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Dichromatic color language: "reds" and "greens" don't look alike but their colors do. 二色语言:“红色”和“绿色”看起来不一样，但它们的颜色是一样的。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-06-01
D Jameson, L M Hurvich
{"title":"Dichromatic color language: \"reds\" and \"greens\" don't look alike but their colors do.","authors":"D Jameson,&nbsp;L M Hurvich","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When protanopes or deuteranopes arrange the Farnsworth Dichotomous Test colors in order of similarity, they reveal their lack of red/green hue discriminations by alternating chips that the normal trichromat sees as reddish and greenish test colors. The dichromatic orderings follow a systematic variation in saturation of blue hues through neutral and into yellow hues as described by theory for each of the two types. Some dichromats who show the typical test behavior nevertheless use reddish and greenish hue terms appropriately when instructed to name the same test colors. Lightness cues are probably used by these dichromats in the naming task but ignored in the perceptual similarity task. Thus, unlike normal trichromats, who use similar names for perceptually similar colors, dichromats may use dissimilar names for perceptually similar colors. In this way they can achieve concordance with the normative language system despite its discordance with their impoverished color perceptions.</p>","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 2","pages":"146-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11522500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Frequency selectivity in the parakeet (Melopsittacus undulatus) studied with narrow-band noise masking. 窄带噪声掩蔽研究长尾小鹦鹉的频率选择性。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-06-01
J C Saunders, G R Bock, S E Fahrbach
{"title":"Frequency selectivity in the parakeet (Melopsittacus undulatus) studied with narrow-band noise masking.","authors":"J C Saunders,&nbsp;G R Bock,&nbsp;S E Fahrbach","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Narrow-band noise masking was studied in the parakeet (Melopsittacus undulatus) using a modified method of limits and an instrumental avoidance-conditioning procedure. Masked thresholds were obtained from five subjects at 10 frequencies between 0.5 and 5.0 kHz for each of four sensation levels (26, 46, 66, and 86 db) of a 1/3-octave band noise masker centered at 1.6 kHz. The amount of masking was found to be linearly related to noise level, and the shape of the masking curve was symmetrical on both sides of the center frequency of the masker. In all cases, the greatest threshold shift occurred at the center frequency of the masker. The relative symmetry of the parakeet narrow-band masking curves contrasts with masking results reported in mammals.</p>","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 2","pages":"80-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11914880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Factors influencing cutaneous directional sensitivity. 影响皮肤定向敏感性的因素。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-06-01
D A Dreyer, M Hollins, B L Whitsel
{"title":"Factors influencing cutaneous directional sensitivity.","authors":"D A Dreyer,&nbsp;M Hollins,&nbsp;B L Whitsel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The influence of stimulus velocity and traverse length on the ability of human subjects to indicate in which of two opposite directions a brush moved along the skin was determined using a forced choice procedure. Stimulus velocities ranged from 0.75 to 250 cm/sec, and traverse lengths ranged from 0.5 to 6 cm; measurements were made on both the thenar eminence and the preaxial upper arm. Performance was expressed in terms of \"critical traverse length\" i.e., that traverse length at which, for a given velocity, the subject would correctly identify the direction of brush motion on 75% of the trials. The data indicate that the capacity to identify direction of tactile stimulus motion increases with traverse length and is optimal for velocities between 3 and 25 cm/sec. The overall level of performance was better on the thenar than on the upper arm.</p>","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 2","pages":"71-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11916356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tuning curves and masking functions of auditory-nerve fibers in cat. 猫听觉神经纤维的调谐曲线和掩蔽功能。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-06-01
J W Bauer
{"title":"Tuning curves and masking functions of auditory-nerve fibers in cat.","authors":"J W Bauer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Single units of the auditory nerve are maximally sensitive to a given frequency, the so-called characteristic frequency (CF). Tuning curves (functions relating the \"threshold\" for such units to the frequency of a sinusoidal stimulus) have inspired psychophysical measurements of masked thresholds in humans. At low levels, the results bear a striking resemblance to neural tuning curves, suggesting that a small, homogeneous group of units determine the so-called psychophysical tuning curves. This paper describes physiological measurements modeled after the psychophysical forward-masking paradigm. A masking tone was used to reduce the response in auditory-nerve fibers elicited by a probe tone that followed the masker. The level of the masking tone was varied to maintain a criterion level of responding to the probe. Plotting level of the masker as a function of its frequency yields a fiber-masking function. For low probe-tone levels, fiber-masking functions of low CF fibers and the tips of functions from high CF fibers were similar in shape to tuning curves obtained with single tone bursts. The fiber-masking function depends upon the response criterion and upon the level, duration, and frequency of the probe. Varying the level of the probe can also alter the shape of the fiber-masking function. These results have implications for interpreting psychophysical masking functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 2","pages":"156-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11916355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Temporal summation in the receptor potential of the Limulus lateral eye: comparison between retinula and eccentric cells. 侧视羊膜受体电位的时间总和:视网膜和偏心细胞的比较。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-03-01
K L Kong, G S Wasserman
{"title":"Temporal summation in the receptor potential of the Limulus lateral eye: comparison between retinula and eccentric cells.","authors":"K L Kong,&nbsp;G S Wasserman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Temporal summation and reciprocity (Bloch's law) were studied in the receptor potential recorded from the retinula and eccentric cells of the excised Limulus lateral eye. Taking the peak of the receptor potential as the response measure yielded critical durations that ranged between 65 and 170 msec, depending on the cell type and the criterion level of response. At high but not at low response levels, the critical duration is significantly longer in eccentric cells than in retinula cells. Deviations from Bloch's law were found; these deviations were largest at intermediate response levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 1","pages":"9-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11906599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Changing response measures alters temporal summation in the receptor and spike potentials of the Limulus lateral eye. 变化的反应措施改变了侧视limus的受体和尖峰电位的时间总和。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-03-01
K L Kong, G S Wasserman
{"title":"Changing response measures alters temporal summation in the receptor and spike potentials of the Limulus lateral eye.","authors":"K L Kong,&nbsp;G S Wasserman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Temporal summation and reciprocity were studied in the retinula and eccentric cells of the excised Limulus lateral eye as a function of variation in response measure: Using the latency instead of the peak of the receptor potential as a response measure produced considerably shorter critical durations. Using the area under the receptor potential as a response measure produced no critical duration up to a stimulus duration of 640 msec; instead, supersummation occurred at long durations. Similar effects were observed in the optic nerve spikes, where the response measures were first spike latency and maximum spike number sampled in time windows that ranged from 40 to 640 msec. The critical durations clearly depended on the response measure used and, when a 640-msec window was used, no critical duration occurred; supersummation again occurred. Increasing the sampling period within which maximum spike number was measured increased the critical duration and changed the formal properties from those characteristic of the receptor potential's peak to those characteristic of the receptor potential's area. The implications of the more central portions of the nervous system using different summation times for different perceptual tasks are discussed; it is suggested that the choice of response measures is crucial in studies of temporal summation.</p>","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 1","pages":"21-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11906781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Two linear rules relate the latencies of visual responses to their critical durations. 两个线性规则将视觉反应的潜伏期与其临界持续时间联系起来。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-03-01
K L Kong, G S Wasserman
{"title":"Two linear rules relate the latencies of visual responses to their critical durations.","authors":"K L Kong,&nbsp;G S Wasserman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The latency of a neural response sets a limit on its critical duration since stimulation delivered after a response has already occurred can no longer affect that response. However, this tautologic upper limit does not uniquely define the critical duration. Intracellular recordings from the lateral eye of Limulus yield two linear rules which empirically relate the critical duration of a neural response to its latency: When response magnitude (peak amplitude, spike frequency) is used to construct the temporal summation function, the critical duration is equal to the latency minus a constant. When response latency is used instead, the critical duration of the response latency is equal to the latency divided by a constant.</p>","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11906780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A critical examination of the use of signal detection theory in evaluating a putative analgesic--transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. 信号检测理论在评估一种假定的镇痛药——经皮神经电刺激中的应用。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-03-01
D B McCreery, J R Bloedel
{"title":"A critical examination of the use of signal detection theory in evaluating a putative analgesic--transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.","authors":"D B McCreery,&nbsp;J R Bloedel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Experiments using normal human subjects were performed to determine the effect of a putative analgesic, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), on the perception of noxious thermal stimuli and also to examine critically the general applicability of signal detection theory (SDT) to the evaluation of analgesic agents. In order to provide a control for factors related to suggestion, subjects were assigned to groups in which real or sham TENS was administered. It was shown that previously suggested criteria for demonstrating actual analgesia using SDT should be reevaluated. First, discriminability changed in one of the sham groups, suggesting that discriminability can be affected by changes in mental state which may occur during the evaluation of an analgesic. Secondly, criteria changed without accompanying changes in discriminability; this was interpreted as reflecting actual analgesia, rather than only changes in response bias, produced by TENS.</p>","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 1","pages":"38-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11906783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Audio-ocular response characteristics. 视听反应特征。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-03-01
J R Zahn, L A Abel, L F Dell'Osso
{"title":"Audio-ocular response characteristics.","authors":"J R Zahn,&nbsp;L A Abel,&nbsp;L F Dell'Osso","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The characteristics of eye movements elicited by auditory stimuli, the audio-ocular response (AOR), differ from those made in response to visual stimuli. Their latencies are longer, their accuracies slightly worse, and their velocities slower. In addition, AOR latencies decreased with increasing stimulus eccentricity; this is opposite to the latency variation of visually evoked saccades.</p>","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 1","pages":"32-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11906782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Directional hearing under progressive impoverishment of binaural cues. 双耳线索渐进式贫化下的定向听力。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-03-01
K Belendiuk, R A Butler
{"title":"Directional hearing under progressive impoverishment of binaural cues.","authors":"K Belendiuk,&nbsp;R A Butler","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Auditory stimuli--bursts of broadband, 4.0-kHz high-pass and 1.0-kHz low-pass noise--generated by loudspeakers arrayed in the horizontal plane were picked up by miniature microphones placed in the external ear canals and recorded on tape. When these recorded sounds were presented through headphones, listeners were able to identify the various loudspeakers that originally generated the sounds about as accurately as they could when the sounds were presented free-field. When the recorded sounds were processed so that either one or more of the interaural difference cues were removed directly or their removal was approximated, performance proficiency depended upon the frequency composition of the stimulus. It appeared that accuracy in identifying the loudspeaker that originally generated the broadband and 1.0-kHz low-pass noises could be maintained by the presence of interaural temporal differences. Accuracy on the task for the 4.0-kHz high-pass noise depended in large part on the presence of interaural intensity differences. No one performed proficiently when only interaural spectral differences were available.</p>","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 1","pages":"58-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11906784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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