American Journal of Primatology最新文献

Helminth Infections in Wild Golden Monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis kandti) in Rwanda. 卢旺达野生金丝猴的寄生虫感染。

IF 1.8 3区生物学

American Journal of Primatology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.70158

Amanda Johnston, Carine Uwamahoro, Alexandre Gategeko, Barbora Červená, Marina Cords

{"title":"Helminth Infections in Wild Golden Monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis kandti) in Rwanda.","authors":"Amanda Johnston, Carine Uwamahoro, Alexandre Gategeko, Barbora Červená, Marina Cords","doi":"10.1002/ajp.70158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.70158","url":null,"abstract":"Habitat loss is one of the greatest threats to extant primates, with effects that are immediate and time delayed. Identifying how habitat loss affects wildlife, particularly vulnerable populations, is important to understand the mechanisms that can lead to population decline. Golden monkeys are a subspecies of guenon with two extant populations: one larger (> 4000) on the Virunga Massif, and the other smaller (~200) in Gishwati Forest. Once connected, deforestation over five decades separated the forests of Volcanoes National Park (VNP) (on the Virunga Massif) and Gishwati Forest and decreased the total forest cover by 25 and 90 percent, respectively. It is likely that the golden monkey populations also decreased during that time. We examined how location (VNP vs Gishwati) and human contact (low vs. high) affected infection using records of parasites identified morphologically from feces. We assessed the effect of population or human contact (via crop foraging or distance to forest edge) and used a mixed model to explore if there was an interaction effect between population and human contact (i.e., distance to forest edge). Both populations had the same richness. Overall, the VNP monkeys had A higher prevalence of infection and higher rates of multiple infection and groups that foraged for crops or were near the forest edge had a higher prevalence of Capillaria infection. These results suggest that population density, forest edge permeability, and human presence outside the forest increase infection risk in golden monkeys. Further, they provide initial insights into parasite-based health risks for this endangered primate.","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"88 5","pages":"e70158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Human Five Factor Personality Model Is Not Appropriate for Describing Great Ape Personality. 人类五因素人格模型不适用于描述类人猿的人格。

IF 1.8 3区生物学

American Journal of Primatology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.70153

Michael Minkov

{"title":"The Human Five Factor Personality Model Is Not Appropriate for Describing Great Ape Personality.","authors":"Michael Minkov","doi":"10.1002/ajp.70153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.70153","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous studies suggest that human personality and great ape personality have a common structure that can be described through the human Five Factor (FFM)/Big Five model, оr some of its dimensions, albeit after some adaptations. I argue that such conclusions are unwarranted. First, the human FFM contains facets-such as aesthetics, ideas, values, modesty, dutifulness, deliberation, and more-that have not been convincingly detected in animals. Second, I show that great ape personality traits are not structured like their postulated human FFM/Big Five equivalents. Based on very relaxed criteria, the shared invariant structure (percentage of indicators with the highest loadings consistently on the same factor) in humans and great apes is just below half at best and often only about one-third. Great ape personality models are not structured equivalently either, suggesting that each species has its own personality structure. Even FFM/Big Five-based studies of the same species do not yield invariant models. Consequently, neither the whole human FFM/Big Five nor its dimensions separately are appropriate for nonhumans. I propose that personality comparisons across species can be made more judiciously by focusing on approximations of single and simple human FFM facets (rather than whole complex traits) whose rough equivalents have been confirmed across all great apes, and some prototypes of which have emerged even in studies of cephalopods. This approach could allow meaningful comparisons of personality across species.","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"88 5","pages":"e70153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human-Macaque Contact and Zoonotic Infections in Wild Taiwanese Macaques: Evidence From Southern Taiwan. 人类与猕猴的接触与野生台湾猕猴的人畜共患感染：来自台湾南部的证据。

IF 1.8 3区生物学

American Journal of Primatology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.70159

Hsiu-Hui Su, Yi-Yun Shi, Michael A Huffman, Chien-Cheng Chen

{"title":"Human-Macaque Contact and Zoonotic Infections in Wild Taiwanese Macaques: Evidence From Southern Taiwan.","authors":"Hsiu-Hui Su, Yi-Yun Shi, Michael A Huffman, Chien-Cheng Chen","doi":"10.1002/ajp.70159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.70159","url":null,"abstract":"Direct contact between humans and non-human primates is on the rise, bringing with it the risk of transmission of zoonotic pathogens in habitats with a high level of human-primate interactions. Given the threats to the health and well-being of both humans and non-human primates, more attention is needed to this topic. By comparing the infection status of zoonotic pathogens in primate populations with contrasting levels of human interaction, we can better understand the relationship between human-primate contact and the prevalence of pathogens. To this end, we collected fecal samples from two Taiwanese macaque (Macaca cyclopis) populations in southern Taiwan: Shoushan National Nature Park (Kaohsiung), characterized by extremely high human interface, and the Dahan Forest Trail (Pingtung), characterized by very low human interface. These samples were molecularly screened for Helicobacter pylori, four common pathogenic Campylobacter species, and four gastrointestinal zoonotic parasites (Strongyloides fuelleborni, Oesophagostomum aculeatum, Entamoeba coli, and Entamoeba chattoni). In both populations, the prevalence rates of H. pylori and the two amoebic protozoa were quite high (exceeding 70%), while Campylobacter and the two nematodes ranged between 10% and 20% of samples. The Shoushan high-interface macaques were infected with pathogenic Campylobacter coli (detected in four samples from that site), whereas a higher sample prevalence of Campylobacter (genus) and O. aculeatum was found in the low-interface Dahan population. Our findings highlight that even macaque groups with minimal human contact harbor significant zoonotic pathogens, whereas highly provisioned groups can acquire human-associated bacteria, underlining the importance of managing human-primate interactions to mitigate bidirectional disease transmission risks.","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"88 5","pages":"e70159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Engendering Species-Appropriate Exercise to Attenuate Sarcopenia in Laboratory-Housed Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis). 在实验室饲养的食蟹猕猴（Macaca fascicularis）中产生适合物种的运动以减轻肌肉减少症。

IF 1.8 3区生物学

American Journal of Primatology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.70160

Julian Ananyev, Bradley M Burgan, Noah A Rauscher, Todd M Myers

{"title":"Engendering Species-Appropriate Exercise to Attenuate Sarcopenia in Laboratory-Housed Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis).","authors":"Julian Ananyev, Bradley M Burgan, Noah A Rauscher, Todd M Myers","doi":"10.1002/ajp.70160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.70160","url":null,"abstract":"Sarcopenia is the decline in skeletal muscle mass and function with age and is observed in both humans and non-human primates. Sarcopenia progression in humans is highly correlated with various pathologies and mortality risks independent of other risk factors. Laboratory-housed non-human primates that do not engage in adequate physical activity are at higher risk of developing sarcopenia. We devised a simple behavioral task to enhance environmental enrichment and increase physical fitness. An aperture allowed vertical movement between two vertically mounted cages. Despite this arrangement, male cynomolgus macaques (approximately 13 years old) still spent the majority of time in the upper cage and were not very active. Therefore, we implemented a new behavioral method using sweetened liquid as a reinforcer. Monkeys could initiate each trial by pressing the touch screen in the upper cage which would light a large red button placed in the lower cage. Pressing the button resulted in immediate delivery of juice in the upper cage for 5 s; thus, the monkey was encouraged to rapidly ascend to the top cage to drink as much of the liquid reinforcer as possible. Increases in exercise behavior (measured via operant testing apparatus and real-time monitoring) and activity (measured via actigraphy monitors) suggest that this highly adaptable method successfully increases strenuous exercise and species-typical climbing behavior, and can potentially provide a novel means of measuring and promoting physical and psychological well-being, as well as potentially attenuating sarcopenia in laboratory-housed primates.","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"88 5","pages":"e70160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fungal Diversity and Potential Health Benefits of Mycophagy in Chacma Baboons (Papio ursinus) Chacma狒狒（Papio ursinus）的真菌多样性和潜在的健康益处。

IF 1.8 3区生物学

American Journal of Primatology Pub Date : 2026-04-12 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.70146

Margaret A. H. Bryer, Carla van Hasselt, Sophie E. Kurilla, Sky B. Beveridge, Hendri C. Coetzee, Kris H. Sabbi

{"title":"Fungal Diversity and Potential Health Benefits of Mycophagy in Chacma Baboons (Papio ursinus)","authors":"Margaret A. H. Bryer, Carla van Hasselt, Sophie E. Kurilla, Sky B. Beveridge, Hendri C. Coetzee, Kris H. Sabbi","doi":"10.1002/ajp.70146","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajp.70146","url":null,"abstract":"Humans have consumed mushrooms for food and medicine for thousands of years, yet mycophagy remains understudied among our closest relatives, the nonhuman primates. Some species of primates feature fungi prominently in their diets, in terms of food budget or fungal diversity. Most primate species, however, are observed feeding on a general category of mushrooms for a minority of time feeding and the level of detail in reporting varies widely. In this report, we address this gap, describing fungi eaten by free-ranging baboons (Papio ursinus) in Nature's Valley, South Africa. During routine behavioral observations between August 2023 and July 2025, baboons of multiple age/sex classes in Nature's Valley, South Africa, were recorded eating 13 different fungi. We identified 10 of these 13 fungi to the species level using their physical characteristics. We then assessed overlap with other reported fungal species eaten by primates as well as potential health and ecosystem implications of consumption of these fungi based on human and other mammalian mycophagy literature. Our findings suggest fungal consumption may be underestimated in some cases, but, more importantly, even when fungi are a small portion of the diet or consumed rarely, they may still play an important role that warrants deeper investigation.","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"88 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13071124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147669787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Insights Into Variations in the Gut Virome of Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana) Across Wild, Captive, and Semi-Provisioned Environments 西藏猕猴（Macaca thibetana）在野生、圈养和半供应环境中肠道病毒组的变化。

IF 1.8 3区生物学

American Journal of Primatology Pub Date : 2026-04-10 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.70148

Dongxin Yang, Chuanpeng Bao, Yingna Xia, Yue Ling, Fan Zhang, Ruiqi Ji, Jie Zhong, Tong Zhang, Hongwei Tian, Xiaojuan Xu, Binghua Sun

{"title":"Insights Into Variations in the Gut Virome of Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana) Across Wild, Captive, and Semi-Provisioned Environments","authors":"Dongxin Yang, Chuanpeng Bao, Yingna Xia, Yue Ling, Fan Zhang, Ruiqi Ji, Jie Zhong, Tong Zhang, Hongwei Tian, Xiaojuan Xu, Binghua Sun","doi":"10.1002/ajp.70148","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajp.70148","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 Viruses are integral components of the mammalian gut ecosystem, playing crucial roles in regulating the gut microbiome and maintaining host health. However, the impact of human activity on the gut virome of mammals remains poorly understood. This study investigated the gut viromes of Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana), a primate species endemic to China, under three distinct human-influenced environments (wild, semi-provisioned, and captive) using metagenomic sequencing. Our results revealed that semi-provisioned macaques supported the highest viral diversity, while captive and wild groups exhibited lower diversity, with distinct functional shifts among groups. Furthermore, the co-variation and highly coupled KEGG functional profiles between viral and bacterial communities suggest they function as an integrated synergistic network, where changes in one directly impact the metabolic output of the other. Co-occurrence network analysis further demonstrated that the virus-bacterium interaction network in the captive group was the most fragile, with a structure indicative of a high risk of micro-ecosystem imbalance. Microbial system imbalance is characterized by alterations in both community composition and function, resulting in diminished resilience and stability, which may ultimately compromise host intestinal health. Our results demonstrate that captivity and provisioning drive divergence in the Tibetan macaque gut virome. The fragile, skewed networks in captive individuals highlight a potential cost to microbial health, which may underlie broader health and adaptation risks such as heightened pathogen susceptibility and diminished capacity to cope with environmental perturbations. Thus, monitoring the virome offers a novel early-warning system, informing strategies to enhance welfare and conservation outcomes.</div>","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"88 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Motherhood and Sex Predict Emotional Reactivity During a Predator Confrontation in Two Macaque Species 母性和性别预测两种猕猴在与捕食者对抗时的情绪反应。

IF 1.8 3区生物学

American Journal of Primatology Pub Date : 2026-04-06 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.70143

Paula Escriche Chova, Debottam Bhattacharjee, Tim-Joshua Andres, Elisabeth H. M. Sterck, Anne Marijke Schel, Jorg J. M. Massen

{"title":"Motherhood and Sex Predict Emotional Reactivity During a Predator Confrontation in Two Macaque Species","authors":"Paula Escriche Chova, Debottam Bhattacharjee, Tim-Joshua Andres, Elisabeth H. M. Sterck, Anne Marijke Schel, Jorg J. M. Massen","doi":"10.1002/ajp.70143","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajp.70143","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how animal emotions influence behavior and physiology is essential to comprehend animals’ emotional responses and how these may differ between individuals. However, accurately assessing animal emotions is challenging due to their multifaceted nature and the need for multimodal approaches. This study investigates the effect of maternal status (mothers vs. females without dependent offspring), sex, and species on the emotional reactivity of two macaque species (long-tailed and rhesus macaques) confronted with a threatening situation. Using a non-invasive and multidimensional approach, we collected data on their behavior, facial temperature changes, and vocal reactivity during a predator exposure. We show that mothers produced a stronger initial physiological response, that is, a decrease in the nose tip temperature, whereas males and non-mothers showed a stronger behavioral response, with an increase in stress-related behaviors 10 min after exposure. Vocal behavior, however, did not differ across groups or species. Long-tailed macaques had a stronger initial physiological response and showed more stress-related behaviors at the beginning of the experiment than rhesus, while rhesus macaques showed more stress-related behaviors at the end. While mothers showed a stronger internal physiological response, non-mothers and males may be in a position to afford stronger behavioral reactions. Long-tailed macaques seem to respond faster to threats than rhesus macaques, which is in line with them being more vulnerable to predators. In conclusion, our study shows that emotional responses to a potential danger differ across maternal status, sex, and species, and concurrently highlights the importance of a multidimensional approach when studying such differences.","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"88 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajp.70143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147626851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to “Characterization of the Sweet Taste Receptor T1R2/T1R3 From Chimpanzee and Comparison With the Human T1R2/T1R3” 更正“黑猩猩甜味受体T1R2/T1R3的特性及与人类T1R2/T1R3的比较”。

IF 1.8 3区生物学

American Journal of Primatology Pub Date : 2026-04-04 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.70150

引用次数: 0

From Hotspots to Action: Spatial Risk and Habitat Priorities for Human–Macaque Coexistence in the Hindu Raj Mountains, Pakistan 从热点到行动：巴基斯坦兴都拉杰山脉人类与猕猴共存的空间风险和栖息地优先事项。

IF 1.8 3区生物学

American Journal of Primatology Pub Date : 2026-04-02 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.70145

Muhammad Rehan, Muhammad Kabir, Eve Bohnett, Jinhu Bian, Faizan Ahmad, Touseef Ahmad Khan, Ainong Li

{"title":"From Hotspots to Action: Spatial Risk and Habitat Priorities for Human–Macaque Coexistence in the Hindu Raj Mountains, Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Rehan, Muhammad Kabir, Eve Bohnett, Jinhu Bian, Faizan Ahmad, Touseef Ahmad Khan, Ainong Li","doi":"10.1002/ajp.70145","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajp.70145","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 Anthropogenic pressures and climate change increasingly threaten biodiversity hotspots, especially ecologically fragile and understudied mountainous regions. Understanding the spatial ecology of resident wildlife is essential for addressing the conservation challenges posed in such environments, particularly for lesser-studied primate species in Pakistan. The study area lies within rugged terrain, which is highly vulnerable to climate change. Here, we present the first integrated assessment of habitat suitability and the identification of conflict risk hotspots for the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) in the Hindu Raj Mountains of Swat, Pakistan. Species distribution modeling marked the key hotspot areas of suitable habitat and conflict-prone sites. The models achieved high predictive performance (habitat suitability model AUC = 0.96, TSS = 0.80; conflict model AUC = 0.93, TSS = 0.81). Annual mean temperature, temperature range, precipitation of the driest month, and forest cover were the strongest drivers of habitat suitability. Suitable habitat covered 1571 km² (29.3% of the study area), concentrated in mid-elevation forest-agriculture mosaics. Areas highly suitable for human–macaque conflict were primarily concentrated where suitable habitats overlapped with dense human presence, particularly in Matta (29.3% conflict-prone), Khwazakhela (24.2%), and Charbagh (18.5%). The global human modification index and proximity to human settlements were strong predictors of conflict risk. Our findings provide a spatially explicit framework for prioritizing conservation and management interventions. We highlight the need for eco-friendly, non-lethal preventive measures to promote sustainable human–macaque coexistence in the Hindu Raj Mountains.</div>","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"88 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147607751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Complex Substrates and Bedding for Environmental Enhancement and Research: Or, the Nature of Primates. 用于环境改善和研究的复杂基质和垫层：或者，灵长类动物的性质。

IF 1.8 3区生物学

American Journal of Primatology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.70149

Ken Sayers, Jaclyn Allen, Rita U Bellanca, Tara Brown, Kristine Coleman, Marissa Janavaris, Jessica H Khuu, Grace H Lee, Jaine E Perlman, Ori Pomerantz, Michele Rosga

{"title":"Complex Substrates and Bedding for Environmental Enhancement and Research: Or, the Nature of Primates.","authors":"Ken Sayers, Jaclyn Allen, Rita U Bellanca, Tara Brown, Kristine Coleman, Marissa Janavaris, Jessica H Khuu, Grace H Lee, Jaine E Perlman, Ori Pomerantz, Michele Rosga","doi":"10.1002/ajp.70149","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajp.70149","url":null,"abstract":"Complex substrates, including bedding, have generally been known to encourage nonhuman primate species-typical behaviors and have myriad uses in research, yet are still frequently resisted, especially in laboratory environments. Data show or suggest that complex substrates have the potential to address many primate biological proclivities-ecological and social-concurrently, and to a greater degree than is commonly appreciated. A literature review, along with an informal survey and focus group involving individuals at the National Primate Research Centers and affiliated institutions, provides logistical information relevant to the selection of substrates, their respective advantages and disadvantages, and strategies for successfully arguing for, implementing, or expanding their use. In addition, complex substrates have been utilized successfully in many lines of basic research, have the potential to contribute to others, and will likely improve the quality of primates as a research model. It is hoped that this review will encourage the increased utilization of bedding and other complex substrates in primate behavioral management and science.","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"88 4","pages":"e70149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13151943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147669789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0