American Journal of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Toward Precision Noninvasive Brain Stimulation.","authors":"Davide B Cappon, Alvaro Pascual-Leone","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20240643","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20240643","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 9","pages":"795-805"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression: Factors Contributing to Risk and Therapeutic Insights.","authors":"Ned H Kalin","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20240648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20240648","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 9","pages":"777-780"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Intrauterine System Hormone Dosage and Depression Risk.","authors":"Søren Vinther Larsen, Anders Pretzmann Mikkelsen, Brice Ozenne, Trine Munk-Olsen, Øjvind Lidegaard, Vibe Gedso Frokjaer","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20230909","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20230909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The authors compared the associated risk of incident depression between first-time users of low-, medium-, and high-dose levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems (LNG-IUSs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This national cohort study was based on Danish register data on first-time users of LNG-IUSs, 15-44 years of age, between 2000 and 2022. Cox regression and a G-formula estimator were used to report 1-year average absolute risks, risk differences, and risk ratios of incident depression, defined as initiation of an antidepressant or receipt of a depression diagnosis, standardized for calendar year, age, education level, parental history of mental disorders, endometriosis, menorrhagia, polycystic ovary syndrome, dysmenorrhea, leiomyoma, and postpartum initiation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 149,200 women started using an LNG-IUS, among whom 22,029 started a low-dose one (mean age, 22.9 years [SD=4.5]), 47,712 a medium-dose one (mean age, 25.2 years [SD=6.2]), and 79,459 a high-dose one (mean age, 30.2 years [SD=5.6]). The associated subsequent 1-year adjusted absolute risks of incident depression were 1.21% (95% CI=1.06-1.36), 1.46% (95% CI=1.33-1.59), and 1.84% (95% CI=1.72-1.96), respectively. For the users of high-dose LNG-IUSs, the risk ratios were 1.52 (95% CI=1.30-1.74) and 1.26 (95% CI=1.10-1.41) compared with users of the low- and medium-dose LNG-IUSs, respectively. For users of medium-dose LNG-IUSs, the risk ratio was 1.21 (95% CI=1.03-1.39) compared with users of low-dose LNG-IUSs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>First-time use of an LNG-IUS was positively associated with incident depression in an LNG-dose-dependent manner across low-, medium-, and high-dose LNG-IUSs. Although the observational design of the study does not permit causal inference, the dose-response relationship contributes to the body of evidence suggesting a relationship between levonorgestrel exposure and risk of depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"834-841"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141562368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicide in Black Females.","authors":"Jeffrey A Mattes","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20240027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20240027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 8","pages":"774"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141858817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing Quantitative and Qualitative Sex Effects in a National Swedish Twin-Sibling Study of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.","authors":"Ananda B Amstadter, Sara L Lönn, Shannon Cusack, Jan Sundquist, Kenneth S Kendler, Kristina Sundquist","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20230104","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20230104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Twin studies have demonstrated that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is moderately heritable, and the pattern of findings across studies suggests higher heritability in females compared with males. Formal testing of sex differences has yet to be done in twin studies of PTSD. The authors sought to estimate the genetic and environmental contributions to PTSD, and to formally test for sex differences, in the largest sample to date of both sexes, among twins and siblings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the Swedish National Registries, the authors performed structural equation modeling to decompose genetic and environmental variance for PTSD and to formally test for quantitative and qualitative sex differences in twins (16,242 pairs) and in full siblings within 2 years of age of each other (376,093 pairs), using diagnostic codes from medical registries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The best-fit model suggested that additive genetic and unique environmental effects contributed to PTSD. Evidence for a quantitative sex effect was found, such that heritability was significantly greater in females (35.4%) than males (28.6%). Evidence of a qualitative sex effect was found, such that the genetic correlation was high but less than complete (r_g=0.81, 95% CI=0.73-0.89). No evidence of shared environment or special twin environment was found.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first demonstration of quantitative and qualitative sex effects for PTSD. The results suggest that unique environmental effects, but not the shared environment, contributed to PTSD and that genetic influences for the disorder are stronger in females compared with males. Although the heritability is highly correlated, it is not at unity between the sexes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"720-727"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141237135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical and Subcortical Brain Alterations in Specific Phobia and Its Animal and Blood-Injection-Injury Subtypes: A Mega-Analysis From the ENIGMA Anxiety Working Group.","authors":"Kevin Hilbert, Ole Jonas Boeken, Till Langhammer, Nynke A Groenewold, Janna Marie Bas-Hoogendam, Moji Aghajani, André Zugman, Fredrik Åhs, Volker Arolt, Katja Beesdo-Baum, Johannes Björkstrand, Jennifer U Blackford, Laura Blanco-Hinojo, Joscha Böhnlein, Robin Bülow, Marta Cano, Narcis Cardoner, Xavier Caseras, Udo Dannlowski, Katharina Domschke, Lydia Fehm, Brandee Feola, Mats Fredrikson, Liesbet Goossens, Hans J Grabe, Dominik Grotegerd, Raquel E Gur, Alfons O Hamm, Anita Harrewijn, Ingmar Heinig, Martin J Herrmann, David Hofmann, Andrea P Jackowski, Andreas Jansen, Antonia N Kaczkurkin, Merel Kindt, Ellen N Kingsley, Tilo Kircher, Anna L Klahn, Katja Koelkebeck, Axel Krug, Harald Kugel, Bart Larsen, Elisabeth J Leehr, Lieselotte Leonhardt, Martin Lotze, Jürgen Margraf, Jarosław Michałowski, Markus Muehlhan, Igor Nenadić, Pedro M Pan, Paul Pauli, Wenceslao Peñate, Andre Pittig, Jens Plag, Jesus Pujol, Jan Richter, Francisco L Rivero, Giovanni A Salum, Theodore D Satterthwaite, Axel Schäfer, Judith Schäfer, Anne Schienle, Silvia Schneider, Elisabeth Schrammen, Koen Schruers, Stefan M Schulz, Esther Seidl, Rudolf M Stark, Frederike Stein, Benjamin Straube, Thomas Straube, Andreas Ströhle, Boris Suchan, Sophia I Thomopoulos, Carlos Ventura-Bort, Renee Visser, Henry Völzke, Albert Wabnegger, André Wannemüller, Julia Wendt, Julian Wiemer, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Katharina Wittfeld, Barry Wright, Yunbo Yang, Anna Zilverstand, Peter Zwanzger, Dick J Veltman, Anderson M Winkler, Daniel S Pine, Neda Jahanshad, Paul M Thompson, Dan J Stein, Nic J A Van der Wee, Ulrike Lueken","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20230032","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20230032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Specific phobia is a common anxiety disorder, but the literature on associated brain structure alterations exhibits substantial gaps. The ENIGMA Anxiety Working Group examined brain structure differences between individuals with specific phobias and healthy control subjects as well as between the animal and blood-injection-injury (BII) subtypes of specific phobia. Additionally, the authors investigated associations of brain structure with symptom severity and age (youths vs. adults).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data sets from 31 original studies were combined to create a final sample with 1,452 participants with phobia and 2,991 healthy participants (62.7% female; ages 5-90). Imaging processing and quality control were performed using established ENIGMA protocols. Subcortical volumes as well as cortical surface area and thickness were examined in a preregistered analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the healthy control group, the phobia group showed mostly smaller subcortical volumes, mixed surface differences, and larger cortical thickness across a substantial number of regions. The phobia subgroups also showed differences, including, as hypothesized, larger medial orbitofrontal cortex thickness in BII phobia (N=182) compared with animal phobia (N=739). All findings were driven by adult participants; no significant results were observed in children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Brain alterations associated with specific phobia exceeded those of other anxiety disorders in comparable analyses in extent and effect size and were not limited to reductions in brain structure. Moreover, phenomenological differences between phobia subgroups were reflected in diverging neural underpinnings, including brain areas related to fear processing and higher cognitive processes. The findings implicate brain structure alterations in specific phobia, although subcortical alterations in particular may also relate to broader internalizing psychopathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"728-740"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141299824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to Poirot et al.","authors":"","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20230206correction","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20230206correction","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 8","pages":"775"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141858807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to Morley et al.","authors":"","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20230666correction","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20230666correction","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 8","pages":"775"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141858808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding Sex Differences in PTSD Heritability: A Comprehensive Twin Study.","authors":"Seyma Katrinli, Vasiliki Michopoulos","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20240496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20240496","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 8","pages":"690-692"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141858809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychiatric Diagnoses in Parents and Psychiatric, Behavioral, and Psychosocial Outcomes in Their Offspring: A Swedish Population-Based Register Study.","authors":"Mengping Zhou, Christine Takami Lageborn, Arvid Sjölander, Henrik Larsson, Brian D'Onofrio, Mikael Landén, Paul Lichtenstein, Erik Pettersson","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20230353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20230353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Associations were examined between six psychiatric diagnoses in parents and a broad range of psychiatric and nonpsychiatric outcomes in their offspring.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All individuals born in Sweden between 1970 and 2000 were linked to their biological parents (N=3,286,293) through Swedish national registers. A matched cohort design, with stratified Cox regression and conditional logistic regression analyses, was used examine associations between six psychiatric diagnoses in the parents and 32 outcomes in their offspring. All children, including those exposed and those not exposed to parents with psychiatric diagnoses, were followed from their date of birth to the date of emigration from Sweden, death, or December 31, 2013, when the offspring were 14-44 years old.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In terms of absolute risk, most children who had parents with psychiatric diagnoses were not diagnosed in specialist care themselves, and the proportion of offspring having any of the 16 types of psychiatric conditions ranged from 22.17% (of offspring exposed to parental depression) to 25.05% (of offspring exposed to parental drug-related disorder) at the end of follow-up. Nevertheless, in terms of relative risk, exposure to any of the six parental psychiatric diagnoses increased probabilities of the 32 outcomes among the offspring, with hazard ratios that ranged from 1.03 to 8.46 for time-to-event outcomes and odds ratios that ranged from 1.29 to 3.36 for binary outcomes. Some specificities were observed for parental diagnoses of psychosis and substance-related disorders, which more strongly predicted psychotic-like and externalizing-related outcomes, respectively, in the offspring.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The intergenerational transmission of parental psychiatric conditions appeared largely transdiagnostic and extended to nonpsychiatric outcomes in offspring. Given the broad spectrum of associations with the outcomes, service providers (e.g., psychiatrists, teachers, and social workers) should consider clients' broader psychiatric family history when predicting prognosis and planning interventions or treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 8","pages":"761-773"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141858814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}