Social biology最新文献_第3页

Childhood conditions, migration, and mortality: migrants and natives in 19th-century cities. 童年条件、移民和死亡率:19世纪城市中的移民和本地人。

Social biology Pub Date : 2005-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2005.9989108

George Alter, Michel Oris

{"title":"Childhood conditions, migration, and mortality: migrants and natives in 19th-century cities.","authors":"George Alter, Michel Oris","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2005.9989108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2005.9989108","url":null,"abstract":"Migrants often have lower mortality than natives in spite of relatively unfavorable social and economic characteristics. Although migrants have a short-run advantage due to the selective migration of healthy workers, persistent health and mortality differences between migrants and natives may be long-run effects of different experiences in childhood. We made use of a natural experiment resulting from rural-to-urban migration in the mid-19th century. Mortality was much higher in urban areas, especially in rapidly growing industrial cities. Migrants usually came from healthier rural origins as young adults. Data used in this study is available from 19th-century Belgian population registers describing two sites: a rapidly growing industrial city and a small town that became an industrial suburb. We found evidence of three processes that lead to differences between the mortality of migrants and natives. First, recent migrants had lower mortality than natives, because they were self-selected for good health when they arrived. This advantage decreased with time spent in the destination. Second, migrants from rural backgrounds had a disadvantage in epidemic years, because they had less experience with these diseases. Third, migrants from rural areas had lower mortality at older (but not younger) ages, even if they had migrated more than 10 years earlier. We interpret this as a long-run consequence of less exposure to disease in childhood.","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"52 3-4","pages":"178-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2005.9989108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26820740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Childhood conditions and late‐life health: Introduction 儿童状况与晚年健康:导论

Social biology Pub Date : 2005-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2005.9989103

E. Crimmins

{"title":"Childhood conditions and late‐life health: Introduction","authors":"E. Crimmins","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2005.9989103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2005.9989103","url":null,"abstract":"Many areas of scientific investigation are increasingly focused on the role of early life experiences on late-life health (Kuh and Ben-Shlomo, 1997). A number of physiological links between early and late life have been proposed. Barker and colleagues were responsible for bringing the fetal origins hypothesis to widespread recognition in the literature. This hypothesis emphasizes the role of mother's nutritional status as a key mechanism linking fetal and early childhood conditions to organ development and subsequent onset of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and kidney problems (Barker, 1998). Additional mechanisms linking early and later life have been suggested by other researchers. Davey Smith and colleagues suggested that early bouts of diarrhea and dehydration result in later life hypertension (Davey Smith et al., 2006; Lawlor et al., 2006). Finch and Crimmins (2004) suggested that high levels of inflammation through out early life promote earlier vascular aging and the onset of chronic conditions linked to aging. Biomedical scientists have provided evidence of the fact that vascular deterioration that is eventually related to the development of the diseases of old age begins in the fetus and progresses through","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"52 1","pages":"89 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2005.9989103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60556208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Life course pathways to adult‐onset diabetes 成人发病糖尿病的生命历程途径

Social biology Pub Date : 2005-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2005.9989104

Latrica E. Best, M. Hayward, Mira Hidajat

{"title":"Life course pathways to adult‐onset diabetes","authors":"Latrica E. Best, M. Hayward, Mira Hidajat","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2005.9989104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2005.9989104","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Early life conditions, such as socioeconomic status (SES) and health, have the potential to set in motion multiple and reinforcing pathways that shape both the prevalence and onset of diabetes among older adults. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (1998–2002) for persons age 51 years and older, we investigated the core mediating mechanisms linking early life conditions with diabetes prevalence in 1998 and onset over a 4‐year follow‐up period, focusing on adult achievement processes and obesity as key mechanisms. We found that father's education is negatively associated with diabetes prevalence for older men and women. However, no markers of early life SES are directly associated with older men's and women's onset of diabetes, and the negative effects of adult SES on diabetes onset pertain only to women. Early life health affects the onset of diabetes among women—but not the prevalence—and no evidence of this association was found for men. We found no evidence that obesity is an important mechanism connecting either early life or adult SES with diabetes development in men or women. We speculate that early life SES may accelerate the development of diabetes at younger ages, and that the pathways linking life course SES, early life health, and diabetes are partly gender‐specific and biological in nature.","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"52 1","pages":"111 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2005.9989104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60555774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 38

Childhood conditions and late-life health: introduction. 童年条件和晚年健康:导论。

Social biology Pub Date : 2005-09-01

Eileen M Crimmins

引用次数: 0

Seasonally of birth in the majors, 1880–1999 大联盟的出生季节，1880-1999

Social biology Pub Date : 2005-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2002.9989098

E. Abel, M. Kruger

{"title":"Seasonally of birth in the majors, 1880–1999","authors":"E. Abel, M. Kruger","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2002.9989098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2002.9989098","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We examined two alternative explanations, one demographic, the other sociological, for the uneven distribution of birth months of Major League baseball (MLB) players active between 1880 and 1999. Beginning in 1900, players born between August and October were significantly overrepresented, and this uneven distribution was almost identical for the next five 20‐year periods. During the last 20‐year period (1980–1999), the disparity in birth months became even more pronounced. Ethnicity, handedness, player position, accomplishment (winning an award), and career length were not significantly related to birth month. Prior to 1980, the distribution of births for MLB players did not differ significantly from the distribution for the general population, but after 1980, it did. We concluded that up until 1980, the uneven distribution of birth months in MLB originated in the demographic seasonaiity‐related excess number of births in August and September in the United States. Beginning in the 1980s, this seasonality pattern was institutionally reinforced by the growing influence of Little League and related junior baseball leagues and their reliance on the August 1 birth date for age grouping.","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"52 1","pages":"47 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2002.9989098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60555506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Marriage form and age at first marriage: a comparative study in three counties in contemporary rural China. 婚姻形式与初婚年龄:当代中国农村三县的比较研究。

Social biology Pub Date : 2005-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2002.9989097

Xiaoyi Jin, Shuzhuo Li, Marcus W Feldman

引用次数: 19

The factors influencing transactional sex among young men and women in 12 sub-Saharan African countries. 影响12个撒哈拉以南非洲国家青年男女交易性行为的因素。

Social biology Pub Date : 2005-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2002.9989099

Minki Chatterji, Nancy Murray, David London, Philip Anglewicz

{"title":"The factors influencing transactional sex among young men and women in 12 sub-Saharan African countries.","authors":"Minki Chatterji, Nancy Murray, David London, Philip Anglewicz","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2002.9989099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2002.9989099","url":null,"abstract":"Transactional sex may put young women and young men in sub-Saharan Africa at increased risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV/AIDS. This behavior may also put young women at higher risk of pregnancy and childbearing. Policymakers and program managers need to know what factors put youth at increased risk. We investigated this issue using logistic regression analyses of data from male and female modules of Demographic and Health Surveys from 12 sub-Saharan African countries. We found that young men and young women are at greater risk of engaging in transactional sex than are older people. Unmarried young women and young men were significantly more likely to engage in transactional sex than married youth. Based on these results, our conclusions were that programs geared toward reducing the incidence of transactional sex or protecting men and women already in transactional sexual relationships should be aimed at both young women and young men. Due to our finding that unmarried young women and young men are more vulnerable to experiencing transactional sex, programs to prevent transactional sex should be specifically directed to this subgroup of young people.","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"52 1-2","pages":"56-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2002.9989099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26820538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 179

Seasonality of birth in the majors, 1880-1999. 1880-1999年大联盟的出生季节性。

Social biology Pub Date : 2005-02-01

Ernest L Abel, Michael L Kruger

引用次数: 0

On classifying race in Brazil: example from a study of the functional ability of older people (60+). 巴西种族分类:以老年人(60岁以上)功能能力研究为例。

Social biology Pub Date : 2005-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2002.9989100

Susan De Vos

引用次数: 1

Stable aggregate fertility in a time of family change: a decomposition of trends in American fertility, 1970-1999. 家庭变动时期稳定的总生育率:1970-1999年美国生育率趋势的分解。

Social biology Pub Date : 2005-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2002.9989096

Sarah R Hayford

引用次数: 6