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Perceived odor intensity as a function of air flow through the nose. 感知到的气味强度是通过鼻子的气流的函数。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-09-01
T Rehn
{"title":"Perceived odor intensity as a function of air flow through the nose.","authors":"T Rehn","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relationship between perceived odor intensity and flow rate during inhalation was studied. Thirty subjects, mainly students of psychology, participated. The odor from a solution of pyridine and water (0.5 ml/liter of H2O) was inhaled at five different flow rates, ranging from 75 to 1000 ml/sec. Three different conditions of sniffing were used, i.e., constant-duration sniffing (2 sec), constant-volume sniffing (1000 ml), and three successive short sniffs. The perceived odor intensity, expressed with a magnitude-estimation method, was found to increase with flow rate under all sniffing conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 3","pages":"198-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11948876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Temperature-touch interaction: Weber's phenomenon revisited. 温度-触觉相互作用:韦伯现象的重新审视。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-09-01
J C Stevens, B G Green
{"title":"Temperature-touch interaction: Weber's phenomenon revisited.","authors":"J C Stevens,&nbsp;B G Green","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The six experiments reported here stemmed from Weber's (E. H. Weber, In R. Wagner (Ed.), Handwnörterbuch der Physiologie, 1846. Vol. 3, pp. 481-588) report that cold objects on the forehead feel heavier than warm ones, implying an effect of temperature on the touch modality. The experiments arrived at first-order answers to how temperature, force of stimulation, areal size of stimulation, and body locus might influence the magnitude of touch sensation. Typically, concomitant cooling greatly intensifies touch magnitude as perceived via the forehead and the forearm. Warning has little or no effect via the forehead but gives a significant intensification (less pronounced than that of cooling) on the forearm. When the areal size of the stimulation becomes very small, the intensification effects cannot be reliably demonstrated. The findings are reviewed in the light of what is known about the physiology of the cutaneous nerves.</p>","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 3","pages":"206-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11948877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Olfactory self- and cross-adaptation: effects of time of adaptation on perceived odor intensity. 嗅觉自适应与交叉适应:适应时间对感知气味强度的影响。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-09-01
B Berglund, U Berglund, T Lindvall
{"title":"Olfactory self- and cross-adaptation: effects of time of adaptation on perceived odor intensity.","authors":"B Berglund,&nbsp;U Berglund,&nbsp;T Lindvall","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The time-course of self- and cross-adaptation of the olfactory system was investigated for two constant concentrations of three odorous substances. The substances (hydrogen sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and pyridine) were matched, in a pilot experiment, with regard to perceived odor intensity. The time of adaptation was controlled by the number of inhalations (1-10). A two-step scaling method, involving cross-modality matching and numerical scaling of the matching continuum, was used for measuring perceived odor intensity during adaptation. The results show that the time-course function for self-adaptation seems to be an exponential function for two of the substances (H2S, DMDS), while for the third (pyridine) the form of the function is less distinct. Cross-adaptation between substances was found for the high concentrations, while for the low concentrations, hydrogen sulfide and dimethyl disulfide gave rise to pronounced cross-facilitation. The latter effect increased with time of adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 3","pages":"191-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11948875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Referred thermal sensations: warmth versus cold. 参考热感觉:温暖与寒冷。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-09-01
B G Green
{"title":"Referred thermal sensations: warmth versus cold.","authors":"B G Green","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study investigates further the phenomenon of thermal referral, in which thermal sensations are \"referred\" to the site of nearby tactile stimuli. First demonstrated with three stimulators (Green, B.G. Perception and Psychophysics, 1977, 22, 331-337), the present experiments show that referral also occurs between two contact stimuli. Measurements with two stimulators reveal that (1) on the arm and fingers, warmth refers more strongly that cold, and (2) referral of warmth is affected relatively little by increasing the distance between stimulators; (3) on the fingertips, referral is greater when the thermal sensation refers away from rather than toward the first digit; and (4) the pattern or referral across fingers differs for warmth and cold and appears unrelated to the pattern of peripheral innervation. The phenomenon of referral illustrates that information about locus gathered through the tactile sense is available to the thermal senses, which means that information about stimulus locus and quality can be carried on separate nerve fibers.</p>","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 3","pages":"220-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11948878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Detection of red and green flashes: evidence for cancellation and facilitation. 红色和绿色闪光的检测:取消和便利的证据。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-09-01
C F Stromeyer, M C Khoo, D Muggeridge
{"title":"Detection of red and green flashes: evidence for cancellation and facilitation.","authors":"C F Stromeyer,&nbsp;M C Khoo,&nbsp;D Muggeridge","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Green and red flashes of light will differentially stimulate the middle- and long-wavelength sensitive cones. Interaction of cone signals was studied by measuring increment thresholds for combinations of green and red flashes on a yellow adapting field. When the yellow adapting field was at 10.000 trolands (td), green and red incremental flashes (1 degree, 200-msec duration) produced cancellation when presented simultaneously and facilitation when presented sequentially. A green incremental flash (1.15 degrees, 200 msec, 5000-td adaptation field) and red decremental flash, or vice versa, produced facilitation when presented simultaneously. The results can be explained by color-differencing, opponent-mechanisms. The cancellation effect for the simultaneous incremental flashes largely disappeared when the flashes were exposed briefly (10 msec) or reduced in size (0.04 degrees). It is unlikely that the stimuli were exclusively detected by achromatic, luminance channels, as suggested by previous work, since observers could partially distinguish the hue of threshold flashes of 570- and 590-nm light (0.04 degrees, 10 msec) on a bright yellow field.</p>","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 3","pages":"248-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11434564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chemical stimulation of single human fungiform taste papillae: sensitivity profiles and locus of stimulation. 人类单一真菌状味觉乳头的化学刺激:敏感性和刺激轨迹。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-09-01
A V Cardello
{"title":"Chemical stimulation of single human fungiform taste papillae: sensitivity profiles and locus of stimulation.","authors":"A V Cardello","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychophysical responses to chemical stimulation of single human fungiform taste papillae were obtained from 40 papillae in four subjects. Effects of solution concentration and locus of stimulation were examined for nine test compounds. Sensitivity profiles constructed for individual papillae showed that single fungiform papillae mediate more than a single taste quality. In addition, the chemical sensitivities of individual papillae were reflected in their thresholds for all compounds, and correlation coefficients between recognition thresholds were no greater for similar than for dissimilar tasting compounds. No differences in mediation of quality were found as a function of locus of stimulation on the papilla, although sensitivity was found to be greater on the dorsal surface than on the sides. The data were discussed within the context of previous studies of response characteristics of single papilla.</p>","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 3","pages":"173-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11948874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effects of a surround on vibrotactile thresholds. 环绕环境对振动触觉阈值的影响。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-06-01
G A Gescheider, A J Capraro, R D Frisina, R D Hamer, R T Verrillo
{"title":"The effects of a surround on vibrotactile thresholds.","authors":"G A Gescheider,&nbsp;A J Capraro,&nbsp;R D Frisina,&nbsp;R D Hamer,&nbsp;R T Verrillo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychophysical thresholds for the detection of vibration on the thenar eminence were measured as a function of stimulus frequency. As has been found in earlier studies, the threshold functions had two separate branches: one relatively flat branch at low frequencies and a U-shaped branch at higher frequencies. When the rigid surround which is used to confine the stimulus to the region of the vibrator contactor was removed and vibration was allowed to spread freely over the surface of the skin, thresholds along the relatively flat segment of the curve increased while thresholds along the U-shaped segment decreased. The results were interpreted in terms of the duplex model of mechanoreception.</p>","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 2","pages":"99-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11914882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Olfactory sensitivity during the menstrual cycle. 月经周期中的嗅觉敏感性。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-06-01
R G Mair, J A Bouffard, T Engen, T H Morton
{"title":"Olfactory sensitivity during the menstrual cycle.","authors":"R G Mair,&nbsp;J A Bouffard,&nbsp;T Engen,&nbsp;T H Morton","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Women were tested for sensitivity to several odorants at ovulation and menstruation. Three involatile esters (pentadecalactone, coumarin, and cinnamyl butyrate) predicted by gas chromatographic data to be strongly retarded by the olfactory mucus showed similar significant changes in sensitivity. By contrast, a more volatile ester (amyl acetate) predicted to diffuse more readily though the mucus showed no such changes. This suggests that variations in olfactory sensitivity observed between ovulation and menstruation depend on odorant volatility and thus may result from peripheral mechanisms limiting the access of odorant molecules to the olfactory receptors.</p>","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 2","pages":"90-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11914881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A method for localization of sources of human cerebral potentials evoked by sensory stimuli. 定位由感觉刺激引起的人脑电位来源的一种方法。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-06-01
R D Sidman, V Giambalvo, T Allison, P Bergey
{"title":"A method for localization of sources of human cerebral potentials evoked by sensory stimuli.","authors":"R D Sidman,&nbsp;V Giambalvo,&nbsp;T Allison,&nbsp;P Bergey","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A method based on potential field theory is described for assessing the location and orientation of dipole generators of the human scalp-recorded sensory evoked potential (EP). The method assumes that the EP at a given moment is due to a single dipole source and that the head can be modeled by a homogeneous conductive sphere (brain) surrounded by inner (skull) and outer (scalp) shells of differing conductivity (three-sphere model). Solution for source location and orientation from the surface potential field is given for the case of a single homogeneous sphere (one-sphere model). It is then shown that a unique solution for the three-sphere model can be derived from the one-sphere solution. Solutions are obtained by application of an iterative procedure which minimizes the error between calculated and empirical potential fields. A test of the method is described in which the calculated location and orientation of a dipole was in good agreement with the known source of an early component of the human somatosensory EP.</p>","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 2","pages":"116-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11916353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Photoreceptors and visual pigments in a cichlid fish, Nannacara anomala. 一种慈鲷的光感受器和视觉色素。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-06-01
M A Ali, F I Hárosi, H J Wagner
{"title":"Photoreceptors and visual pigments in a cichlid fish, Nannacara anomala.","authors":"M A Ali,&nbsp;F I Hárosi,&nbsp;H J Wagner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Correlation of visual pigment content and photoreceptor cell structure is studied in the cichlid fish Nannacara anomala the retina of which is characterized by simple organization of the outer plexiform layer. The visual cell types consist of long and bulky rods and only two types of cones: equal double cones and short single cones. Both types of cones differ form other known teleost cones in that their outer segments are very slender yet twice as long as the inner segments. The double cones form a square mosaic with four doubles along the sides an a single cone in the center. Four rods usually surround the single cone and a few others lie in the corners of the square. The population densities of photoreceptor cells in the central part of the retina is 45,600 cones and 52,600 rods per mm2. The cone to rod ratio is 1:1.15; the double cone to single cone ratio is 4.07:1. The outer segments of photoreceptors contain four spectroscopic types of pigment: one type in rods with lambda max = 498 +/- 5 nm, one type in single cones with lambda max = 460 +/- 5nm, and one in each member of the double cones with lambda max of 555 +/- 5 and 600 +/- 10 nm. Single cones are found to contain only the blue-absorbing pigment. The double cones, whenever both members are successfully recorded from, appear to use two spectrally different pigments. Based on spectral bandwidth determination, the four pigments are probably of the prophyropsin class, although some admixture (10--20%) of rhodopsin-class pigments is also indicated, especially in double cones.</p>","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 2","pages":"130-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11916354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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