Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal最新文献

{"title":"A Review on Tool Pin Geometry of Friction Stir Welding","authors":"Walaa H. Ahmed, A. Kadhum, Mohd Shukor Salleh","doi":"10.22153/kej.2024.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22153/kej.2024.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"Friction stir welding (FSW) is an innovative solid joining operation that has recently been intensively adopted in welding various similar and dissimilar metallic materials, including aluminum, steel, titanium alloys, and others. The success of FSW relies on a set of parameters like rotational speed, travel speed, axial force, tool geometry, etc. The role of tool geometry (involving both pin and shoulder design) is highly important in producing sound and high-strength weld joints. Therefore, this research aims to review the latest published works regarding the performance of different tool geometries. The discussion of the findings of the cited works revealed that each tool pin design has shown different behavior due to the various stirring efficiencies of the materials being welded. All in all, the square threaded pin had the best geometry in terms of its mechanical properties compared to other pin designs. The threaded cylinders and threaded taper are most commonly utilized and offer good joints, while the maximum joint efficiency was achieved by the square pin profile and it reached 94% in some investigations.","PeriodicalId":7637,"journal":{"name":"Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"59 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141280944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of Diclofenac from Contaminated Water using Organoclay as Reactive Material","authors":"Sara M. Saadoon, Alaa Kareem Mohammed, Ziad T. Abd Ali, Israa M. Rashid, Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak, M. Rahimnejad","doi":"10.22153/kej.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22153/kej.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"في هذه الدراسة ، تم ازالة المادة الدوائية الديكلوفيناك (Diclofenac) من المياه الملوثة عن طريق الامتزاز على البنتونيت المعدل. تم تغيير البنتونايت من مادة محبة للماء إلى كارهة للماء باستخدام بروميد الأمونيوم ثلاثي ميثيل هيكساديسيل (HTAB). استخدمت التجارب الدفعية لدراسة تأثير عدد من العوامل على كفاءة عملية الامتزاز. هذه العوامل هي: زمن التلامس ، ودرجة الحموضة (pH) للمحلول ، وسرعة الخلط ، وتركيز الملوث الأولي (Co) ، وجرعة المادة الممتزة. تم تحقيق أقصى إزالة للديكلوفيناك (97٪) في الحالات التالية: زمن التلامس 100 دقيقة ، ودرجة الحموضة 7 ، وسرعة الخلط 200 دورة في الدقيقة ، والتركيز الأولي لـ Co 50 جزء في المليون ، والجرعة الممتزة 0.3 جم بينتونيت لكل 100 مل من المحلول الملوث. تم استخدام الفحص المجهري الإلكتروني للماسح الضوئي (SEM) والتحليل الطيفي للأشعة تحت الحمراء لتحويل فورييه (FTIR) لتشخيص صفات المادة الممتزة (البنتونايت المعدل ). وجد ان موديل Langmuir هو الأنسب لتمثيل البيانات التجريبية التي تم الحصول عليها في المختبر. تم دراسة حركية عملية الامتزاز ووجد انها تتمثل بشكل جيد بتفاعل زائف من الدرجة الثانية. كانت عملية الامتزاز ماصة للحرارة وتلقائية ، وفقًا لتحليلات الديناميكا الحرارية.","PeriodicalId":7637,"journal":{"name":"Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"135 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141281812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Gait Phases Recognition by EMG and Kinematics Information Fusion and a Minimal Recording Setuping Setup","authors":"R. Mobarak, A. Mengarelli, F. Verdini, S. Fioretti, L. Burattini, A. Tigrini","doi":"10.22153/kej.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22153/kej.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"The limited mobility of lower limb amputees highlights the need for advancements in prosthetic control strategies to restore natural locomotion. This paper proposes an information fusion approach for gait phase recognition using surface electromyography (sEMG) and kinematics data. Time-domain (TD) features were extracted from the myoelectric data and three data-driven models, specifically Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), were compared in three different input conditions i.e. sEMG features, hip angle, and their fusion. Gait phase estimation results averaged from 40 healthy participants during normal walking with 10 strides per each demonstrated that the proposed fusion approach has consistently outperformed (p<0.0001) the other two conditions achieving a maximum accuracy of 85.48% with SVM. The findings suggest promising applications in prosthetic motion control and rehabilitative exoskeletons, highlighting the potential for improved user-driven strategies in lower limb prostheses.","PeriodicalId":7637,"journal":{"name":"Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"60 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141279922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Foot Deformities in Patient with Knee Osteoarthritis","authors":"Ruba Musaid, A. Ghazwan, Waleed A. Al-Saadan","doi":"10.22153/kej.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22153/kej.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"Foot morphology evaluation techniques are commonly used to evaluate foot abnormalities. The foot is essential for keeping the biomechanical performance of the lower extremities. Knee osteoarthritis is a pathological condition that could lead to foot deformities. The major goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence of foot deformity in patients with Knee osteoarthritis. Another goal was to quantify the impact of pain and the severity of osteoarthritis foot morphological changes in Knee osteoarthritis patients.A total of seventy-eight participants took part in this study, including forty-six non-pathological subjects and thirty-two subjects diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis. Foot characteristics were assessed by a podoscope that can automatically estimate foot morphological parameters including Arch Index, Chippaux-Smirak Index, Staheli Index, Weisflog's index, Clarke’s angle and Hallux valgus angle. Numerous foot-related variables have been connected in a direct manner to knee osteoarthritis. Particularly, those who had knee osteoarthritis had substantially higher values for the Arch index (0.29±0.018; P=0.00), Chippaux-Smirak index (0.55±0.5; P=0.00), Staheli index (0.77±0.7; P=0.00), and Weisflog's index (2.7±0.25; P=0.00) than those who did not have this disease. Furthermore, their Clarke's angle and Hallux valgus angle exhibited high values of (30.27±2.7) and (13±1.8), respectively. There were also significant correlations found within the knee osteoarthritis group. There was, for example, a substantial positive correlation between the Arch Index and the Chippaux-Smirak Index (0.767; p=0.00), the Arch Index and the Staheli Index (r=0.35; p=0.04), and the Chippaux-Smirak Index and the Staheli Index (r=0.44; p=0.01). In terms of foot abnormalities, the Midfoot (333.528.6; p=0.00) was more significant than the Rearfoot (604.25±31.2; p=0.85) and Hindfoot (433.3±35.2; p=1.66). With association values of (r=0.4; p=0.02) and (r=0.4; p=0.04), the Arch Index and Chippaux-Smirak Index were both significantly linked with the severity of knee osteoarthritis.Foot abnormalities are substantially more prevalent in persons with Knee osteoarthritis. Collapsed medial longitudinal arch, transverse arch, and hallux valgus are all variables to consider in the management of Knee osteoarthritis. Healthcare providers may target Knee osteoarthritis effects on midfoot morphology with focused therapies. Custom orthotic devices, footwear adjustments, and particular workouts may enhance midfoot stability and alignment. Assessing foot morphology allows healthcare providers to enhance knee osteoarthritis therapy and patient results.","PeriodicalId":7637,"journal":{"name":"Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141280194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GSM-enabled Wireless Patient Monitoring System Integrating Microcontroller for Managing Vital Signstal signs","authors":"Tariq Emad Ali, F. Ali, M. Tejfel, Alwahab Dhulfiqar Zoltán","doi":"10.22153/kej.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22153/kej.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"The primary focus of this project is developing a cutting-edge remote monitoring of patients device for use in an intensive care unit (ICU). The gadget is designed to capture and transmit vital health data from the patient's body, including oxygen saturation levels, heart rate, and temperatures. It is also capable of monitoring a pacemaker. Information is then sent to a remote location after that. The suggested system receives the patient's vital signs and uses them as input on a computer in the nursing room. This transmission is made possible via a transmitter-receiver system consisting of two Arduino kits connected to Bluetooth devices. If any anomalous numbers are discovered as the data is processed, the computer notifies the doctor via the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and the doctor's mobile device. The primary objective of this device is to enable remote monitoring of a patient's medical parameters and prompt alerting of doctors who are situated in remote places of any concerning circumstances. The doctor's mobile device receives the collected values from the workstation. The entire system's structure is implemented using the Visual Basic programming dialect.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":7637,"journal":{"name":"Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141231788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Analysis of Different Machine Learning Algorithms for Predictive Maintenance","authors":"Noor A. Mohammed, Osamah F. Abdulateef, Ali H. Hamad, Oday I. Abdullah","doi":"10.22153/kej.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22153/kej.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"يقدم هذا العمل دراسة شاملة عن تقييم أداء خوارزميات التعلم الآلي المختلفة للصيانة التنبؤية في سياق مراقبة حالة محرك التيار المتردد. يركز البحث على سيناريوهات واقعية لتقييم قدرات الخوارزميات المختلفة في التنبؤ بكل من حدوث الأعطال ونوع الفشل المحدد في محركات التيار المتردد. يتم استخدام خمس خوارزميات بارزة للتعلم الآلي، وهي Random Forest (RFC)، وSupport Vector Machine (SVM)، وK-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)، والانحدار اللوجستي (LR)، وXGBoost (XGB)، في هذا العمل. يتضمن التقييم تحليلًا مقارنًا لهذه الخوارزميات بناءً على دقتها التنبؤية، مع مجموعات تدريب بأحجام مختلفة. قبل تطوير النموذج، يتم تطبيق تقنيات معالجة مسبقة صارمة للبيانات لضمان صحة افتراضات النموذج وتحسين الأداء. تتضمن مرحلة المعالجة المسبقة إزالة العينات الغامضة، وترميز الأعمدة الفئوية باستخدام ترميز الملصقات، وقياس الأعمدة. ومن المثير للاهتمام، إعادة النظر في تحديد نقاط البيانات التي تبدو غريبة، مما يكشف عن دورها الأساسي في التقاط التباين الطبيعي لمجموعة البيانات وتعزيز مهام التصنيف. لوحظ أن هذه الميزات المحددة هي مساهمات محورية في النماذج التنبؤية. يوضح العمل أنه بالنسبة للتنبؤ بفشل الآلة وتحديد أنواع الفشل، فإن الخوارزميات تظهر أداءً مشابهًا. الفرق الأساسي يكمن في وقت التدريب. تبرز خوارزمية K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) باستمرار باعتبارها النموذج الأفضل أداءً لكلتا المهمتين، في حين تؤدي آلة Support Vector Machine (SVM) أداءً دون المستوى الأمثل في مهام التنبؤ بالفشل الثنائي، وXGBoost (XGB) في مهام التنبؤ بالفشل متعددة الفئات، بسبب أوقات استجابتهم. في الختام، تؤكد هذه الورقة على أهمية اختيار نماذج التعلم الآلي المناسبة للصيانة التنبؤية، مع الأخذ في الاعتبار المفاضلة بين الدقة ووقت التدريب. توفر النتائج رؤى قيمة للشركات التي تهدف إلى تنفيذ استراتيجيات صيانة تنبؤية تتسم بالكفاءة والفعالية، مع ظهور KNN كخيار مثالي للتطبيق السريع.","PeriodicalId":7637,"journal":{"name":"Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"51 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141232063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finite Element Analysis of New Designed Intercalary Prosthesis Implant (Ulna Bone)","authors":"Sadeer Anwer Mustafa, Ahmed Z. M. Shammari, Wmieth A. J. Augla, M. N. Mohammed","doi":"10.22153/kej.2024.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22153/kej.2024.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"   \u0000Implantation via an intercalary prosthetic method is a reliable solution for reconstructing a long defect in bones that has been damaged by severe disease or accidents. In the current study, using data from computed tomography (CT) scans, a novel costumed intercalary prosthesis design has been created. To achieve this purpose, the CT scan data of a patient in (DICOM) file format was converted into computer-aided design models and saved in stereolithography (STL) format using the 3D slicer (5.0.3) software. The STL files were loaded into Meshmixer software to design the models of the intercalary prosthesis. Finite element analysis (FEA) was applied to validate the strength of the prosthesis with impact, tensile testing, and torsional testing. According to the results of the impact tests, the highest recorded deformation was 8.8485e-002 m in the area where the implant body interfaces with the bone intramedullary canal, due to the high-stress (Von Mises Stress) value of 3.78 E9 PA. In the torsional loaded the highest deformation recorded was 1.3871e-008 m when the Von Mises stress reached 49006 PA,  and with the application of the tensile test the largest deformation measured as 1.0458e-006 m at maximum Von Mises stress seen was recorded as 6.6012e+006 PA which caused that. A solid rod of Ti6Al4V alloy was selected. Finally, the analysis proved that the implant had enhanced mechanical properties. Based on the findings, it can be inferred that the prosthesis was successfully implanted, and a satisfactory result was obtained by using this design method.","PeriodicalId":7637,"journal":{"name":"Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"143 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141281318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and Simulation of Hydraulic Proportional Control Valves with Different Types of Controllers s","authors":"Sarah M. Rashid, Maher Yahya Salloom, N. H. B. Jemily, A. H.","doi":"10.22153/kej.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22153/kej.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تصميم وتطويرمنصة ذاتية التوازن. تستخدم في العديد من التطبيقات الصناعية التي تحتاج الى استواء سطح المنصة لضمان عملها بكفاءة عالية. تم تصميم وتنفيذ منصة تتكون من اسطوانتين هيدروليكية يتم التحكم بهما بواسطة صمامين سيطرة هيدروليكية تناسبية. يتضمن تصميم النظام الهيدروليكي الافتراضي تحليل النظام واشتقاقه. وبعد ذلك، تم تقييم أداء النظام من خلال تحديد النهج الأمثل للحصول على البيانات kp وki و  kd. من خلال استخدام محاكاة MATLAB ، تم إجراء فحص لتحسين وحدة التحكم PID للخوارزمية الجينية (GA) الحالية وخوارزمية تحسين سرب الجسيمات (PSO). تشير النتائج إلى أن خوارزمية التحكم PID للخوارزمية الجينية (GA) تتفوق على في تحسين أداء النظام من خوارزمية تحسين سرب الجسيمات (PSO) . كان معيار التحكم في الأخطاء الذي تم اختياره لنظام التحكم في منصة التوازن الذاتي هو نوع الخطأ المطلق للوقت المتكامل . (ITAE). يُظهر النظام معدلًا محسّنًا للتقارب.","PeriodicalId":7637,"journal":{"name":"Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"65 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141278449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Karnaugh Maps Adaptability to Implement Multiple-Actuator Pneumatic Circuits","authors":"ALZahraa Nather, M. Salloom, Amir Azizi, Sahala Siallagan","doi":"10.22153/kej.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22153/kej.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"  ","PeriodicalId":7637,"journal":{"name":"Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"60 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140085236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Analysis of Isometric Ankle Torque and Muscle Activity during Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion","authors":"Osamah A. A. Almasiri, Ali K. Buniya, Hussam K Abdul-Ameer","doi":"10.22153/kej.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22153/kej.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"الخلاصة \u0000تعتبر حركات القدم والكاحل ، مثل الثني الظهري (رفع القدم لأعلى) والثني الأخمصي (توجيه القدم لأسفل) ، أساسية لمجموعة من الأنشطة اليومية مثل المشي والجري والحفاظ على التوازن. حيث تعتمد الميكانيكا الحيوية المناسبة في هذه الحركات على تنسيق عالي بين لكل عضلة حول مفصل الكاحل. \u0000Save translation \u0000في هذا البحث تم التحقق من العلاقة بين عزم دوران الكاحل متساوي القياس والنشاط العضلي لعظلة الظنبوب الأمامية  وعضلة الساق البطنية أثناء الثني الظهري والثني الأخمصي. اشتملت الدراسة على ثمانية أشخاص أصحاء ، وتم استخدام قياس النشاط الكهربي للعضلة السطحي (sEMG) لتسجيل نشاط العضلات. أظهرت النتائج أن عزم الكاحل كان أعلى أثناء الانثناء الأخمصي مقارنة بالانثناء الظهري. علاوة على ذلك ، أظهر عضلة الظنبوب الأمامية نشاطًا عضليًا أكبر أثناء الانثناء الظهري ، بينما أظهر عضلة الساق البطنية نشاطًا أعلى أثناء الثني الأخمصي. تلقي هذه النتائج الضوء على الميكانيكا الحيوية للكاحل ولما لها من آثار محتملة على التدخلات السريرية واستراتيجيات إعادة تأهيل القدم. هذه الدراسة تعطي تبريرا كافية لإجراء مزيد من البحث حول أدوار عضلات الثني الأخرى في حركات الكاحل للحصول على رؤى شاملة حول تنشيط العضلات وعزم دوران الكاحل متساوي القياس. \u0000  \u0000  \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":7637,"journal":{"name":"Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"119 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140089437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}