缓慢但肯定:更大的大脑提高灵长类动物的未成熟存活率

IF 1.8 3区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY
Zitan Song, Carel P. van Schaik
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引用次数: 0

摘要

大脑的高能量消耗表明,一个物种目前的大脑大小是适应性的。然而,尽管对哺乳动物的比较数据表明,脑容量较大的物种由于成年后存活率更高,因而寿命更长,因此对适应性有积极影响,但它也揭示了两个负面影响,即由于发育较慢而导致首次生殖年龄较晚,以及由于新生儿较大而导致生殖分配减少的趋势。在这里,我们认为缺失的是大脑大小对未成熟生存的积极影响,这与大脑较大的物种的亲代投资更多有因果关系。利用18种灵长类动物自然种群的长期人口统计数据,我们发现大脑大小对未成熟的存活率有很强的积极影响,这在第一年就已经很明显了。我们认为这种影响是由父母的保护和供给造成的,这使得幼崽能够更好地生存并缓慢而稳定地成熟。这种生存效应很可能是大脑体积增大带来的最大适应性好处。目前尚不清楚这种效应在多大程度上适用于非灵长类动物。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Slowly but Surely: Larger Brains Improve Immature Survival in Primates

Slowly but Surely: Larger Brains Improve Immature Survival in Primates

The high energy costs of brains suggest that a species' current brain size is adaptive. However, although the comparative data for mammals suggest a positive effect on fitness in larger-brained species because of higher adult survival and thus longer lifespan, it also reveals two negative effects, namely later age at first reproduction owing to slower development and a tendency towards reduced reproductive allocation owing to larger newborns. Here we suggest that what is missing is the positive impact of brain size on immature survival, causally linked to greater parental investment in larger-brained species. Using long-term demographic data on natural populations of 18 primate species, we find a strong positive brain size effect on immature survival, which is already apparent during the first year. We suggest this effect is caused by parental protection and provisioning, allowing young to survive better and mature slowly but surely. This survival effect may well be the strongest adaptive benefit of increased brain size. It remains unknown to what extent this effect generalizes to non-primates.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
8.30%
发文量
103
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The objective of the American Journal of Primatology is to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas and findings among primatologists and to convey our increasing understanding of this order of animals to specialists and interested readers alike. Primatology is an unusual science in that its practitioners work in a wide variety of departments and institutions, live in countries throughout the world, and carry out a vast range of research procedures. Whether we are anthropologists, psychologists, biologists, or medical researchers, whether we live in Japan, Kenya, Brazil, or the United States, whether we conduct naturalistic observations in the field or experiments in the lab, we are united in our goal of better understanding primates. Our studies of nonhuman primates are of interest to scientists in many other disciplines ranging from entomology to sociology.
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