American Journal of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Atypicals With Regard to Weight Gain in Bipolar Disorder Treatment.","authors":"Jeffrey A Mattes","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20240061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20240061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 7","pages":"658"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141465550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2024 Annual Meeting: Presidential Address.","authors":"Petros Levounis","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.24181004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.24181004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 7","pages":"584-585"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141465615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between General and Specific Mental Health Conditions in Young Adulthood and Cardiometabolic Complications in Middle Adulthood: A 40-Year Longitudinal Familial Coaggregation Study of 672,823 Swedish Individuals.","authors":"Cen Chen, Zheng Chang, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Brian M D'Onofrio, Henrik Larsson, Pontus Andell, Paul Lichtenstein, Erik Pettersson","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20220951","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20220951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Most mental disorders, when examined individually, are associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic complications. However, these associations might be attributed to a general liability to psychopathology or confounded by unmeasured familial factors. The authors investigated the association between psychiatric conditions in young adulthood and the risk of cardiometabolic complications in middle adulthood, up to 40 years later.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cohort study (N=672,823) identified all individuals and their siblings born in Sweden between 1955 and 1962 and followed the cohort through 2013. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the bivariate associations between 10 psychiatric conditions or criminal convictions and five cardiometabolic complications in individuals. A general factor model was used to identify general, internalizing, externalizing, and psychotic factors based on the comorbidity among psychiatric conditions and criminal convictions. The cardiometabolic complications were then regressed on the latent general factor and three uncorrelated specific factors within a structural equation modeling framework in individuals and across sibling pairs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Each psychiatric condition significantly increased the risk of cardiometabolic complications. These associations appeared nonspecific, as multivariate models indicated that most were attributable to the general factor of psychopathology, rather than to specific psychiatric conditions. There were no or only small associations between individuals' general psychopathology and their siblings' cardiometabolic complications. The same pattern was evident for the specific internalizing and psychotic factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Associations between mental disorders in early life and later long-term risk of cardiometabolic complications appeared to be attributable to a general liability to psychopathology. Familial coaggregation analyses suggested that the elevated risk could not be attributed to confounders shared within families. One possibility is that lifestyle-based interventions may reduce the risk of later cardiometabolic complications for patients with several mental disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"651-657"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139541019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Occupational Dysfunction and Hospital Admissions With Different Polygenic Profiles in Bipolar Disorder.","authors":"Lina Jonsson, Elin Hörbeck, Amedeo Primerano, Jie Song, Robert Karlsson, Erik Smedler, Katherine Gordon-Smith, Lisa Jones, Nicholas Craddock, Ian Jones, Patrick F Sullivan, Erik Pålsson, Arianna Di Florio, Timea Sparding, Mikael Landén","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20230073","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20230073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Many but not all persons with bipolar disorder require hospital care because of severe mood episodes. Likewise, some but not all patients experience long-term occupational dysfunction that extends beyond acute mood episodes. It is not known whether these dissimilar outcomes of bipolar disorder are driven by different polygenic profiles. Here, polygenic scores (PGSs) for major psychiatric disorders and educational attainment were assessed for associations with occupational functioning and psychiatric hospital admissions in bipolar disorder.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 4,782 patients with bipolar disorder and 2,963 control subjects were genotyped and linked to Swedish national registers. Longitudinal measures from at least 10 years of registry data were used to derive percentage of years without employment, percentage of years with long-term sick leave, and mean number of psychiatric hospital admissions per year. Ordinal regression was used to test associations between outcomes and PGSs for bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and educational attainment. Replication analyses of hospital admissions were conducted with data from the Bipolar Disorder Research Network cohort (N=4,219).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Long-term sick leave and unemployment in bipolar disorder were significantly associated with PGSs for schizophrenia, ADHD, major depressive disorder, and educational attainment, but not with the PGS for bipolar disorder. By contrast, the number of hospital admissions per year was associated with higher PGSs for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, but not with the other PGSs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bipolar disorder severity (indexed by hospital admissions) was associated with a different polygenic profile than long-term occupational dysfunction. These findings have clinical implications, suggesting that mitigating occupational dysfunction requires interventions other than those deployed to prevent mood episodes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"620-629"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141299823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the Depressed Brain Under Stress Using Multimodal Neuroimaging.","authors":"Teddy J Akiki, Chadi G Abdallah","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20240400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20240400","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 7","pages":"578-580"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141465547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Atypicals With Regard to Weight Gain in Bipolar Disorder Treatment: Response to Mattes.","authors":"Hemen Najar, Erik Pålsson, Mikael Landén","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20240061r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20240061r","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 7","pages":"658-659"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141465551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2024 Annual Meeting: CEO and Medical Director's Address.","authors":"Saul Levin","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.24181007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.24181007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 7","pages":"588-589"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141465613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recapitulation of Perturbed Striatal Gene Expression Dynamics of Donors' Brains With Ventral Forebrain Organoids Derived From the Same Individuals With Schizophrenia.","authors":"Tomoyo Sawada, André R Barbosa, Bruno Araujo, Alejandra E McCord, Laura D'Ignazio, Kynon J M Benjamin, Bonna Sheehan, Michael Zabolocki, Arthur Feltrin, Ria Arora, Anna C Brandtjen, Joel E Kleinman, Thomas M Hyde, Cedric Bardy, Daniel R Weinberger, Apuã C M Paquola, Jennifer A Erwin","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20220723","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20220723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Schizophrenia is a brain disorder that originates during neurodevelopment and has complex genetic and environmental etiologies. Despite decades of clinical evidence of altered striatal function in affected patients, studies examining its cellular and molecular mechanisms in humans are limited. To explore neurodevelopmental alterations in the striatum associated with schizophrenia, the authors established a method for the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into ventral forebrain organoids (VFOs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>VFOs were generated from postmortem dural fibroblast-derived iPSCs of four individuals with schizophrenia and four neurotypical control individuals for whom postmortem caudate genotypes and transcriptomic data were profiled in the BrainSeq neurogenomics consortium. Individuals were selected such that the two groups had nonoverlapping schizophrenia polygenic risk scores (PRSs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses of VFOs revealed differences in developmental trajectory between schizophrenia and control individuals in which inhibitory neuronal cells from the patients exhibited accelerated maturation. Furthermore, upregulated genes in inhibitory neurons in schizophrenia VFOs showed a significant overlap with upregulated genes in postmortem caudate tissue of individuals with schizophrenia compared with control individuals, including the donors of the iPSC cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that striatal neurons derived from high-PRS individuals with schizophrenia carry abnormalities that originated during early brain development and that the VFO model can recapitulate disease-relevant cell type-specific neurodevelopmental phenotypes in a dish.</p>","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"493-511"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11209846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71419804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subcortico-Cortical Dysconnectivity in ADHD: A Voxel-Wise Mega-Analysis Across Multiple Cohorts.","authors":"Luke J Norman, Gustavo Sudre, Jolie Price, Philip Shaw","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20230026","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20230026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>A large body of functional MRI research has examined a potential role for subcortico-cortical loops in the pathogenesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but has produced inconsistent findings. The authors performed a mega-analysis of six neuroimaging data sets to examine associations between ADHD diagnosis and traits and subcortico-cortical connectivity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Group differences were examined in the functional connectivity of four subcortical seeds in 1,696 youths with ADHD diagnoses (66.39% males; mean age, 10.83 years [SD=2.17]) and 6,737 unaffected control subjects (47.05% males; mean age, 10.33 years [SD=1.30]). The authors examined associations between functional connectivity and ADHD traits (total N=9,890; 50.3% males; mean age, 10.77 years [SD=1.96]). Sensitivity analyses were used to examine specificity relative to commonly comorbid internalizing and non-ADHD externalizing problems. The authors further examined results within motion-matched subsamples, and after adjusting for estimated intelligence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the group comparison, youths with ADHD showed greater connectivity between striatal seeds and temporal, fronto-insular, and supplementary motor regions, as well as between the amygdala and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, compared with control subjects. Similar findings emerged when ADHD traits were considered and when alternative seed definitions were adopted. Dominant associations centered on the connectivity of the caudate bilaterally. Findings were not driven by in-scanner motion and were not shared with commonly comorbid internalizing and externalizing problems. Effect sizes were small (largest peak d, 0.15).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings from this large-scale mega-analysis support established links with subcortico-cortical circuits, which were robust to potential confounders. However, effect sizes were small, and it seems likely that resting-state subcortico-cortical connectivity can capture only a fraction of the complex pathophysiology of ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"553-562"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11486346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140108837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Remediation in Schizophrenia Spectrum Illness: Evidence for Treatment Persistence.","authors":"Matthew M Kurtz","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20240281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20240281","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 6","pages":"471-473"},"PeriodicalIF":17.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141185648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}