American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology最新文献

{"title":"GL261 glioblastoma induces delayed body weight gain and stunted skeletal muscle growth in young mice.","authors":"Joshua R Huot, Nicholas A Jamnick, Fabrizio Pin, Patrick D Livingston, Chandler S Callaway, Sarah Morrow, Andrea Bonetto","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00035.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpregu.00035.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The survival rate for children and adolescents has increased to over 85%. However, there is limited understanding of the impact of pediatric cancers on muscle development and physiology. Given that brain tumors alone account for 26% of all pediatric cancers, this study aimed to investigate the skeletal muscle consequences of tumor growth in young mice. C2C12 myotubes were cocultured with GL261 murine glioblastoma cells to assess myotube size. GL261 cells were then injected subcutaneously into 4-wk-old male C57BL/6J mice. Animals were euthanized 28 days post-GL261 implantation. Muscle function was tested in vivo and ex vivo. Muscle protein synthesis was estimated via the SUnSET method, and gene/protein expression levels were assessed via Western blotting and qPCR. In vitro, the C2C12 cultures exposed to GL261 exhibited myotube atrophy, consistent with a disrupted anabolic/catabolic balance. In vivo, carcass, heart, and fat mass were significantly reduced in the tumor-bearing mice. Skeletal muscle growth was impeded in the GL261 hosts, along with a smaller muscle cross-sectional area (CSA). Both in vivo muscle torque and the ex vivo Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) muscle force were unchanged. At molecular level, the tumor hosts displayed reduced estimations of muscle protein synthesis and increased muscle protein ubiquitination, in disagreement with decreased muscle ubiquitin ligase mRNA expression. Overall, we showed that GL261 tumors impact the growth of pediatric mice by stunting skeletal muscle development, decreasing muscle mass, reducing muscle fiber size, diminishing muscle protein synthesis, and altering protein catabolism signaling.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This study shows that pediatric brain tumors stunt muscle development in young mice. GL261 glioblastoma cells caused myotube atrophy, reduced carcass, heart, and fat mass, and impeded skeletal muscle growth. Tumor-bearing mice had decreased muscle protein synthesis and increased protein ubiquitination. This is the first demonstration that GL261 tumors reduce muscle mass and fiber size, impair muscle function and innervation, and alter muscle protein turnover.</p>","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":"328 6","pages":"R628-R641"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143955882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of nutritional factors in exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: a narrative review.","authors":"Abigail S Sogard, Travis S Emerson, Christopher A Chandler, Emily A Cobb, Ren-Jay Shei, Hunter L Paris, Martin R Lindley, Timothy D Mickleborough","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00249.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00249.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) describes an acute narrowing of the airways that develops following vigorous physical activity. Clinical responses to current asthma therapy, such as leukotriene antagonists and corticosteroids, are heterogeneous, even with optimal treatment. Epidemiological studies indicate an increasing use of complementary and alternative medicine therapy in asthma patients due to the lack of efficacy of conventional treatment, concerns about potentially harmful side effects of pharmacological treatment, cost barriers to asthma care, and the accessibility of complementary and alternative medicine therapy. Plausible physiological mechanisms now exist for many nutrients as potential modifiers of EIB severity, primarily because of their role in inflammatory processes, airway smooth muscle function, and modulation of lung microvascular volume and pressure. Dietary supplementation as a treatment for EIB has generally shown evidence of significant yet incomplete inhibition of EIB with low-salt diets, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin C when supplemented for up to 3 weeks. However, larger, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trials are needed to clarify the effectiveness of nutritional intervention in individuals with EIB. Additionally, many studies have focused on nonathletes with EIB, and therefore, more studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of nutritional intervention on EIB in elite athletes. In conclusion, if dietary supplementation or restriction is prescribed, it should be seen as an option to lessen the reliance on pharmaceutical interventions and not as an alternative to established pharmacotherapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":"328 6","pages":"R651-R684"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of surgical bladder catheter implantation on voiding function in mice.","authors":"Benjamin E Rubin, Margaret A Vizzard, Gerald M Herrera","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00300.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpregu.00300.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lower urinary tract (LUT) disorders significantly impact quality of life, yet treatment advancements remain limited. Animal models, such as those using invasive urodynamics with surgically implanted suprapubic bladder catheters, are vital for preclinical research. However, the effects of catheter implantation on bladder function have not been well characterized. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of surgical bladder catheter implantation on voiding function in male and female mice by comparing noninvasive voiding behavior before and after bladder catheter implantation in the same animals. We assessed voiding parameters in 16 mice (<i>n</i> = 7 male and <i>n</i> = 9 female) before and after catheter implantation using noninvasive voiding assays conducted in a home-cage environment. These assessments revealed significant changes in postimplantation voiding behavior, characterized by increased void frequency (<i>P</i> = 0.0004) and decreases in both void volumes (<i>P</i> < 0.0001) and intermicturition intervals (<i>P</i> = 0.0006). Urodynamic studies further demonstrated that bladder capacities were reduced 10%-30% compared with preimplantation estimates, reflecting physical reductions in bladder volume caused by the catheterization procedure. Similar results in the voiding function were seen in both male and female mice. These findings demonstrate that surgical catheter implantation alters voiding function, with overall consistent effects observed across sexes. The observed changes likely result from physical bladder size reduction due to catheter placement and the use of a purse-string suture to secure the catheter. This study underscores the importance of accounting for procedural artifacts in preclinical LUT research to ensure translational relevance.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This study provides the first characterization of voiding behavior and bladder function changes following surgical bladder catheter implantation in mice, as measured using noninvasive assays. We show that surgical catheter implantation reduces bladder capacity and significantly alters voiding parameters, including frequency, volume, and intermicturition intervals, with overall consistent effects across sexes. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for procedural artifacts when interpreting LUT function in preclinical models, ensuring translational relevance for future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":" ","pages":"R718-R726"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12145183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reutericyclin mitigates risperidone-induced suppression of anaerobic energy expenditure.","authors":"Matthew A Hadiono, Alexis B Kazen, Fatima A Aboulalazm, Colin M L Burnett, John J Reho, Tammy L Kindel, Justin L Grobe, John R Kirby","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00190.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpregu.00190.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent studies from our laboratory demonstrated that the gut microbial community represents a thermogenic biomass, as cecectomy causes an ∼8% decrease in total energy expenditure (EE) via suppression of anaerobic EE. The composition of the microbial community also dictates the EE of the microbial biomass as treatment with the antipsychotic, risperidone, suppresses anaerobic EE in a microbiome-dependent manner. Finally, we have determined that a specialized metabolite produced by <i>Limosilactobacillus reuteri</i>, reutericyclin (RTC), opposes the weight-gain effects of risperidone. In the present study, we performed comprehensive evaluations of energy balance in female C57BL/6J mice treated with risperidone, RTC, or both, to identify mechanisms by which RTC affects energy balance to mitigate risperidone-induced weight gain. We observed that risperidone suppressed anaerobic EE, and that RTC coadministration ameliorated the anaerobic EE suppression and weight gain induced by risperidone. Because anaerobic EE is dependent on the gut microbiota, we performed 16S and whole genome shotgun sequencing on stool and cecal samples following whole animal calorimetry. Risperidone and RTC treatments reciprocally modified the relative abundance of taxa known to participate in fermentation, especially for the production of short-chain fatty acids, which have been correlated with health and leanness in both humans and mice. Together, our data demonstrate that treatment with RTC positively modulates anaerobic EE, possibly by enhancing fermentation of the gut microbial community, and may represent a novel therapeutic in the treatment of obesity.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> The gut microbial community represents a thermogenic biomass. The composition of the microbial community dictates energy expenditure of the microbial biomass and is altered by xenobiotics and bacterial metabolites. This study demonstrates that treatment with reutericyclin positively modulates anaerobic energy expenditure and may represent a novel therapeutic in the treatment of obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":" ","pages":"R741-R757"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Swimming-induced cardioprotection and cardiac remodeling are a multi-organ affair.","authors":"Joseph Mannozzi","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00086.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00086.2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":"328 6","pages":"R700-R702"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143955620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining autonomic sympathetic tone and reactivity using Baevsky's stress index.","authors":"Jan D Huizinga, Ji-Hong Chen, Amer Hussain, Difei Zheng, Lijun Liu, Hansel Lui, Maxwell Pan, Xurui Chen, Brienna DiBattista, Marzia Alam, Julia Niro","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00243.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpregu.00243.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The extrinsic autonomic nervous system is critical in controlling most organ functions and is involved in the pathophysiology of many chronic diseases. However, its assessment plays a minor role in the clinical practice of diagnosis and treatment outside cardiology. Since sympathetic dysfunction is related to diseases such as diabetes, chronic stress, and urinary and gastrointestinal motor dysfunction, an autonomic assessment is warranted. Here, we evaluate the Baevsky stress index (SI) to assess sympathetic tone and reactivity based on heart rate variability. We start with discussing Baevsky's original stress index. We propose an optimized calculation of SI and assess the SI of 73 self-declared healthy subjects in the age groups 16-35 yr, 35-50 yr, and 50+ yr at supine baseline and in response to postural change from supine to standing. Normality assessment and kernel density analysis identified two subgroups: one we deemed to have normal autonomic functioning, and an outlier group with significantly higher baseline sympathetic index (SI) and sympathetic reactivity to standing. Using a Gaussian mixture model, we determined normal SI values and values for autonomic stress and autonomic dysfunction. This study provides a needed start to evaluate sympathetic dysfunction using heart rate variability.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> To help diagnose autonomic dysfunction in chronic diseases, Baevsky's stress index is evaluated for the assessment of sympathetic tone and reactivity. Ranges of control values are given for different age groups, and significant differences are shown with patients with chronic gastrointestinal motility disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":" ","pages":"R562-R577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep tight with vitamin D's might.","authors":"John J Durocher, Ezra Mutai","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00058.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpregu.00058.2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":" ","pages":"R557-R558"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MLO-Y4 fluid flow shear stress conditioned media enhances cardiac contractility and intracellular Ca².","authors":"Anuhya Dayal, Mark Gray, Julian A Vallejo, Nuria Lara-Castillo, Mark L Johnson, Michael J Wacker","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00287.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpregu.00287.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The skeleton is in complex interplay with the other systems of the body and is highly responsive to input from the external environment. Bone mechanical loading results in interstitial fluid flow via the lacunar-canalicular system, generating fluid flow sheer stress (FFSS). FFSS variably stresses osteocytes, subsequently causing the release of metabolites and protein factors that function locally to increase bone formation and may play a role in cross talk between various organ systems, for instance between bone and skeletal muscle. Therefore, we hypothesized that this cross talk includes altering cardiac function. To test this hypothesis, media conditioned by MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cell culture line under FFSS was used to model the endocrine effects of bone during mechanical loading on contraction of ex vivo Langendorf-perfused isolated hearts. When hearts were externally paced at a fixed rate, FFSS osteocyte conditioned media (CM) induced significant premature contractions compared with vehicle (control). FFSS osteocyte CM administration to self-paced hearts increased total contraction force by 31%. To determine whether the mechanism involved intracellular Ca²⁺, vehicle and FFSS bone CM were perfused over cultured H9C2 cardiomyocytes while undergoing Ca²⁺ imaging using Fluo-8. We observed an increase in intracellular Ca²⁺ with FFSS CM perfusion of cardiomyocytes compared with vehicle. These increases were only present with exogenous electrical pacing. Our findings demonstrate that FFSS bone CM enhances cardiac contractility by increasing intracellular cardiomyocyte Ca²⁺. The results obtained in this study suggest that the skeleton, responding to mechanical strain, has the potential to augment cardiac output and provide evidence for bone-heart cross talk.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> The skeletal system operates as an endocrine organ, releasing factors that impact multi-tissue physiology. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that conditioned media collected from MLO-Y4 osteocytes exposed to fluid flow shear stress increases cardiomyocyte intracellular calcium and enhances cardiac contractility in vitro. These results support the concept of bone-heart cross talk that may have implications in exercise training, reduced-function settings such as bedrest, and the interplay between bone and heart health.</p>","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":" ","pages":"R591-R600"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12282643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac autonomic function in young, healthy adults: Influence of race and sex.","authors":"Ziba Taherzadeh, Claire E Kissell, Benjamin E Young, Taha A Alhalimi, Brandi Y Stephens, Jasdeep Kaur, Yungfei Kao, R Matthew Brothers, Paul J Fadel","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00288.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpregu.00288.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-Hispanic Black (BL) adults living in the United States are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with their non-Hispanic White (WH) counterparts. Although measures of cardiac autonomic function [i.e., spontaneous cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and heart rate variability (HRV)] have a predictive value for CVD, studies investigating racial differences in cardiac autonomic function are limited and have reported conflicting results. Furthermore, sex differences are often not considered despite BL women having a high prevalence of CVD. We hypothesized that young BL men and women would exhibit lower cardiac BRS and HRV compared with their WH counterparts. Heart rate and beat-to-beat blood pressure were continuously recorded during 5 min of supine rest in 145 young (18-33 yr), healthy, BL (37 men, 38 women) and WH (39 men, 31 women) adults to assess cardiac BRS and HRV. Overall cardiac BRS (sequence method) was higher in BL adults compared with WH adults (<i>P</i> < 0.001), which was mainly driven by differences between BL and WH men (BL men: 34 ± 16 vs. WH men: 21 ± 9 ms/mmHg, <i>P</i> < 0.001) compared with women (BL women: 27 ± 12 vs. WH women: 24 ± 11 ms/mmHg; <i>P</i> > 0.05). Likewise, greater HRV in BL adults, indexed by root mean square of successive differences, was primarily driven by BL men (BL men: 109 ± 59 vs. WH men: 64 ± 33 ms; <i>P</i> < 0.001) rather than BL women (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Thus, contrary to our hypothesis, these results support that reduced cardiac autonomic function does not manifest early in life among young BL adults.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Herein, we demonstrated that BL adults do not have lower cardiac autonomic function compared with WH adults. Rather BL men had greater spontaneous cardiac baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability compared with WH men while no differences were found among BL and WH women. These findings suggest that reduced cardiac autonomic function, which could increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, does not appear early in life in healthy BL adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":" ","pages":"R611-R618"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum cytokines and their soluble receptors are differently regulated between trained and untrained men after vigorous endurance exercise.","authors":"Jeremy B Ducharme, Jonathan W Specht, Alyssa R Bailly, Michael R Deyhle","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00010.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpregu.00010.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endurance training contributes to immune system changes that help manage exercise-induced stress and promote an anti-inflammatory effect. However, the specific mechanisms underlying these adaptations are still being explored. Cytokines play a key role in both acute and chronic exercise responses through interactions with their receptors, which are present in both membrane-bound and soluble forms. Yet, the impact of exercise on cytokines and soluble cytokine receptors in parallel remains understudied. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess how cytokines and their soluble receptors change in serum after vigorous exercise in endurance-trained and untrained men. Following 1-h of cycling at their respiratory compensation point, untrained men (<i>n</i> = 5) exhibited a significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, CCL2, and VEGFA. In contrast, anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and IL-1Ra were reduced. These effects were not observed in the trained group (<i>n</i> = 7). Instead, proinflammatory cytokine levels remained close to the baseline, whereas the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-1Ra increased. In the trained group, these cytokine changes were accompanied by a marked increase in the expression of soluble cytokine receptors known to inhibit cytokine-mediated signaling, such as sIL-1RII, sGP130, sTNFRI, sTNFRII, sVEGFR1, and sVEGFR2, indicating reduced cytokine bioavailability. However, in the untrained group, the expression of these soluble cytokine receptors either remained unchanged or decreased, suggesting greater cytokine bioavailability. Together these findings highlight a novel potential anti-inflammatory adaptation such that trained men present a blunted inflammatory response by both reduced inflammatory cytokines and increased soluble cytokine receptors after exercise compared with untrained men.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Our study identifies a novel potential anti-inflammatory adaptation to endurance training, where trained men present a blunted inflammatory response characterized by reduced inflammatory cytokines and increased soluble cytokine receptors, resulting in decreased cytokine bioavailability after exercise compared with untrained men.</p>","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":" ","pages":"R581-R587"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}