Revista brasileira de biologia最新文献

{"title":"Phytophilous chironomidae (Diptera) and other macroinvertebrates in the ox-bow Infernão Lake (Jatai Ecological Station, Luiz Antonio, SP, Brazil).","authors":"S. Trivinho-Strixino, L. Correia, K. Sonoda","doi":"10.1590/S0034-71082000000300018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71082000000300018","url":null,"abstract":"Infernão Lake, located within the Jataí Ecological Station in Luiz Ant nio Municipal district (São Paulo State, Brazil), is one of the most typical ox-bow lake of the Mogi-Guaçu River, and it presents, as the main feature, its great quantity of aquatic macrophytes, whose intensive development, in the last years practically covered the whole mirror of water. With the purpose to point out the composition and to establish the relative participation of the phytophilic zoocoenosis that inhabits the different macrophytes of that lake, a collection program of the main vegetation stands was established. The collections, were carried out randomly, during dry season (1994), in stands of Salvinia auriculata, Utricularia sp., Cabomba piauhyensis, Eichhornia azurea and Scirpus cubensis being used specific methodology for each vegetable type. The analysis of the different macrophytes showed the presence of 4,130 macroinvertebrates of 28 families, in which Chironomidae (Diptera) and Naididae (Oligochaeta) were the most representative, contributing on the average with 51% and 25% of the total fauna. Asheum, Beardius, Chironomus, Goeldichironomus, Parachironomus and Polypedilum were the most abundant Chironomidae genera. Species of the genus Dero (Dero) and D. (Aulophorus) represented the most typical Naididac of the phytofauna. With clear faunistic gradient from the shore to the center of the lake, the taxocoenosis indicated low similarity (PSc < 50%), evidencing its own characteristics of each biotope. On the contrary, there was a high similarity (PSc > 60%) among the associated communities on different vegetables, when grouped into feeding guilds, with expressive participation, in most of the macrophytes, of the collector-gatherers category, except on S. auriculata, whose predators (> 50%) and collector-filterers (> 20%) dominance turned that zoocoenosis distinct from the others.","PeriodicalId":76429,"journal":{"name":"Revista brasileira de biologia","volume":"60 3 1","pages":"527-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/S0034-71082000000300018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67177636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Androlaelaps rotundus Fonseca (Acari: Laelapidae) associated with akodontine rodents in Paraguay: a morphometric examination of a pleioxenous ectoparasite.","authors":"D. Gettinger, R. Owen","doi":"10.1590/S0034-71082000000300007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71082000000300007","url":null,"abstract":"A multivariate analysis of morphometric data suggests that the nominally pleioxenous ectoparasite, Androlaelaps rotundus, includes at least three distinct host-associated populations in Paraguay. Where multiple akodontine hosts occur sympatrically, each host species is accompanied by a morphologically distinct mite population. These host-mite associations were consistent across all localities, implying that A. rotundus is a complex of unrecognized species.","PeriodicalId":76429,"journal":{"name":"Revista brasileira de biologia","volume":"60 3 1","pages":"425-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/S0034-71082000000300007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67177191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regression equations between body and head measurements in the broad-snouted Caiman (Caiman latirostris).","authors":"L. Verdade","doi":"10.1590/S0034-71082000000300012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71082000000300012","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, regression equations between body and head length measurements for the broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) are presented. Age and sex are discussed as sources of variation for allometric models. Four body-length, fourteen head-length, and ten ratio variables were taken from wild and captive animals. With the exception of body mass, log-transformation did not improve the regression equations. Besides helping to estimate body-size from head dimensions, the regression equations stressed skull shape changes during the ontogenetic process. All age-dependent variables are also size-dependent (and consequently dependent on growth rate), which is possibly related to the difficulty in predicting age of crocodilians based on single variable growth curves. Sexual dimorphism was detected in the allometric growth of cranium but not in the mandible, which may be evolutionarily related to the visual recognition of gender when individuals exhibit only the top of their heads above the surface of the water, a usual crocodilian behavior.","PeriodicalId":76429,"journal":{"name":"Revista brasileira de biologia","volume":"60 3 1","pages":"469-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/S0034-71082000000300012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67177507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Larval competition in Chrysomya megacephala (F.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae): effects of different levels of larval aggregation on estimates of weight, fecundity and reproductive investment].","authors":"C J Von Zuben,&nbsp;G Stangenhaus,&nbsp;W A Godoy","doi":"10.1590/s0034-71082000000200002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0034-71082000000200002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In insects that utilize patchy and ephemeral resources for feeding and egg laying, the outcome of larval competition for food resources depends on the amount of resources and the spatial distribution of immatures among patches of food. In the present study, the results of larval competition for food in Chrysomya megacephala, in traits such as female weight, fecundity and reproductive investment, were different in situations where the level of larval aggregation (proportion of competitors per amount of food) was the same, but with densities of competitors and amounts of food proportionally different. These results are indicative that the larval competition may depend both on the larval density and the amount of food, in different situations with the same proportion of larvae per gram of food.</p>","PeriodicalId":76429,"journal":{"name":"Revista brasileira de biologia","volume":"60 2","pages":"195-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/s0034-71082000000200002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21794329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monochromatic and polychromatic visual backgrounds influence the response of area 17 and 18 neurons after stimulation with stationary and moving light bars.","authors":"H J Koch","doi":"10.1590/s0034-71082000000200018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0034-71082000000200018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role of colour vision in night-active cats has not been elucidated completely hitherto. In order to assess the colour sensitivity in cat cortical neurons we used large isoluminant computer-generated monochromatic and polychromatic background stimuli which were superimposed on moving and stationary (on/off) light bars. Background stimuli were moved at different speeds either inphase or antiphase. The modulatory effect of the visual noise on the neuronal bar was the primary objective of the study. The maximum amplitudes of some 40% of the neurons tested was influenced by both moving and stationary bars. About two thirds of amplitude-sensitive cells showed aldo altered direction selectivity. Latencies and field widths, on the other hand, turned out to be rather stable. The retino-cortical conduction time was not influenced either. In conclusion, a large portion of cat cortical visual neurons is remarkably sensitive to the spectral composition of the visual noise process surrounding the stimulating light bar.</p>","PeriodicalId":76429,"journal":{"name":"Revista brasileira de biologia","volume":"60 2","pages":"329-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21795377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ontogenetic patterns and genetic variation in Anopheles (Anopheles) intermedius Chagas, 1908 and Anopheles (Anopheles) mattogrossensis Lutz & Neiva, 1911 (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Brazilian amazon.","authors":"G A Rodriguez,&nbsp;J M dos Santos,&nbsp;J de F Maia","doi":"10.1590/s0034-71082000000200020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0034-71082000000200020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Changes in the expression of genes were observed during development in populations of Anopheles (Anopheles) intermedius and Anopheles (Anopheles) mattogrossensis. Esterase showed seven zones of activity: EST1 was present in all developmental stages of both species; EST2 was observed only in larvae of A. intermedius and larvae and pupae of A. mattogrossensis, with greater activity in pupae; EST3 and EST5 were present in all developmental stages, with greater intensity in larvae; EST4 and EST6 showed weak activity in larvae of A. mattogrossensis and was not found in A. intermedius. Leucine aminopeptidase showed four zones of activity, of which LAP1 and LAP2 were found in all stages of A. intermedius, with highest activity in larvae, and in larvae only of A. mattogrossensis. LAP3 was detected in all stages of A. mattogrossensis and in larvae only of A. intermedius. LAP4 was detected only in larvae and pupae of A. mattogrossensis, with greater intensity in pupae. alpha-Glycerophosphate dehydrogenase showed a single zone of activity, detected in older fourth-instar larvae and becoming more intense from the pupal stage onwards.</p>","PeriodicalId":76429,"journal":{"name":"Revista brasileira de biologia","volume":"60 2","pages":"341-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/s0034-71082000000200020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21795379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uptake rates of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water by Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia auriculata.","authors":"Petrucio,&nbsp;Esteves","doi":"10.1590/s0034-71082000000200006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0034-71082000000200006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main goal of this research was to survey information about the physiology of Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia auriculata and their capacity to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from the environment, after quantifying the concentrations of the nitrogen (NO3-N, NH4-N and total-N) and phosphorus (PO4-P and total-P) compounds in the water. The macrophytes were incubated in the laboratory in plastic vials of approximately 1.5 litters containing a previously prepared solution of NH4NO3, NH4Cl and KH2PO4. Eichhornia crassipes exhibited the highest rates of nutrient reduction and the concentrations of NO3-N, NH4-N and PO4-P in the water influenced the uptake rates of nitrogen and phosphorus of the E. crassipes and S. auriculata. This information can help to reach adequate management strategies for aquatic macrophytes in order to reduce the eutrophication process in Imboassica lagoon.</p>","PeriodicalId":76429,"journal":{"name":"Revista brasileira de biologia","volume":"60 2","pages":"229-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/s0034-71082000000200006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21795429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive behavior and seasonal occurrence of Psecas viridipurpureus (Salticidae, Araneae).","authors":"Rossa-Feres,&nbsp;Romero,&nbsp;Gonçalves-De- Freitas E,&nbsp;Feres","doi":"10.1590/s0034-71082000000200005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0034-71082000000200005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The reproductive behavior and the seasonal occurrence of Psecas viridipurpureus were studied at the Estação Ecológica do Noroeste Paulista, a small conservation area in the northwest region of São Paulo State, Brazil (49 degrees 22'50\"W and 20 degrees 48'36\"S). P. viridipurpureus occurred on \"gravatá\", a bromeliaceous plant (Bromelia balansae, Bromeliaceae) which does not accumulate rain water. During the courtship display the couple occupied the median region of the \"gravatá\" leaves, with the male always located in a higher position than the female. The males of P. viridipurpureus showed a complex courtship behavior, which included five motor patterns. The courtship and mating behavior occurred preponderantly during the rainy season and the juvenile recruitment between December and July. The retreat of P. viridipurpureus differs from the Salticidae pattern, since the egg sacs are covered with a plain silk cover and are not wrapped in cocoons.</p>","PeriodicalId":76429,"journal":{"name":"Revista brasileira de biologia","volume":"60 2","pages":"221-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/s0034-71082000000200005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21795428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial heterogeneity of the Tucuruí Reservoir (State of Pará, Amazonia, Brazil) and the distribution of zooplanktonic species.","authors":"Espíndola,&nbsp;Matsumura-Tundisi,&nbsp;Rietzler,&nbsp;Tundisi","doi":"10.1590/s0034-71082000000200001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0034-71082000000200001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the purpose of analyzing the horizontal distribution of the zooplankton community of the Tucuruí Reservoir in the State of Pará, Brazil, collections were made at 16 stations during August 1988. The stations cover the regions called Caraipé (C), Araçagi (B) and Ararão (A), and represent the different compartments of this ecosystem in regard to the morphometry and the presence or absence of \"flooded forest\". Our findings showed the existence of three compartments with different limnological characteristics determined as a function of the system's morphometry, a factor that may have influenced the horizontal circulation of the reservoir's water and, consequently, led to physical, chemical and biological differences at each of the sampled stations. All the stations presented physical and chemical stratification and layers of total anoxia or reduced concentrations of oxygen dissolved at depths corresponding to the limit of the euphotic zone. With regard to the zooplankton, a differentiated distribution that was mainly quantitative was found among the compartments (density of organisms and proportion among the species) in the case of Cladocera and Copepoda, and basically qualitative in the case of Rotifera. On the other hand, the greatest densities of organisms for all the groups were recorded at the Caraipé stations. As for the spatial distribution, some species were more restricted or more abundant at given stations. Among the Cladocera, there was a greater abundance of Moina minuta, Bosmina hagmani and Bosminopsis deitersi at the Araçagi stations, while C. cornuta intermedia, C. cornuta rigaudi and C. cornuta cornuta were more plentiful in the Caraipé and Diaphanosoma birgei in the Ararão. Among the Rotifera, Trochosphaera aequatoriales and Lecane proiecta, Ascomorpha ecaudis, besides Polyartha cf vulgaris were restricted, respectively, to the Caraipé, Araçagi and Ararão stations, while the others, such as Keratella americana and Collotheca sp., were more broadly distributed. As regards Copepoda Calanoida, the dominating species was found to be Notodiaptomus maracaibenses, followed by Notodiaptomus henseni and Argyrodiaptomus azevedoi. The most abundant Cyclopoda species was Thermocyclops minutus, although Thermocyclops decipiens, Mesocyclops longisetus, Mesocyclops meridianus e Metacyclops sp. were also found.</p>","PeriodicalId":76429,"journal":{"name":"Revista brasileira de biologia","volume":"60 2","pages":"179-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/s0034-71082000000200001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21794328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ontogenetic events in androgenesis of Brazilian barley genotypes.","authors":"Silva,&nbsp;Moraes-Fernandes,&nbsp;Ferreira","doi":"10.1590/s0034-71082000000200016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0034-71082000000200016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper describes a simple procedure for obtention of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) doubled haploid plants from Brazilian hybrid genotypes. Anatomical and histological examinations showed the reversion of barley pollen to an sporophytic mode of development. A sequence of mitosis led to the formation of multicellular pollen grains. Regeneration of plants occurred either by direct embryogenesis or callus formation followed by differentiation through direct embryogenesis or organogenesis. Plants were formed in the same medium used for induction dispensing an additional regeneration step. This procedure makes doubled haploid production simpler and faster. Plantlets were transferred to another medium for rooting and after that planted in pots with vermiculite and nutrient solution.</p>","PeriodicalId":76429,"journal":{"name":"Revista brasileira de biologia","volume":"60 2","pages":"315-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/s0034-71082000000200016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21795375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}