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Cluster Analysis of Personal Questionnaires Compared with Principal Component Analysis 个人问卷聚类分析与主成分分析的比较
The British journal of social and clinical psychology Pub Date : 1974-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00121.X
E. E. Rump
{"title":"Cluster Analysis of Personal Questionnaires Compared with Principal Component Analysis","authors":"E. E. Rump","doi":"10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00121.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00121.X","url":null,"abstract":"When intensity levels for several symptoms are obtained by use of a personal questionnaire on a series of occasions, it is convenient to reduce the scores to a smaller set of variables by grouping symptoms. Elementary cluster analysis is suitable for this purpose, in that cluster scores are easily calculated, and their interpretation is directly meaningful in relation to the patient's progress. The advantages of cluster analysis are illustrated in comparison with the principal component analysis recommended by Slater.","PeriodicalId":76614,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of social and clinical psychology","volume":"45 1","pages":"283-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87282485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Cognitive-Developmental Factors in Children's Generosity 儿童慷慨行为的认知发展因素
The British journal of social and clinical psychology Pub Date : 1974-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00120.X
NICHOLAS P. Emler, J. Rushton
{"title":"Cognitive-Developmental Factors in Children's Generosity","authors":"NICHOLAS P. Emler, J. Rushton","doi":"10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00120.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00120.X","url":null,"abstract":"A factorial design was employed to examine the relationship of role-taking and moral judgement abilities to generosity, both as direct influences and in terms of their roles in mediating the impact of relevant situational influences. Sixty children, aged 7–13 yr., performed two role-taking tasks and two tasks designed to assess concepts of distributive justice. Generosity was observed under one of two conditions, one intended to stimulate sympathy for a potential recipient of charity, one neutral in emphasis. Moral judgement ability as measured was significantly related to generosity but no direct relationship between role-taking and generosity was found. The results also revealed no interactions between the situational and developmental variables. The findings were interpreted as suggesting that age-related changes in generosity may be attributable to developmental transformations in moral judgement and further that generosity for this age group is primarily a normative and not a sympathetic response.","PeriodicalId":76614,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of social and clinical psychology","volume":"36 1","pages":"277-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88581083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 62
Fear of Failure in Group Risk‐taking 在集体冒险中害怕失败
The British journal of social and clinical psychology Pub Date : 1974-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00099.X
J. Hartnett, R. M. Barber
{"title":"Fear of Failure in Group Risk‐taking","authors":"J. Hartnett, R. M. Barber","doi":"10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00099.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00099.X","url":null,"abstract":"High-school students were administered items from the CDQ (Choice Dilemmas Questionnaire) under success-orientated or failure-orientated instructions. A control group of college subjects was administered the usual success-orientated instructions. Subjects in the failure-orientated condition were significantly more risky in their decisions than subjects in the success-orientated condition, indicating that ‘fear of failure’ in decisions involving risk results in high-risk decisions. A risky shift was not found in any of the conditions, although subjects in both success conditions perceived themselves as more risky than their peers.","PeriodicalId":76614,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of social and clinical psychology","volume":"46 1","pages":"125-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85980933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Reply to Turner and Seviç 回复特纳和Seviç
The British journal of social and clinical psychology Pub Date : 1974-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00112.X
G. A. Brown
{"title":"A Reply to Turner and Seviç","authors":"G. A. Brown","doi":"10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00112.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00112.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76614,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of social and clinical psychology","volume":"5 1","pages":"217-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82194867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Importance of Instructions in Assessing Sequential Effects in Impression Formation 指示在评价印象形成的顺序效应中的重要性
The British journal of social and clinical psychology Pub Date : 1974-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00102.X
C. Leach
{"title":"The Importance of Instructions in Assessing Sequential Effects in Impression Formation","authors":"C. Leach","doi":"10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00102.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00102.X","url":null,"abstract":"Sequential effects in impression formation have frequently been investigated by presenting subjects with conflicting descriptions of a person's behaviour. A recency effect is commonly found using this type of material when the subject's impression is measured after each component of the description is presented. This paper describes an experiment in which the recency effect is shown to be the result of inadequate instructions. With standard instructions, subjects view the conflicting components of a description as being independent and referring to different people; they therefore only report their impression based on the immediately preceding component and a recency effect is obtained. When the instructions stress that the two parts of the description refer to the same person, the recency effect disappears and most subjects attempt to form an integrated impression of the person.","PeriodicalId":76614,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of social and clinical psychology","volume":"191 1","pages":"151-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77758446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Quality Professionals: Does Training Make a Difference? A Personal Construct Theory Study of the Issue 高质量专业人员:培训有效果吗?个人构念理论问题研究
The British journal of social and clinical psychology Pub Date : 1974-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00106.X
M. Lifshitz
{"title":"Quality Professionals: Does Training Make a Difference? A Personal Construct Theory Study of the Issue","authors":"M. Lifshitz","doi":"10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00106.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00106.X","url":null,"abstract":"A shortened group form of the Construct Repertory Test was used to study common characteristics and changes that take place in outlook during training. The personal perceptions and attitudes of a group of good social-work students, as compared to their older and more experienced supervisors, were studied in a design based on Kelly's Personal Construct theory (1955). Significant differences (P < 0.01) were found between the superordinate constructs of the two groups. The student group used most often concrete descriptive categories, such as age, sex and profession. Primary figures, such as father, mate or best same-sex friend, were the most influential in their construing process. The constructs of their supervisors showed a more abstract ability of concern with themselves, others and their task. Their concepts centred on the professional ideal and revealed an internalization of cherished values. The study suggests a developmental pattern of concept internalization, from the more concrete to the more abstract, from leaning on immediate external cues to relying on oneself and aspiring for professional ideals. This change is consistent with the goal of academic training in social work.","PeriodicalId":76614,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of social and clinical psychology","volume":"78 1","pages":"183-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86060454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
The Measurement of Mutual Conformity in a Dyadic Situation 二元情境中相互一致性的测量
The British journal of social and clinical psychology Pub Date : 1974-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00110.X
P. Delin, Kee Poo‐Kong
{"title":"The Measurement of Mutual Conformity in a Dyadic Situation","authors":"P. Delin, Kee Poo‐Kong","doi":"10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00110.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00110.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76614,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of social and clinical psychology","volume":"87 1","pages":"211-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73000792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Interaction amongst British and Immigrant Children: a Methodological Note 英国和移民儿童之间的互动:方法说明
The British journal of social and clinical psychology Pub Date : 1974-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00111.X
C. Turner, M. Sevinç
{"title":"Interaction amongst British and Immigrant Children: a Methodological Note","authors":"C. Turner, M. Sevinç","doi":"10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00111.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00111.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76614,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of social and clinical psychology","volume":"101 1","pages":"215-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82127902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Changes in Locus of Control as a Function of Value Modification 作为价值修正函数的控制点变化
The British journal of social and clinical psychology Pub Date : 1974-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00101.X
P. N. Hamid, B. Flay
{"title":"Changes in Locus of Control as a Function of Value Modification","authors":"P. N. Hamid, B. Flay","doi":"10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00101.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00101.X","url":null,"abstract":"In terms of balance theory formulations, and on the basis of previous findings with the IE scale, it was hypothesized that Externals would show an increase in the importance of certain values after being made aware of inconsistencies already existing within the value system (Rokeach effect) significantly more than Internals. Further, it was hypothesized that Internals would change in the opposite direction, though to a lesser degree. The hypotheses were not supported, but instead it was found that those subjects who showed the Rokeach effect also showed a change in their IE score, becoming more External, and that those subjects who changed in the opposite direction became more Internal. The implications of this finding for the Internal-External locus of control construct are discussed.","PeriodicalId":76614,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of social and clinical psychology","volume":"14 1","pages":"143-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84319757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Judgements of People and Their Rooms 人的判断和他们的房间
The British journal of social and clinical psychology Pub Date : 1974-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00097.X
D. Canter, S. West, R. Wools
{"title":"Judgements of People and Their Rooms","authors":"D. Canter, S. West, R. Wools","doi":"10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00097.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.2044-8260.1974.TB00097.X","url":null,"abstract":"It is hypothesized that inference rules operate which assume similarity between people and their physical surroundings. The first experiment described used line-drawings of rooms containing seated figures. Ratings of the rooms and separate ratings of the people who it was assumed used those rooms were made. The second experiment used colour slides of actual rooms and ratings were made both by architecture and by non-architecture students. The third experiment used head and shoulder photographs of people superimposed upon a variety of room backgrounds. In all three experiments significant relationships were found between rooms and judgements of the people associated with them, thus supporting the general hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":76614,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of social and clinical psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"113-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89972970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
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