Social biology最新文献_第4页

Sex, status, and criminality: a theoretical nexus. 性、地位和犯罪:一种理论联系。

Social biology Pub Date : 2004-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2004.9989091

Lee Ellis

{"title":"Sex, status, and criminality: a theoretical nexus.","authors":"Lee Ellis","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2004.9989091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2004.9989091","url":null,"abstract":"This article offers a theoretical explanation for relationships between social status and involvement in serious and persistent criminal behavior from an evolutionary perspective. The theory's central premise is that natural selection has produced females who bias their mating choices toward males who strive for status. This bias has resulted in males devoting greater time and energy to status striving (relative to females). To account for why nearly all \"victimizing\" forms of criminality are more common among males than among females, the theory asserts that status striving exists along a continuum of competitive/victimizing behavior. One end of this continuum is epitomized by crude (criminal) forms of the behavior that societies generally discourage and even punish. The other end consists of sophisticated (commercial) forms that societies tolerate and even encourage. According to the theory, most males begin to exhibit non-playful forms of competitive/victimizing behavior around the onset of puberty as they start their reproductive careers. Adolescent males with the greatest abilities to learn will transition quickly from crude forms of competitive/victimizing behavior to more sophisticated forms, while males who have the greatest difficulties learning will transition more slowly. A major deduction from the theory is that genes on the Y-chromosome must be affecting the brain in ways that promote status-striving behavior. This deduction needs empirical scrutiny, although it is consistent with evidence (a) that the Y-chromosome transforms would-be ovaries into testes, the latter being specialized organs for the production of testosterone, and (b) that testosterone alters brain functioning in ways that contribute to both status striving and criminality.","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"51 3-4","pages":"144-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2004.9989091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26291235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

The relationship between socioeconomic status and infant mortality in metropolitan Ohio, 1999-2001. 1999-2001年俄亥俄州大城市社会经济地位与婴儿死亡率的关系

Social biology Pub Date : 2004-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2004.9989088

Franklin W Goza, Edward G Stockwell, Kelly S Balistreri

引用次数: 4

Toward an evolutionary forensic psychology. 走向进化法医心理学。

Social biology Pub Date : 2004-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2004.9989092

Joshua D Duntley, Todd K Shackelford

引用次数: 5

Comments on “sex, status, and criminality: A theoretical nexus” 评“性别、地位与犯罪:一种理论联系”

Social biology Pub Date : 2004-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2004.9989093

C. R. Tittle

引用次数: 2

A reply to Duntley, Shackelford, and Tittle 给邓特利、沙克尔福德和小特尔的回信

Social biology Pub Date : 2004-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2004.9989094

L. Ellis

引用次数: 1

Comments on: "Sex, status, and criminality: a theoretical nexus. 评论:“性、地位和犯罪:一种理论联系。

Social biology Pub Date : 2004-09-01

Charles R Tittle

引用次数: 0

Structural determinants of child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: A cross-national study of economic and social influences from 1970 to 1997. 撒哈拉以南非洲儿童死亡率的结构性决定因素:1970年至1997年经济和社会影响的跨国研究。

Social biology Pub Date : 2004-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2004.9989089

Liz Mogford

引用次数: 19

The heritability of life history strategy: the K-factor, covitality, and personality. 生活史策略的遗传力:k因子、共生力与个性。

Social biology Pub Date : 2004-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2004.9989090

Aurelio José Figueredo, Geneva Vásquez, Barbara Hagenah Brumbach, Stephanie M R Schneider

{"title":"The heritability of life history strategy: the K-factor, covitality, and personality.","authors":"Aurelio José Figueredo, Geneva Vásquez, Barbara Hagenah Brumbach, Stephanie M R Schneider","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2004.9989090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2004.9989090","url":null,"abstract":"Archival data from the MIDUS survey (Brim et al., 2000), a nationally representative sample, on 309 MZ and 333 DZ twin pairs aged 25-74 years were used to test the psychometrics and behavioral genetics of life history strategy. We organized 253 of the originally administered 2,000 questions into 30 scales measuring life history traits (e.g., quality of family relationships and altruism towards kin), medical symptoms (e.g., thyroid problems), personality traits (e.g., neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness), and social background (e.g., financial security). A single higher-order factor, indicating a general life history strategy, composed of three lower-order factors, was replicated. Factor analyses were then performed on the genetic variance-covariance matrices. We found that (a) a single higher-order factor explained the preponderance of the genetic correlations among the scales and (b) this higher-order factor was itself 68 percent heritable and accounted for 82 percent of the genetic variance among the three component lower-order factors.","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"51 3-4","pages":"121-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2004.9989090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26346337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 346

The bourgeois‐pichat's biometric method and the influence of climate: New evidences from late 19th‐century Italy 布尔乔亚-皮查特人的生物识别方法与气候的影响:来自19世纪晚期意大利的新证据

Social biology Pub Date : 2004-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2004.9989081

M. Manfredini

{"title":"The bourgeois‐pichat's biometric method and the influence of climate: New evidences from late 19th‐century Italy","authors":"M. Manfredini","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2004.9989081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2004.9989081","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper examines to which extent seasonal and climatic conditions might affect the reliability of the Bourgeois‐Pichat's method. Other scholars have already argued on this issue, but although climate has often been claimed to explain part of the differentials in mortality figures among Italian regions, to date its impact has not actually been recognized and quantitatively evaluated. To test such hypothesis data at the regional level from late 19th‐century Italy have been analyzed. Our analysis of the biometric components revealed a strong bias in the estimates of the endogenous and exogenous components in the first month of life. Variations in infant mortality among Italian regions correlated with variations in the endogenous levels rather than in the exogenous levels of infant (neonatal) mortality, as it was expected owing to the infective nature of the diseases climate might induce. Specifically, Northern and colder regions featured high figures for both neonatal mortality and the endogenous component, while the opposite scheme applied to the Southern, more temperate regions. Finally, the reasons for such misleading results were investigated. It emerged that the model's assumption of a constant and invariant proportion of neonatal exogenous deaths to the total amount of exogenous deaths was not matched by the Italian data. This situation caused the excess neonatal exogenous mortality, especially that induced by cold climate in Northern regions, to be wrongly counted in the endogenous component.","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"51 1","pages":"24 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2004.9989081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60555483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Richard Hazelet Osborne 理查德·哈泽莱特·奥斯本

Social biology Pub Date : 2004-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2004.9989086

引用次数: 0