American Journal of Primatology最新文献

{"title":"Changes in Grooming Networks Among Male Chimpanzees Preceding a Permanent Community Fission at Ngogo","authors":"David P. Watts","doi":"10.1002/ajp.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chimpanzees form social communities with memberships that change only with births, deaths, and female emigrations or immigrations and that are characterized by high fission-fusion dynamics. Relations between neighboring communities are intensely hostile, and males in the same community cooperate in potentially lethal intercommunity aggression. Permanent community fissions sometimes occur, but genetic data indicate that these are rare, and only a single case, from Gombe, had been known until recently. The unusually large Ngogo chimpanzee community in Kibale National Park, Uganda, observed continuously since 1995, underwent a gradual permanent fission during the 2010s that culminated in the inception of lethal intercommunity aggression in 2018. Males at Ngogo could be assigned to different socio-spatial neighborhoods based on association data before the permanent fission, but data on characteristics of grooming networks show that all belonged to a single community until around 2011. Subsequently, grooming networks showed clear differentiation between what became the Ngogo Central and Ngogo West communities. This preceded the first obvious behavioral signs of permanent fission. In principle, a model developed by Sueur et al. (2011; cf. Sueur and Maire 2014) to explain how increases in group size in papionin primates could lead to fracturing of female grooming networks and facilitate permanent fissions should apply to male chimpanzees, given the importance of male-male grooming for maintaining social bonds and cooperation in intergroup aggression. However, analysis of long-term data on male-male grooming indicates that increases in the number of females at Ngogo and variation in their residence decisions apparently had a greater effect on the dissolution of a community-wide male grooming network than did increases in the number of males. These results support the hypothesis that the main drover of the permanent fission was male reproductive competition, not constraints on the ability of males to maintain grooming networks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"87 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest Cover and Altitude Are Key to the Occurrence of Black-Fronted Titi Monkeys (Callicebus nigrifrons) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest","authors":"Aron Silvarolli Fernandes,&nbsp;Lisieux Fuzessy,&nbsp;Carla C. Gestich,&nbsp;Felipe Martello,&nbsp;Milton Cezar Ribeiro","doi":"10.1002/ajp.70079","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajp.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human activities are major threats to biodiversity, particularly for arboreal, forest-specialist species such as platyrrhine primates. Habitat loss and declines in vegetation quality negatively affect species' persistence in disturbed and human-modified landscapes. In this study, we evaluated the influence of landscape structure (forest cover and functional connectivity), vegetation quality and structure (EVI and canopy height), fire disturbance history (% burned area), and altitude on the occurrence of black-fronted titi monkeys (<i>Callicebus nigrifrons</i>) in the Cantareira-Mantiqueira Corridor, a region within the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot. We conducted playback surveys at 72 sites to detect the presence of the species. Using model selection approaches, we assessed the relative importance of environmental predictors on the species' occurrence. The best-supported model included forest cover (within a 250 m radius) and altitude, indicating that greater forest cover at higher elevations best explains the presence of black-fronted titi monkeys. Variables related to functional connectivity, vegetation quality and structure and fire disturbance history had secondary importance. Our findings underscore the critical importance of preserving and restoring forested areas, particularly mid-elevation ranges (500–1200 m). These regions face the most severe degradation, posing a significant threat to black-fronted titi monkeys, a species currently listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List. Our results align with previous studies showing positive associations between forest cover and the occurrence of congeneric species, reinforcing the urgent need for targeted conservation actions in increasingly degraded habitats.</p>","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"87 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajp.70079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145084666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Extended Lactation Nutritionally Important for the Weaning of Wild Toque Macaques, Macaca sinica? Evidence From Milk Composition","authors":"Wolfgang P. J. Dittus,&nbsp;Sara E. Childs-Sanford,&nbsp;Lalith H. Jayawickrama,&nbsp;Olav T. Oftedal","doi":"10.1002/ajp.70078","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajp.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>Successful lactation is important to offspring survival in wild primates, both during infancy and the transition of weaning. We examined changes in the composition of milk of wild toque macaques to assess its nutritional role both during primary lactation (&lt; 7 mo) and subsequent infant care. We collected 72 milk samples from wild toque macaques (<i>Macaca sinica</i>) in Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka, up to an infant age (iAge) of 2.2 y and assayed them by standard methods as developed at the Smithsonian's National Zoo. During the first 7 mo <i>M. sinica</i> milk contained on average 86.1% water, 13.9% dry matter, 4.25% fat, 1.62% protein, 7.84% sugar, 0.792 kcal/g energy, 0.083% calcium, 0.026% phosphorus, 0.012% magnesium, 3.32 ppm zinc, 18.1 mM/kg H₂O sodium, 4.01 mM/kg H₂O potassium and 16.2 mM/kg H₂O chloride. Dry matter, fat, and energy increased significantly during this period, but much greater changes were observed in these and other constituents (including protein, phosphorus, and zinc) during the subsequent supplemental lactation period. The average water (74.0%), and sugar (6.31%) decreased, whereas dry matter (26.0%), fat (15.9%), protein (3.8%), energy (1.91 kcal/g), phosphorus (0.050%) and zinc (11.9 ppm) concentrations of <i>M</i>. <i>sinica</i> milk during the supplemental period are higher than any prior reported values for primate milks. As infants aged and transitioned to independent feeding the nutrient composition of milk changed by reducing water and sugar that older nursing offspring obtained progressively more from water and fruit in the environment, rather than from milk. We hypothesize that this switch in sourcing water and sugar conserves maternal energy, nutrient balance, and fitness. Notwithstanding, supplemental lactation continued to provide other nutrients (including fat, protein, energy, P, and Zn) that may serve an important nutritional/developmental function over and above maintenance of maternal-infant bonds, at least in wild primates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"87 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145068844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population Dynamics of a Lion-Tailed Macaque (Macaca silenus) Population in a Rainforest Fragment in the Southern Western Ghats of India","authors":"Ashni Kumar Dhawale,&nbsp;Anindya Sinha","doi":"10.1002/ajp.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Demographic analysis is often used for the effective management of wildlife, especially for species facing human-caused disturbances to their habitat, such as habitat fragmentation. The objective of this long-term study was, therefore, to gain insights into the status of a lion-tailed macaque (<i>Macaca silenus</i>) population, inhabiting the Puthuthottam estate near Valparai in the Western Ghats of southwestern India, by documenting demographic factors, such as group numbers, group size and age/sex composition, as well as estimating growth, birth, and mortality rates. We documented the demography of five resident groups of this species, comprising 5% of the remaining wild lion-tailed macaque populations. In this paper, we present a demographic history of the Puthuthottam population through comparisons with studies conducted by various research groups, beginning in the 1970s, and report a five-fold increase in population size over a period of four decades. Using Generalized Linear Mixed Models, we analyze and discuss the effects of population demographic parameters on birth rates, including a moderately reduced growth- and birth rate, as compared to previous records for the population. The most frequent contributor to mortality, especially of the vulnerable juvenile age class, was found to be roadkill deaths, followed by other anthropogenic causes, including electrocution on exposed electric lines. We also report a shift in the social system, pervasive across this population, from unimale–multifemale to multimale–multifemale social groups. We strongly believe that the observed drastic alterations to the socioecological profile of the study population, as a result of habitat fragmentation and increased utilization of human habitats, have major implications for the long-term survivability of this macaque population. We hope the information presented in this paper will aid in the effective management of the remaining lion-tailed macaque populations across their distribution range, particularly as they become increasingly exposed to human-altered habitats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"87 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal Learning Has an Impact on Conservation Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavioral Intentions Towards Spider Monkeys in Mayan Children From Punta Laguna, Yucatán","authors":"Miquel Llorente,&nbsp;Paula Villariezo,&nbsp;Federica Amici","doi":"10.1002/ajp.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conservation education activities employing multimodal knowledge transmission, including art-based workshops, are a multidisciplinary tool that can be used to raise awareness of the natural environment in which we live. In this study, we implemented a conservation education workshop that combined different forms of knowledge transmission, to promote pro-environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions towards spider monkeys and their ecosystem, among 5- to 16-year-old students in a rural school in a Mayan community in Mexico (<i>N</i> = 27). The aim of the study was to (i) develop and implement a workshop tailored to the cultural context of Maya children in México, incorporating artistic activities and multimodal learning approaches, and (ii) evaluate its effectiveness by monitoring changes in participants' knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions towards spider monkeys and their ecosystem. Our findings indicate overall increases in conservation-oriented knowledge and behavioral intentions following the workshop, with more pronounced gains in knowledge among girls and in behavioral intentions among older children. Attitudes toward spider monkeys were already high before the intervention and showed a small but statistically significant increase afterward. Children's drawings reflected increased references to morphological and ecological traits, although aspects related to social behavior and human-monkey interactions were less represented. These outcomes suggest that short-term, culturally embedded and multimodal educational interventions may promote conservation learning in rural communities, though some effects may be constrained by ceiling effects and topic complexity. Future research should explore the durability of these changes over time, the specific drivers of pre-existing pro-environmental attitudes, and the impact of prior familiarity and cultural context on learning outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"87 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajp.70076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative Aspects of Seed Dispersal Effectiveness by Mantled Howler Monkeys (Alouatta palliata mexicana): The Case of Three Species of the Moraceae Family","authors":"Daniela Alicia Torres-Anaya,&nbsp;Roger Guevara,&nbsp;Wesley Dáttilo,&nbsp;Laura Teresa Hernandez,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Serio-Silva","doi":"10.1002/ajp.70077","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajp.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Howler monkeys are considered high-quality seed dispersers; however, the changes that seeds undergo after passing through their digestive tract, which influence their germination capacity, are still unknown. In this study, we assessed whether the consumption of seeds from three species of the Moraceae family by mantled howler monkeys results in seed coat scarification, and whether this treatment enhances their permeability to water and germination rate. Using seeds from fruits, we induced chemical scarification of their outer coat, and with these, intact seeds and seeds found in droppings, we conducted micromorphological analyses, water permeability tests and germination assays. We observed that the passage of seeds through the digestive tract of mantled howler monkeys did not scarify their outer coat, nor did it enhance their water absorption capacity. There was both a positive and negative effect on the germination of <i>Ficus americana</i> and <i>Ficus insipida</i> seeds, respectively. Chemical scarification of the seeds, although it reduced their coat thickness, did not increase water permeability, significantly decreased their viability, and prevented germination. These results suggest that, in the case of small seeds, scarification is not a relevant treatment for germination and may, in fact, be unfavorable. Therefore, the importance of seed consumption by mantled howler monkeys, and other frugivores, may lie in the removal of pulp in terms of the facilitation of germination. Thus, by moving, releasing and cleaning the seeds, these animals may increase the probability that they will encounter adequate environmental conditions for germination and establishment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"87 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vocal Repertoire of Free-Ranging Infant and Yearling Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana)","authors":"Hong-Wei Tian,&nbsp;Xue Chen,&nbsp;Shen-Qi Liu,&nbsp;Shi-Wang Chen,&nbsp;Peng-Lai Fan,&nbsp;Dong-Po Xia","doi":"10.1002/ajp.70073","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajp.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vocal signals are the primary means of communication for most nonhuman primates. Quantitatively describing the vocal repertoire of specific species at specific age stages is a crucial step in studying their vocal communication, and it also provides a foundation for understanding the development and use of primate vocal signals. This study is the first attempt to establish a vocal repertoire for wild infant Tibetan macaques based on quantitative methods. We conducted continuous 5-month tracking observations on 18 wild Tibetan macaques aged 0–24 months living in the Yulinkeng A1 group (YA1 group) of the Wild Monkey Valley in Huangshan, collecting a total of 6667 vocal samples and defining common vocalization contexts in 8 categories. Through the quantitative analysis of 41 main acoustic parameters in 557 high-quality samples, we ultimately identified 10 call types (coo, loud coo, modulated tonal scream, whistle, bark, three-syllable chuck, rattle, squeal, noisy scream, and undulated scream). Four call types (three-syllable chuck, squeal, noisy scream, and undulated scream) were no longer used as the monkeys reached 14 months of age. Compared with adult individuals, there are three specific call types in the infant stage (three-syllable chuck, rattle, and undulated scream). Additionally, the vocalizations we collected from infant and yearling monkeys were mainly related to their communication with their mothers. Our study fills a gap in knowledge of the vocal behaviors of Tibetan macaques, particularly those of infants, and provides foundational data for the study of vocal development in Tibetan macaques. It also offers new perspectives on the evolution of primate vocal communication.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"87 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absence of Blood Chimerism in Twin Goeldi's Monkeys (Callimico goeldii): Implications for Interpreting Callitrichid Phylogeny","authors":"Gustl Anzenberger,&nbsp;Mark Warneke,&nbsp;Esther N. Signer","doi":"10.1002/ajp.70071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Goeldi's monkey (<i>Callimico goeldii</i>, the lone species in this genus) shows an array of characteristics that are typical for both New World primate families, the Cebidae and the Callitrichidae, and as such their taxonomic classification has remained in question. Based on DNA, the genus <i>Callimico</i> is regarded as a member of the monophyletic group of clawed New World monkeys (Callitrichidae). Callitrichids, as a rule, give birth to twins, which are blood chimeras due to placental blood vessel anastomoses. In contrast, wild and captive <i>Callimico</i> almost exclusively have singleton births, as in all cebids. To address whether <i>Callimico</i> shares chimeric twinning with other callitrichids, we did DNA profiling of the only presently available twin pair of captive <i>Callimico</i>. DNA banding patterns revealed distinct differences between the twins, indicating an absence of blood chimerism. We infer that predominantly single birth in <i>Callimico</i> most likely represents a derived state that evolved independently in this genus, rather than the ancestral callitrichid condition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"87 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slowly but Surely: Larger Brains Improve Immature Survival in Primates","authors":"Zitan Song,&nbsp;Carel P. van Schaik","doi":"10.1002/ajp.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The high energy costs of brains suggest that a species' current brain size is adaptive. However, although the comparative data for mammals suggest a positive effect on fitness in larger-brained species because of higher adult survival and thus longer lifespan, it also reveals two negative effects, namely later age at first reproduction owing to slower development and a tendency towards reduced reproductive allocation owing to larger newborns. Here we suggest that what is missing is the positive impact of brain size on immature survival, causally linked to greater parental investment in larger-brained species. Using long-term demographic data on natural populations of 18 primate species, we find a strong positive brain size effect on immature survival, which is already apparent during the first year. We suggest this effect is caused by parental protection and provisioning, allowing young to survive better and mature slowly but surely. This survival effect may well be the strongest adaptive benefit of increased brain size. It remains unknown to what extent this effect generalizes to non-primates.</p>","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"87 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajp.70072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144918765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ontogeny of “Twitter” Calls in White-Faced Capuchins (Cebus imitator): Usage, Context, and Acoustic Structure","authors":"Nicole Guisneuf,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Ordoñez,&nbsp;Marcela E. Benítez,&nbsp;Thore J. Bergman","doi":"10.1002/ajp.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In stark contrast to our own highly plastic communicative abilities, nonhuman primate vocalizations were historically considered fixed and innate, with very little ability to learn or modify vocal signals. However, recent studies indicate that primate vocalizations do show evidence of developmental plasticity, most notably in their context and usage. We build on these studies by investigating developmental changes in one of the most common calls of white-faced capuchins (<i>Cebus imitator</i>), the twitter. Specifically, we examined the behavioral context around twitter vocalizations in a wild population of white-faced capuchins in the Taboga Forest Reserve, Costa Rica. We analyzed the use of twitters in relation to behavioral state (social, foraging, travel, or resting), immediate context (approaching and leaving others), and specific social behaviors (grooming and aggression). Immatures (infants and juveniles) twitter primarily in a social state, while adults twitter primarily in a foraging state. The twitters produced by immatures were more closely associated with approaching other group members within 1 m, compared to adults. This contextual shift with development from social to foraging prompted us to also look for corresponding acoustic changes. However, the acoustic properties of twitters were not related to context or age, with the one exception that adult twitters were longer than those from immatures. Overall, our results suggest that the twitter is a call with multiple functions, with a shift in usage from social to foraging contexts across development. This adds to the growing evidence of flexibility and learning in primate vocal communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"87 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajp.70069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144897646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}