. Neither BT nor OMBT were context-specific, although BT frequently occurred during peaceful interactions and with low levels of stereotypy. OMBT was highly stereotyped during play, a context involving strong unpredictability. The presence of tongue-protrusion during OMBT was exclusive to peaceful contexts whereas the presence of glabella-lowering during BT and OMBT was specific to agonistic contexts. Hence, BT and OMBT per se are not context-specific, but their contextual relevance hinges on the inclusion of specific key elements. Moving forward, concurrent analyses of stereotypy and specificity should extend beyond our study to encompass other primate and non-primate species, facilitating direct comparisons and revealing how communicative and social complexity coevolve.</p>","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajp.23697","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stable Isotopes Analysis of Black Lion Tamarins Reveals Increasing Arthropod Consumption When Fruit Productivity Decreases in Forest Fragments","authors":"Amazone Raskin,&nbsp;Olivier Kaisin,&nbsp;Loïc N. Michel,&nbsp;Benjamin Lejeune,&nbsp;Gilles Lepoint,&nbsp;Rodrigo Gonçalves Amaral,&nbsp;Gabriel Pavan Sabino,&nbsp;Márcio Silva Araújo,&nbsp;Gabriela Cabral Rezende,&nbsp;Fany Brotcorne,&nbsp;Laurence Culot","doi":"10.1002/ajp.23698","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajp.23698","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Given the cryptic and elusive nature of prey consumption, quantifying its contribution to the diet of free-ranging primates using behavioral methods is challenging. In this context, the use of carbon and nitrogen-stable isotopes represents a promising alternative approach. Here, we used stable isotope analysis to estimate the proportion of arthropods and fruits in the diet of black lion tamarins (<i>Leontopithecus chrysopygus</i>), an endangered primate endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. To do so, we ran stable isotope mixing models using isotopic data from hair samples of black lion tamarins living in six forest fragments showing different levels of habitat quality. Furthermore, we ran linear mixed models to assess the influence of habitat quality—fruit productivity (estimated by tree total basal area) and arthropod biomass – and individual characteristics (sex and body mass) on tamarins' δ¹⁵N values (a proxy for trophic position). Our results revealed that arthropods contributed more to black lion tamarins' diet than reported in previous behavioral studies, suggesting that behavioral observations may considerably underestimate the importance of arthropodivory in the diet of arboreal primates. The degree of arthropodivory and frugivory was similar within groups, in line with the strong group cohesion and synchronization of feeding behaviors of this species and supporting the role of site-specific habitat characteristics on dietary choice. Arthropod consumption was higher in areas with lower fruit productivity and did not increase when arthropod biomass increased, suggesting that fruits represent a limiting but preferred resource for this species. These results demonstrate the dietary plasticity of black lion tamarins in areas of lower forest quality, where they manage to compensate low fruit productivity by shifting to a diet richer in arthropods. Considering that this species occurs within a highly fragmented landscape, preserving and protecting small forest patches remains crucial for the conservation of this species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142612278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Sampling Schedule on Assessment of Dietary Measures: Evidence From Blue Monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni)","authors":"Amanda Johnston,&nbsp;Marina Cords","doi":"10.1002/ajp.23696","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajp.23696","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Accurately assessing primate diets is important in studies of behavioral ecology and evolution. While previous research has compared sampling methods (scan, focal), we examined how sampling schedule influences accuracy of dietary measures. We define sampling schedule as the combined distribution (random vs. consecutive) and frequency of sampling days within a given month. Under field conditions, time may be required to locate a study group, and we therefore also subtracted 1, 2, or 3 h from the beginning of all non-consecutive days in each sampling schedule to mimic observation time lost to search. From a dense (near daily) 5-year record of feeding behavior derived from focal animal follows of adult females in five wild blue monkey (<i>Cercopithecus mitis</i>) groups, we created data subsets matching various sampling schedules, and compared monthly dietary measures calculated from each subset to those based on the full data set. These measures included (1) the proportion of observation time feeding on fruit, (2) diet composition (three top-ranked food items), (3) species richness of plant diet, (4) Shannon–Wiener diversity index based on plant species, and (5) Holmes–Pitelka index expressing dietary overlap with the previous month. We used generalized linear mixed models to assess how frequency and sampling type (a combination of distribution and hours lost) relate to a subset's deviation from the full data set, where a smaller deviation (or higher chance of matching, for diet composition) implies greater accuracy. For all dietary measures, increasing observation frequency increased accuracy. The response to distribution varied among measures, but sampling types generally differed more at lower frequencies. Deviation varied widely within and between dietary measures, and some sampling schedules resulted in values with large percentage differences from the “full” data. Accordingly, when designing and comparing studies, researchers should consider how sampling schedules may influence the accuracy of the dietary measures of interest.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142612289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}