Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine. Supplement最新文献

{"title":"The influence of piracetam on the motor activity of rabbits with contusioned spinal cord.","authors":"A Simonić,&nbsp;D Atanacković,&nbsp;B Batistić","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rabbits were made paraplegic by spinal cord contusion. There was a good correlation between motor function and microscopic findings. The spinal lesion significantly increased creatine kinase (CKBB) isoenzyme activity in cord tissue. Significant protection from paralysis was conveyed by piracetam (a psychoactive drug with neuroprotective activity) (2 g.kg-1 i.v.) administered once per day during 9 posttraumatic days. Piracetam significantly diminished increased activity of CKBB in the severed spinal cord. The sooner the piracetam was injected after the lesion the better protective effect was seen. No side effects of piracetam were seen.</p>","PeriodicalId":76524,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine. Supplement","volume":"17 ","pages":"125-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14294242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postural load and the development of musculo-skeletal illness.","authors":"A Aarås","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early in the 1970s, high rates of sick-leave due to musculo-skeletal complaints were frequently recorded among workers at Standard Telefon and Kabelfabrik's (STK's) factory in Norway. Workstations were redesigned according to ergonomics principles that allowed workers a wider choice of working postures and following their introduction in 1975, there was a marked reduction in sickness absence. Postural load was studied in groups of female workers in well defined assembly tasks. Trapezius load was recorded by electromyography (EMG). Simultaneously, postural angles of the upper arm in the shoulder joint and flexion/extension of head/neck and back were measured by using pendulum potentiometers. A quantitative relationship was found for the group between its median value of static trapezius load and the development of musculo-skeletal sick-leave, as a function of length of employment. Further support for a relationship between musculo-skeletal injury and trapezius load was found for the same subjects who suffered less musculo-skeletal sick-leave, consistent with the reduced trapezius load when working at the redesigned work stands. The relationship between postural load and musculo-skeletal injury was studied in comparable groups of the female workers with respect to age, working hours per day and time of employment. Psychosocial problems, spare time activities and living habits of workers did not show any significant difference across the groups. Postural load, both in terms of the magnitude of the flexion angle of the upper arm in the shoulder joint and the distribution of the work load between flexors and extensors, appeared to influence the incidence of load-related musculo-skeletal illness in the upper part of the body. The incidence of musculo-skeletal sick-leave in a group of workers with a median static trapezius load of about 1 to 2% MVC (Maximum Voluntary Contraction) for most of the work day, was approximately the same as for a group of comparable female workers without continuous work load. This suggests that a static trapezius load level of about 1% MVC is acceptable for the major part of the work day if adequate breaks in the load pattern are allowed when needed. At the same time, a median arm flexion of 15 degrees and a median arm abduction less than 10 degrees indicate the amplitude of these angles for 50% of the recording time. No details about the work-pause pattern was obtained, therefore these limits are only a rough indication of an acceptable arm position.</p>","PeriodicalId":76524,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine. Supplement","volume":"18 ","pages":"5-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14606479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the biomechanics of cycling. A study of joint and muscle load during exercise on the bicycle ergometer.","authors":"M Ericson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the study was to quantify the load induced in the lower limb joints and muscles during exercise on a bicycle ergometer and to study how these loads changed with adjustments of the bicycle ergometer or cycling technique. The forces, load moments and muscular power output acting on and about the hip, knee and ankle joints during cycling were determined using cine-film, pedal force measurements and biomechanical calculations based upon static and dynamic mechanics. The muscular activity of eleven lower limb muscles was recorded and quantified using EMG. The load moments acting about the bilateral hip, knee and ankle joint axes were found to be generally lower than those induced during normal level walking. The varus and valgus load moments acting about the antero-posterior knee joint axis were approximately the same as those induced during walking. The tibio-femoral compressive joint force and the anteriorly directed tibio-femoral shear force mainly stressing the anterior cruciate ligament were low. The talocrural joint compressive force and achilles tendon tensile force were low compared to those in level walking. The magnitude of lower limb muscular activity during cycling approximated that obtained during walking, with three major exceptions. M. vastus medialis et lateralis were more activated during cycling than during walking, and tibialis anterior was less activated. The hip extensor muscles produced 27%, hip flexors 4%, knee extensors 39%, knee flexors 10% and ankle plantar flexors 20% of the total positive mechanical work. Of the four parameters studied (workload, pedalling rate, saddle height, pedal foot position) workload was the most important adjustment factor for change of joint load and muscular activity. An increased pedalling rate increased the muscular activity in most of the muscles investigated, generally without changing the joint load. Increased saddle height decreased the maximum flexing knee load moment, but did not significantly change the flexing hip or dorsiflexing ankle load moment. Muscular activity in most of the muscles investigated was not generally changed by different saddle heights. Use of a posterior foot position instead of an anterior decreased the dorsiflexing ankle load moment, increased the gluteus medius and rectus femoris activity, and decreased soleus muscular activity but did not significantly change the hip or knee moments. It is suggested that cycling might be a useful exercise in the rehabilitation of patients with injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament of the knee or achilles tendon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":76524,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine. Supplement","volume":"16 ","pages":"1-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14592372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On assessment of shoulder exercise and load-elicited pain in the cervical spine. Biomechanical analysis of load--EMG--methodological studies of pain provoked by extreme position.","authors":"K Harms-Ringdahl","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biomechanical analyses of load on locomotor structures are essential parts of physical therapy. Load moments of force, compressive and shear joint forces are associated with the risk of eliciting pain or causing excessive load during work and leisure activities as well as during rehabilitative training exercises. Two common therapeutic exercise movements were analysed with special emphasis on the effects of patient positioning on the load relations. Resistance was provided by an ordinary pulley apparatus. A computerized static model was developed, where positioning angle, pulley cord force and pulley distance could be varied. The best adaptation between the curves for induced load moment about the shoulder joint and maximum isometric muscle moment through joint angles was obtained when the subject during internal rotation exercises sat with the pulley located 40 degrees anterior to, and during external rotation exercises 20 degrees posterior to, a frontal plane through the shoulders at a distance of 1.3 m from the joint. EMG was recorded from the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi and anterior deltoid muscles during internal rotation exercises, and from infraspinatus, deltoid and trapezius during external rotation. Pectoralis major and infraspinatus were the most active muscles during internal and external rotation respectively. Two methodological studies were made concerning pain provoked by loading joints in maintained extreme positions (i.e. positions at the limit of the motion sector). Sensations of discomfort/pain from healthy elbow and knee joints maintained in an extreme position increased with duration of provocation and decreased slowly after removal of loading weight. Using such joint loadings, a comparison of the Visual Analogue Scale with Borg's category-ratio scale showed that both be can be used for reliable assessments of load-elicited pain intensity. In one study cervical spine extreme position was found to be associated with sitting work postures where the thoraco-lumbar spine was slightly inclined backwards or where the whole spine was flexed. Healthy subjects participated in an experimental study in which a position involving extreme flexion of the lower-cervical-upper-thoracic spine (similar to a common work posture) was maintained. Pain was experienced by all ten subjects within 15 minutes, disappeared 15 minutes after the end of provocation, but was again experienced by nine subjects the same evening or the next morning and lasted up to four days. Neck extensor muscle activity was low.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":76524,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine. Supplement","volume":"14 ","pages":"1-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14588577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gait analysis in hip and knee surgery.","authors":"E Olsson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Unlabelled: </strong>An objective method of gait analysis is presented. It is characterized by: Two five metre long force plates, thus giving possibility of registering several consecutive steps for each foot. Additional equipment has been provided and the whole system has been computerized. Reliability was found to be great and reproducibility good. The method has been used in registering gait variables like time and distance variables, vertical ground reaction forces and sagittal angular movement of hips and knees and these have been correlated to clinical findings. The method has been used in analysis of individuals after pelvic resections preserving the lower extremity, before and after total hip replacement, after total knee replacement and in comparison of two different methods for THR, one cemented (Charnley) and one non-cemented (HP Garches).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The gait variables most sensitive in giving evidence of a change in a patient's ambulatory status were maximal vertical force and average velocity followed by step rate, single limb support, and weight acceptance - all measurements of weight bearing capacity. Maximal vertical force and average velocity were the only gait variables that could distinguish the one type of THR from the other. In correlations between the clinical impression of gait function and its objective registration the strongest correlations were found in maximal vertical force and average velocity. Thus, gait analysis is considered a useful tool in the evaluation of locomotor function after surgical procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":76524,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine. Supplement","volume":"15 ","pages":"1-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14591403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divided attention in brain-injured patients.","authors":"S Melamed,&nbsp;L Rahamani,&nbsp;Y Greenstein,&nbsp;Z Groswasser,&nbsp;T Najenson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinical observations have shown that brain-injured patients perform poorly in tasks requiring attention. While selective and sustained attention has been extensively investigated, there is little systematic information on how brain-injured patients perform on divided attention tasks requiring simultaneous handling of and responding to two sources of information. This study was designed to analyse the behavior of hospitalized brain-injured patients as compared with matched normal controls in performing a dual task consisting of pursuit motor tracking coupled with delayed digit recall (DDR). Four two-minute trials were given. Time on target (TOT) and number of recall errors were recorded. It was assumed that the brain-injured group would (a) have lower TOT and more recall errors; and (b) show less learning effect. Results confirmed both expectations: (1) for the brain-injured group, TOT was lower and did not improve across trials; moreover, the number of recall errors was higher, increasing across trials; (2) for the control group, the number of recall errors was negligible across trials and TOT improved with time; (3) the normal trade-off between two simultaneous difficult tasks was not observed in the brain-injured group as they failed in both tasks; (4) the number of recall errors of the brain-injured subjects markedly increased towards the end of each trial, suggesting rapidly increasing fatigue. Thus, brain-injured patients appeared limited not only in their attention capacity but also in the variety of strategies they employ in processing information.</p>","PeriodicalId":76524,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine. Supplement","volume":"12 ","pages":"16-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14982058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the use of dreams as a means of diagnosis of brain-injured patients.","authors":"B Stern,&nbsp;J M Stern","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In our psychotherapeutic work with brain injured patients it has become apparent that there exists a divergence between the two modes of expression with which the patient reflects his inner truth. In contrast to the patient's conscious self-perception, which is usually distorted by his cognitive deficits and by his defense mechanisms, the dream--the unconscious, uncovers another reality. The present paper cites a repeated pattern of initial dreams and an attempt is made to understand its diagnostic and prognostic meaning.</p>","PeriodicalId":76524,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine. Supplement","volume":"12 ","pages":"44-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14982064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Day Center experience in rehabilitation of craniocerebral injured patients.","authors":"J M Stern,&nbsp;Z Groswasser,&nbsp;R Alis,&nbsp;N Geva,&nbsp;J Hochberg,&nbsp;B Stern,&nbsp;Y Yardeni","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Day Center for head-injured patients specialises in treating patients at later stages following brain trauma. The goal of therapy is social reintegration as measured by the quality of family and social life and by actual occupational status. At this later stage, a year or more since injury, the cognitive and behavioral aspects of brain damage determine the outcome of rehabilitation. The therapy aims at preserving as well as improving patients' overall performance including family life and therefore their families are treated as well. As the patients are not hospitalised at this stage, the asset of this model is that it constitutes an arresting factor in preventing regressive attitudes acquired during hospitalisation which is a sheltered framework. The Day Center System encourages the patients to cope \"in vivo\" with reality, while the therapy given strives at providing them with the instruments needed for coping in actual life situations. We present here our experience in 38 patients admitted consecutively during the course of a year. The results show that the therapeutic milieu was of great help in preserving as well as improvement patients' performance; furthermore, it is evident that some improvement was achieved even after several years post trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":76524,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine. Supplement","volume":"12 ","pages":"53-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14983193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The quality of the psychotherapeutic process in brain-injured patients.","authors":"J M Stern","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper reviews the various mental processes which occur in patients with organic brain damage and the changes to which these patients are subjected. At the early stages directly following injury, it is necessary to restructure the personality and help it emerge from the chaotic state characterizing this phase. Later treatment concentrates on giving meaning to the different object relationships and the dialectic between self-representation and object representation. Special stress is put on the therapist's role as a receptacle for the aggressive contents which the patient transfers to him and on the necessity, on he therapist's part, to master his own counter-transference reactions and to present an identification model permitting the restoration of the patient's inner world. The psychotherapeutic model is based on the already existing models in other area of mental pathology, which have been developed in recent years, in particular in the theory of narcissism and object relations.</p>","PeriodicalId":76524,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine. Supplement","volume":"12 ","pages":"42-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14982063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The \"key-form\" system for data collection in disability evaluation.","authors":"H Ring,&nbsp;A Ron,&nbsp;T Najenson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new system for comprehensive disability evaluation has been developed in the framework of our Hospital. This system is based on multidisciplinary evaluation during one day of tests and the summarization of the data collected. The process takes place at the Institute for Functional Evaluation, a joint project of the National Insurance Institute and the Loewenstein Hospital in Israel. The process was designed to provide the basis for the determination of the degree of disability according to the requirements of the General Disability Law. In order to carry out the experimental program a computerized system of recording was created. The method of recording is based upon the \"Key-form\" where the different systems of the body appear one after the other and next to them the term \"normal\" or \"abnormal\". In the case of an abnormal mark, the tester goes on to the next stage which involves completion of a detailed form for that system. The forms are coded for the transfer of information to the computer without intermediary stages and this enables processing of a vast amount of data with relative ease. The system enables compilation of individual profiles and statistical tables and analysis. Theoretical and practical applications of the system are discussed on the basis of the pilot study.</p>","PeriodicalId":76524,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine. Supplement","volume":"12 ","pages":"139-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14982056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}