American Journal of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"PTSD, Phobias, Suicide Attempts, and Psychiatric Vulnerabilities.","authors":"Ned H Kalin","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20240523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20240523","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 8","pages":"687-689"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141858815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurobiology and Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.","authors":"Arieh Shalev, Dayeon Cho, Charles R Marmar","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20240536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20240536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recent worldwide surge of warfare and hostilities exposes increasingly large numbers of individuals to traumatic events, placing them at risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and challenging both clinicians and service delivery systems. This overview summarizes and updates the core knowledge of the genetic, molecular, and neural circuit features of the neurobiology of PTSD and advances in evidence-based psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, neuromodulation, and digital treatments. While the complexity of the neurobiology and the biological and clinical heterogeneity of PTSD have challenged clinicians and researchers, there is an emerging consensus concerning the underlying mechanisms and approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of PTSD. This update addresses PTSD diagnosis, prevalence, course, risk factors, neurobiological mechanisms, current standard of care, and innovations in next-generation treatment and prevention strategies. It provides a comprehensive summary and concludes with areas of research for integrating advances in the neurobiology of the disorder with novel treatment and prevention targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 8","pages":"705-719"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141858813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicide in Black Females: Response to Mattes.","authors":"Victoria A Joseph","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20240027r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20240027r","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 8","pages":"774-775"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141858818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Trends in Emergency Department Visits for Suicide Attempts and Intentional Self-Harm.","authors":"Tanner J Bommersbach, Mark Olfson, Taeho Greg Rhee","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20230397","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20230397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study estimated national annual trends and characteristics of emergency department visits for suicide attempts and intentional self-harm in the United States from 2011 to 2020.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, an annual cross-sectional national sample survey of emergency departments. Visits for suicide attempts and intentional self-harm were identified using discharge diagnosis codes (ICD-9-CM for 2011-2015; ICD-10-CM for 2016-2020) or reason-for-visit codes. The annual proportion of emergency department visits for suicide attempts and intentional self-harm was estimated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The weighted number of emergency department visits for suicide attempts and intentional self-harm increased from 1.43 million, or 0.6% of total emergency department visits, in 2011-2012 to 5.37 million, or 2.1% of total emergency department visits in 2019-2020 (average annual percent change, 19.5%, 95% CI=16.9, 22.2). Visits per capita increased from 261 to 871 visits per 100,000 persons (average annual percent change, 18.8%, 95% CI=17.6, 20.0). The increase in visits was widely distributed across sociodemographic groups. While suicide attempt and intentional self-harm visits were most common among adolescents, adults age 65 or older demonstrated the largest increase (average annual percent change, 30.2%, 95% CI=28.5, 32.0). Drug-related diagnoses were the most common co-occurring diagnosis among suicide attempt and intentional self-harm visits. Despite the rise in emergency department visits for suicide attempts and intentional self-harm, less than 16% included an evaluation by a mental health professional.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A significant national increase in emergency department visits for suicide attempts and intentional self-harm occurred from 2011 to 2020, as a proportion of total emergency department visits and as visits per capita. These trends underscore an urgent need to improve the continuum of mental health care for individuals with suicidal symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"741-752"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141237094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroanatomical Subtyping of Phobias: Implications for Function and Development.","authors":"Peter A Kirk, Oliver J Robinson","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20240502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20240502","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 8","pages":"693-695"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141858812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual Identity Continuity and Change in a U.S. National Probability Sample of Sexual Minority Adults: Associations With Mental Health and Problematic Substance Use.","authors":"Evan A Krueger, Meg D Bishop, Allen B Mallory, Ankur Srivastava, Stephen T Russell","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20230458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20230458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Sexual minority disparities in behavioral health (e.g., mental health and substance use) are well-established. However, sexual identity is dynamic, and changes are common across the life course (e.g., identifying with a monosexual [lesbian or gay] label and later with a plurisexual [queer, pansexual, etc.] label). This study assessed whether behavioral health risks coincide with sexual identity change among sexual minority people.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Associations in a 3-year U.S. national probability sample of sexual minority adults were assessed between sexual minority identity change (consistently monosexual [N=400; 44.3% weighted], consistently plurisexual [N=239; 46.7% weighted], monosexual to plurisexual [N=19; 4.2% weighted], and plurisexual to monosexual [N=25; 4.8% weighted]) and five behavioral health indicators (psychological distress, social well-being, number of poor mental health days in the past month, problematic alcohol use, and problematic use of other drugs), controlling for demographic characteristics and baseline behavioral health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among female participants, monosexual-to-plurisexual identity change (vs. consistently monosexual identity) was associated with greater psychological distress (B=3.41, SE=1.13), lower social well-being (B=-0.61, SE=0.25), and more days of poor mental health in the past month (B=0.69 [B_exp=1.99], SE=0.23). Among male participants, plurisexual-to-monosexual identity change (vs. consistently plurisexual identity) was associated with lower social well-being (B=-0.56, SE=0.25), and identity change (regardless of type) was generally associated with increased problematic use of alcohol and other drugs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sexual identity change is an important consideration for sexual minority behavioral health research, with changes (vs. consistency) in identity being an important risk factor for compromised behavioral health. Prevention and treatment interventions may need to tailor messaging to sexual minority men and women differently.</p>","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 8","pages":"753-760"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141858816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keeping Track and Providing Tools for Future Crisis Management: Suicide Attempt and Self-Harm Presentations at Emergency Departments.","authors":"Annette Erlangsen, Trine Madsen, Merete Nordentoft","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20240524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20240524","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 8","pages":"696-698"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141858810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"More Than Social Stigma Meets the Eye: The Inherent Struggle of Sexual and Gender Identity Development Across the Lifespan.","authors":"Walter O Bockting","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20240532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20240532","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 8","pages":"699-701"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141858811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Invisible Children: Is the Glass Half Full or Half Empty?","authors":"Anne A E Thorup","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20240516","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20240516","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 8","pages":"702-704"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141858819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Affective Disorders, Pharmacogenomics, and Psychiatric Illness-Related Cardiometabolic Problems.","authors":"Ned H Kalin","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20240428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20240428","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 7","pages":"565-568"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141465543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}