Revista brasileira de biologia最新文献_第2页

Characterization of the fishes and of subsistence fishing in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil 巴西马托格罗索州潘塔纳尔地区鱼类和自给渔业的特征

Revista brasileira de biologia Pub Date : 2000-08-01 DOI: 10.1590/S0034-71082000000300008

R. Oliveira, F. Nogueira

{"title":"Characterization of the fishes and of subsistence fishing in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil","authors":"R. Oliveira, F. Nogueira","doi":"10.1590/S0034-71082000000300008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71082000000300008","url":null,"abstract":"Fishing is one of the oldest human activities in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso in Central Brazil. In the of Bento Gomes River Basin (Pantanal of Pocone) the presence of fishermen is very common. The objective of this study is to describe the fishing activity in the basin in view of the elaboration of proposals for the sustainable use of this natural resource. Of the 256 fishermen that were registered most are fishing for their subsistence (92%) and the rest (8%) are occasional fishermen (locally called \"de lufada\" fishermen). \"Traira\" (Hoplias gr. malabaricus) and \"piranhas\" (Serrasalmus marginatus, Serrasalmus spilopleura and Pygocentrus nattereri) were the species most frequently captured for human consumption. The fishing is more intensive during the ebb season and at the beginning of the drought season, when the waters begin to recede for the river channel, as the catch is facilitated by the concentration of fishes at the river margin. The fishermen and their families consume fish three to four times a week, twice a day. Fish meat is one of the only means of obtaining animal protein for dozens of poor families in the area. The number of fishermen, as well as the actual number of catches do not appear to compromise the natural fish stocks, although no specific capture criteria is obeyed by the fishing activity.","PeriodicalId":76429,"journal":{"name":"Revista brasileira de biologia","volume":"60 1","pages":"435-445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/S0034-71082000000300008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67177197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Description and prevalence of Thynnascaris sp. larvae Dollfus, 1933 (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in plagioscion squamosissimus heckel, 1840 from Volta Grande Reservoir, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Thynascaris sp.幼虫的描述和流行Dollfus，1933年（线虫目：Anisakidae）在巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州Volta Grande水库的斜鳞虫中，1840年。

Revista brasileira de biologia Pub Date : 2000-08-01 DOI: 10.1590/S0034-71082000000300017

M. L. Martins, R. Y. Fujimoto, F. R. Moraes, P. Andrade, A. A. Nascimento, E. Malheiros

{"title":"Description and prevalence of Thynnascaris sp. larvae Dollfus, 1933 (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in plagioscion squamosissimus heckel, 1840 from Volta Grande Reservoir, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil.","authors":"M. L. Martins, R. Y. Fujimoto, F. R. Moraes, P. Andrade, A. A. Nascimento, E. Malheiros","doi":"10.1590/S0034-71082000000300017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71082000000300017","url":null,"abstract":"The present work studied helminth parasites of freshwater \"corvina\" Plagioscion squamosissimus from Volta Grande Reservoir, MG, Brazil. Sixty eight fishes with averages of 25.2 cm length and 180.9 g weight were collected with net, bimonthly from December 1995 thru December 1996. Parasites were carefully removed from their cysts that were present in the intestinal mesentery. Specimens were fixed in AFA 65 degrees C and preserved in alcohol 70% with 5% of glicerine. In camera lucida 21 nematodes were drawned after clarification with acetic acid or Amann lactophenol. Nematode larvae were identified as Thynnascaris sp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae). From examined fishes 30 out of 68 presented nematode larvae with a prevalence of 44.1%. The average number of parasites per host was 0.0 to 13.8 and mean intensity of 0.0 to 16.0. Statistical analysis according to Fisher's Exact Test showed that these infections were dependent on the pluviosity and air temperature.","PeriodicalId":76429,"journal":{"name":"Revista brasileira de biologia","volume":"60 3 1","pages":"519-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/S0034-71082000000300017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67177533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Environmental education praxis toward a natural conservation area. 面向自然保护区的环境教育实践。

Revista brasileira de biologia Pub Date : 2000-08-01 DOI: 10.1590/S0034-71082000000300001

J. E. D. Santos, Michèle Sato, José Salatiel Rodrigues Pires, P. Maroti

{"title":"Environmental education praxis toward a natural conservation area.","authors":"J. E. D. Santos, Michèle Sato, José Salatiel Rodrigues Pires, P. Maroti","doi":"10.1590/S0034-71082000000300001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71082000000300001","url":null,"abstract":"A non-formal Environmental Education (EE) Program has been implemented in the natural conservation area (Ecological Station of Jataí, Luiz Ant nio, São Paulo State), through (EE) paradigms, which consider the objectives of education about, in and for the environment within cultural and natural perspectives. The aim of this Program is to support information and scientific knowledge to provide opportunities to the local population to be aware of environmental impacts and risks resulting from the soil use that threaten the environmental quality and the bio diversity of the Ecological Station of Jataí. The Program understands that the promotion of community empowerment could bring the sense of participation and the directives to management for decision-making for local sustainable. The model was projected on local reality, but considering the global issues of environmental paradigms. The environmental characterization (biophysical components) through a Geographical Information Systems was related to the hydrographic basin analysis. The environmental perception was utilized as a main tool to analyse population understanding of local environment, and (EE) pedagogical tools were produced to promote environmental awareness. Since the ecological dimension of (EE) was the main approach, the programme intends to assemble the cultural perspective, achieving the global view of (EE).","PeriodicalId":76429,"journal":{"name":"Revista brasileira de biologia","volume":"60 3 1","pages":"361-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/S0034-71082000000300001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67177110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Trophic structure of fish assemblages in the Lower Miranda River, Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil 巴西南马托格罗索州潘塔纳尔米兰达河下游鱼类群落的营养结构

Revista brasileira de biologia Pub Date : 2000-08-01 DOI: 10.1590/S0034-71082000000300004

E. K. Resende

引用次数: 40

Reproductive cycle of hepatus pudibundus (Herbst, 1785) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Calappidae) in Ubatuba, SP, Brazil. 巴西乌巴图巴省(乌巴图巴，SP) pudibundus (Herbst, 1785)(甲壳纲，十足目，Calappidae)的生殖周期。

Revista brasileira de biologia Pub Date : 2000-08-01 DOI: 10.1590/S0034-71082000000300013

A. Reigada, M. L. Negreiros-Fransozo

{"title":"Reproductive cycle of hepatus pudibundus (Herbst, 1785) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Calappidae) in Ubatuba, SP, Brazil.","authors":"A. Reigada, M. L. Negreiros-Fransozo","doi":"10.1590/S0034-71082000000300013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71082000000300013","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to analyze the reproductive cycle of the crab Hepatus pudibundus (Herbst, 1785). The crabs were collected in Ubatuba, SP (23 degrees 26'S and 45 degrees 02'W) monthly from the July, 1992 to June, 1993. Samplings were performed with an \"otter trawl\". In the laboratory the crabs were numbered, sexed and measured for their maximum carapace width. The gonad developmental stage and the moult stage were also macroscopically registered. In all sampled months ovigerous females and crabs in both sexes with developed gonad were observed. Moult activity in all size classes was verified. Such fact indicates that this species can suffer moult process after their maturity. In despite of temperature being pointed a one of the most important ecological factor in the reproductive biology of aquatic animals, it was verified any relation between water temperature and ovigerous ratio. The oscillations of the environmental factors in the Ubatuba region sea probably were not enough to alter the continuity of the physiological processes related to H. pudibundus reproduction.","PeriodicalId":76429,"journal":{"name":"Revista brasileira de biologia","volume":"70 1","pages":"483-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/S0034-71082000000300013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67177657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 28

Influence of photoperiod on the uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water by Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia auriculata. 光周期对石竹和木耳对水中氮磷吸收的影响。

Revista brasileira de biologia Pub Date : 2000-08-01 DOI: 10.1590/S0034-71082000000300002

M. M. Petrucio, F. Esteves

引用次数: 27

Estimating parasitoid immature mortality by comparing oviposition and pupal development of Trichogramma galloi Zucchi and T. pretiosum Riley on natural and factitious hosts. 通过对天然和人工寄主上的赤眼蜂、南瓜赤眼蜂的产卵和蛹发育的比较，估计寄生蜂的未成熟死亡率。

Revista brasileira de biologia Pub Date : 2000-08-01 DOI: 10.1590/S0034-71082000000300003

F. L. Cônsoli, José Roberto Postali Parra, S. Vinson

{"title":"Estimating parasitoid immature mortality by comparing oviposition and pupal development of Trichogramma galloi Zucchi and T. pretiosum Riley on natural and factitious hosts.","authors":"F. L. Cônsoli, José Roberto Postali Parra, S. Vinson","doi":"10.1590/S0034-71082000000300003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71082000000300003","url":null,"abstract":"Mortality during the immature development of T. galloi and T. pretiosum was estimated on UV-killed and live eggs of a factitious and a natural host, respectively. A staining technique was used to determine the actual parasitization of UV-treated eggs and was compared with the number of parasitoids that emerged per host egg (detectable parasitization). Effects of temperature as a factor of mortality during the immature development of both parasitoids on the factitious host was also assessed. The actual and detectable parasitization of live hosts was measured by recording both the parasitization behavior and the number of eggs where a parasitoid developed successfully. Our data show that mortality during immature development of both parasitoids may occur in live eggs of the natural host. No such mortality was observed when parasitoids developed on UV-killed eggs of the factitious host. Possible causes of parasitoid immature mortality and the effects of using UV-treated eggs of factitious hosts in estimating the parasitism capacity of Trichogramma in field conditions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":76429,"journal":{"name":"Revista brasileira de biologia","volume":"60 3 1","pages":"381-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/S0034-71082000000300003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67176910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Chemotaxis and chemical defenses in seaweed susceptibility to herbivory. 海藻对草食敏感性的趋化性和化学防御。

Revista brasileira de biologia Pub Date : 2000-08-01 DOI: 10.1590/S0034-71082000000300005

R. Pereira, R. Donato, V. L. Teixeira, D. Cavalcanti

{"title":"Chemotaxis and chemical defenses in seaweed susceptibility to herbivory.","authors":"R. Pereira, R. Donato, V. L. Teixeira, D. Cavalcanti","doi":"10.1590/S0034-71082000000300005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71082000000300005","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have show that small marine herbivores with limited mobility (mesograzers) often feed on macroalgae chemically defended against fishes or sea-urchins. In order to verify the involved mechanisms of chemotaxis or chemical defense into this process in Brazilian littoral, two species of brown alga Dictyota menstrualis and Dictyota mertensii were studied against the limited mobility herbivores, the amphipod Parhyale hawaiensis and the crab Pachygrapsus transversus. These two species were studied in order to verify the action of their crude extracts in the defense and chemotaxis processes related to limited mobility of these herbivores. Feeding preference assays revealed that P. hawaiensis do not eaten these Dictyota species. P. transversus do not eaten D. menstrualis either, but consumed large amounts of D. mertensii. Chemical deterrent assays showed that extracts of these species act as feeding deterrent to both species of herbivores. In addition, chemotaxis assays demonstrated that both herbivores are significantly negative chemotactic probably due to the presence of complementary metabolites into artificial foods. Considering that both Dictyota species exhibit active extracts against these small herbivores, we suppose that the non-occurrence of these herbivore species in close relationship with the seaweeds D. menstrualis and D. mertensii may explain the defense action of both extracts related to these mesograzers.","PeriodicalId":76429,"journal":{"name":"Revista brasileira de biologia","volume":"60 3 1","pages":"405-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/S0034-71082000000300005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67177153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29

Estimation of population profiles of two strains of the fly Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae) by bootstrap simulation. 用bootstrap模拟方法估计两种鳞翅目蝇的种群分布。

Revista brasileira de biologia Pub Date : 2000-08-01 DOI: 10.1590/S0034-71082000000300006

A. J. Manzato, W. Tadei, J. Cordeiro

{"title":"Estimation of population profiles of two strains of the fly Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae) by bootstrap simulation.","authors":"A. J. Manzato, W. Tadei, J. Cordeiro","doi":"10.1590/S0034-71082000000300006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71082000000300006","url":null,"abstract":"Based on experimental population profiles of strains of the fly Megaselia scalaris (Phoridae), the minimal number of sample profiles was determined that should be repeated by bootstrap simulation process in order to obtain a confident estimation of the mean population profile and present estimations of the standard error as a precise measure of the simulations made. The original data are from experimental populations founded with SR and R4 strains, with three replicates, which were kept for 33 weeks by serial transfer technique in a constant temperature room (25 +/- 1.0 degrees C). The variable used was population size and the model adopted for each profile was a stationary stochastic process. By these simulations, the three experimental population profiles were enlarged so as to determine minimum sample size. After sample size was determined, bootstrap simulations were made in order to calculate confidence intervals and to compare the mean population profiles of these two strains. The results show that with a minimum sample size of 50, stabilization of means begins.","PeriodicalId":76429,"journal":{"name":"Revista brasileira de biologia","volume":"60 3 1","pages":"415-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/S0034-71082000000300006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67177187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Structural and morphological features of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) gills. mesopotamicus Piaractus (Holmberg, 1887)鳃的结构和形态特征。

Revista brasileira de biologia Pub Date : 2000-08-01 DOI: 10.1590/S0034-71082000000300014

W. Severi, F. Rantin, M. Fernandes

引用次数: 15