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The British journal of social and clinical psychology最新文献

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When existence is not futile: The influence of mortality salience on the longer-is-better effect. 当存在不是徒劳的时候:死亡率的显著性对寿命越长越好的影响。
The British journal of social and clinical psychology Pub Date : 2016-04-04 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12143
Simon McCabe, Melissa Spina, Jamie Arndt
{"title":"When existence is not futile: The influence of mortality salience on the longer-is-better effect.","authors":"Simon McCabe, Melissa Spina, Jamie Arndt","doi":"10.1111/bjso.12143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12143","url":null,"abstract":"This research examines how death reminders impact the valuation of objects of various ages. Building from the existence bias, the longer-is-better effect posits that which exists is good and that which has existed for longer is better. Integrating terror management theory, it was reasoned that mortality reminders fostering a motivation to at least symbolically transcend death would lead participants to evaluate older object more positively as they signal robustness of existence. Participants were reminded of death (vs. control) and evaluated new, 20-, or 100-year-old objects. Results indicated death reminders resulted in greater valuation of older objects. Findings are discussed with implications for terror management theory, the longer-is-better effect, ageism, materialism, and consumer behaviour.","PeriodicalId":76614,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of social and clinical psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"600-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91121973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Testing the role of action and inaction anticipated regret on intentions and behaviour. 测试行动和不作为的作用预期了对意图和行为的后悔。
The British journal of social and clinical psychology Pub Date : 2016-03-25 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12141
Tracy Sandberg, R. Hutter, J. Richetin, M. Conner
{"title":"Testing the role of action and inaction anticipated regret on intentions and behaviour.","authors":"Tracy Sandberg, R. Hutter, J. Richetin, M. Conner","doi":"10.1111/bjso.12141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12141","url":null,"abstract":"Anticipated regret (AR) has been suggested as a useful addition to the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) that captures affective influences. However, previous research has generally (1) assessed the impact of AR in relation to one behaviour (action or inaction) when considering TPB variables in relation to the alternative behaviour, (2) not controlled for affective attitudes or past behaviour, and (3) examined only one or two behaviours. In two studies across several behaviours, the present research showed that even when controlling for affective attitudes, past behaviour, and other TPB variables towards action, action and inaction AR each added to the prediction of intentions across multiple behaviours. The two studies also showed that inaction regret was generally the stronger predictor, although action regret was important for some types of behaviour. Implications and issues for further research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":76614,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of social and clinical psychology","volume":"104 1","pages":"407-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89708160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 39
Oh dear, what can the matter be? A commentary on Pratto's 'On power and empowerment'. 哦，天哪，这是怎么回事?评评普拉托的《论权力与授权》。
The British journal of social and clinical psychology Pub Date : 2016-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12136
S. Reicher
{"title":"Oh dear, what can the matter be? A commentary on Pratto's 'On power and empowerment'.","authors":"S. Reicher","doi":"10.1111/bjso.12136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12136","url":null,"abstract":"In this response, I welcome Pratto's wide ranging and innovative contribution on the social psychology of power. It fulfils an important role in opening up debate around an issue of key importance for our discipline. At the same time (and to further that debate), I take issue with both of her core arguments: First, that power should not be seen as relational but rather about one's ability to reach one's desired ends and, second, that these ends are ultimately about survival. More fundamentally, though, I argue that Pratto's analysis is limited by the fact that she takes the subject of power for granted. This ignores a wealth of research which shows, on the one hand, how power constitutes the nature of subjects and, on the other, how subjects (especially collective subjects - groups) constitute power. It is through exploring these dynamics that we can understand power and its relevance to social life.","PeriodicalId":76614,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of social and clinical psychology","volume":"28 1","pages":"21-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84153419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Emotional contagion of anger is automatic: An evolutionary explanation. 愤怒的情绪传染是自动的:一个进化的解释。
The British journal of social and clinical psychology Pub Date : 2016-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12134
J. Kelly, N. Iannone, Megan K. McCarty
{"title":"Emotional contagion of anger is automatic: An evolutionary explanation.","authors":"J. Kelly, N. Iannone, Megan K. McCarty","doi":"10.1111/bjso.12134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12134","url":null,"abstract":"Emotional contagion--the transfer of emotions between people--is thought to occur automatically. We test the prediction, based on evolutionary psychology, that negative, threat-related emotions transfer more automatically than positive emotions. We introduce a new paradigm for investigating emotional contagion where participants are exposed to videos of faces that morph from neutral to angry or happy expressions. Participants watched these videos under high or low cognitive load. Participants reported more happiness in the happy condition than the anger condition and more anger in the anger condition than the happy condition, supporting our new paradigm. Participants in the happy condition were significantly happier under low compared with high load. Participants were equally angry in high and low load conditions.","PeriodicalId":76614,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of social and clinical psychology","volume":"36 1","pages":"182-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74319197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 46
On power and empowerment. 关于权力和授权。
The British journal of social and clinical psychology Pub Date : 2016-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12135
F. Pratto
{"title":"On power and empowerment.","authors":"F. Pratto","doi":"10.1111/bjso.12135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12135","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a conceptual analysis of social power. The most common theories of power are social-relational, an approach instantiated in a range of contemporary experiments that give participants the chance to control other people's outcomes. The relational approach is also reflected in various analyses of international relations. In comparing and contrasting relational theories of power, I identify logical inconsistencies and shortcomings in their ability to address empowerment and reductions in inequality. In turn, I propose a new ecological conceptualization of empowerment as the state of being able to achieve one's goals and of power as stemming from a combination of the capacity of the party and the affordances of the environment. I explain how this new conceptualization can describe the main kinds of power social relations, avoid logical contradictions, and moreover, distinguish power from agency and from control. This new conceptualization of power as the possibility of meeting goals, coupled with recognizing survival as the fundamental goal of all living things, implies an absolute and not relative or relational standard for power, namely well-being. It also allows us to conceive of power in ways that help address the many social concerns that have motivated research on power.","PeriodicalId":76614,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of social and clinical psychology","volume":"57 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85660814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 136
What the subjects have to say. 受试者要说什么。
The British journal of social and clinical psychology Pub Date : 1985-11-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.2044-8309.1985.TB00692.X
Marilyn Aitkenhead, Jackie Dordoy
{"title":"What the subjects have to say.","authors":"Marilyn Aitkenhead, Jackie Dordoy","doi":"10.1111/J.2044-8309.1985.TB00692.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.2044-8309.1985.TB00692.X","url":null,"abstract":"It is argued that if professional codes of ethics are to be effective in preventing unethical actions by psychologists, they should be partly based upon empirical research documenting how participants in our research feel about our research procedures. If, for instance, participants do not object to deception and if being deceived does not make them regard psychological research in a negative light, on what grounds would it be regarded as unethical to deceive them? In order to make informed decisions about the likely consequences of our research procedures upon participants, we need to rest such decisions upon research findings rather than upon professional prejudgements. An exploratory experiment is described which examines the effects of deception, physical discomfort (stress), and experimenter considerateness upon subjects' reactions both to the experiment in which they participated and upon their feelings about psychological research in general. Whilst the manipulations did affect subjects' reactions somewhat adversely, on the whole their reactions were positive. In addition, a direct comparison is made between the reactions of subjects in a passive role-playing condition (PRPs) and those who actually took part, to see if the reactions of the PRPs could be a useful guide to those of actual participants. If so, then investigators concerned about the possible adverse effects of their research upon participants could use the reactions of PRPs as one criterion by which to judge the ethicality of their proposed research. It was found that PRPs overestimate the degree of stress involved, but are otherwise reasonably accurate in predicting how actual participants feel. Implications of the results for our ethical codes are discussed.","PeriodicalId":76614,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of social and clinical psychology","volume":"49 1","pages":"293-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81214324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Reliability and validity of Smith's quick measure of achievement motivation scale Smith成就动机快速测量量表的信度和效度
The British journal of social and clinical psychology Pub Date : 1977-11-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.2044-8260.1977.TB00247.X
J. Opolot
{"title":"Reliability and validity of Smith's quick measure of achievement motivation scale","authors":"J. Opolot","doi":"10.1111/J.2044-8260.1977.TB00247.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.2044-8260.1977.TB00247.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76614,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of social and clinical psychology","volume":"32 1","pages":"395-396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79000047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Sex‐trait stereotypes in England, Ireland and the United States 英国、爱尔兰和美国的性别特征刻板印象
The British journal of social and clinical psychology Pub Date : 1977-11-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.2044-8260.1977.TB00236.X
John E. Williams, H. Giles, J. R. Edwards, D. Best, J. Daws
{"title":"Sex‐trait stereotypes in England, Ireland and the United States","authors":"John E. Williams, H. Giles, J. R. Edwards, D. Best, J. Daws","doi":"10.1111/J.2044-8260.1977.TB00236.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.2044-8260.1977.TB00236.X","url":null,"abstract":"The item pool of the Adjective Check List (ACL) was used in an assessment of male and female sex-trait stereotypes in England, Ireland and the United States. Subjects were 50 men and 50 women university students in each of the three countries. The general finding was a high degree of cross-national similarity in the traits ascribed to men and to women, although the male and female stereotypes were not as highly differentiated in Ireland as in the two other countries. An ACL need analysis of the male and female stereotypes common to all three countries revealed that the male stereotype was markedly higher on needs for autonomy, exhibition, aggression and dominance; and moderately higher on achievement and endurance. The female stereotype was markedly higher on needs for deference, abasement, succourance, and nurturance; and moderately higher on affiliation, intraception, and heterosexuality. Projected studies of sex-trait stereotypes in countries of greater historical and linguistic diversity were discussed.","PeriodicalId":76614,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of social and clinical psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"303-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83115554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 38
A factor analytic study of the oral character 口腔特征的因素分析研究
The British journal of social and clinical psychology Pub Date : 1977-11-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.2044-8260.1977.TB00238.X
P. Kline, R. Storey
{"title":"A factor analytic study of the oral character","authors":"P. Kline, R. Storey","doi":"10.1111/J.2044-8260.1977.TB00238.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.2044-8260.1977.TB00238.X","url":null,"abstract":"The rationale and construction of two tests of the oral personality, OOQ, oral optimism, and OPQ, oral pessimism, was described in the context of previous research. Item analyses on 457 subjects, followed by a cross-validating study on 100 subjects produced two face valid personality inventories. These were then factored together with the Dynamic Personality Inventory, the 16 PF test and some other oral scales. The promax rotated factor analysis gave sound support for the validity of the two tests, and hence the existence of two personality syndromes, similar to those described as oral in the psychoanalytic literature.","PeriodicalId":76614,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of social and clinical psychology","volume":"31 1","pages":"317-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82153871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Cross‐validation and response sets in repeated use of mood questionnaires 反复使用情绪问卷的交叉验证和反应集
The British journal of social and clinical psychology Pub Date : 1977-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.2044-8260.1977.TB00224.X
M. Johnston, A. Hackmann
{"title":"Cross‐validation and response sets in repeated use of mood questionnaires","authors":"M. Johnston, A. Hackmann","doi":"10.1111/J.2044-8260.1977.TB00224.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.2044-8260.1977.TB00224.X","url":null,"abstract":"Two questions concerning the repeated use of mood questionnaires on the same subjects were examined using the STAI, the MACCL and the Lorr et al. mood scales. Firstly, “are corresponding moods and mood changes correlated across questionnaires?”, and secondly, “o response sets affect the changes in responses’. Both within- and between-subjects designs were used. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The results suggest that the corresponding mood measures do change in parallel, giving evidence of validity, especially for anxiety measures. Only the Lorr et al. scores were affected by response sets and this effect was reduced in a within-subjects design.","PeriodicalId":76614,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of social and clinical psychology","volume":"225 1","pages":"235-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73375073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
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