American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology最新文献

{"title":"The anorexigenic peptide nesfatin-1 dampens the B cell response to receptor-mediated stimulation through inhibition of NF-κB signaling.","authors":"Tara L Steffen, Joshua D Stafford, Colleen R Bocke, Willis K Samson, Gina L C Yosten","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00233.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpregu.00233.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nesfatin-1, a posttranslational product of the protein encoded by the nucleobindin 2 gene (NUCB2), was functionally identified as an appetite regulatory molecule in rat hypothalamic nuclei. In the years following the discovery, those findings have been corroborated and expanded upon, and we now know that nesfatin-1 is expressed throughout peripheral tissues and exerts physiological effects beyond feeding control. Literature indicates that adipose tissue is one of the peripheral sources of NUCB2/nesfatin-1, and in this setting, it has anti-inflammatory effects that have recently been implicated in regulating chronic inflammation associated with diet-induced obesity. Currently, there are gaps in our understanding of what cell types within the adipose tissue compartment respond to nesfatin-1, in addition to the cellular mechanism(s) of this peptide. In this study, we sought to determine a mechanism by which this peptide might directly interact with the immune system starting with a human B cell line, Raji. We show that nesfatin-1 inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and B cell receptor (BCR) dual stimulation-mediated B cell growth, stimulation-induced cell death, and secretion of inflammatory mediators. Specifically, there was a reduced fold-change in B cell growth during stimulation which is paired with a reduction in the formation of apoptotic (annexin V⁺) cells. In addition, nesfatin-1 significantly reduced IgM secretion and modestly reduced TNFα secretion by stimulated B cells. The anti-inflammatory effects of nesfatin-1 overall are likely due to attenuation of NF-κB signaling, via inhibition of IκB degradation, in stimulated B cells.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This study establishes an interaction of nesfatin-1 and a human B cell line, Raji. Nesfatin-1 was shown to limit the B cell response to receptor-mediated stimulation, an action that has potential implications within the immune system and the development of chronic inflammation associated with the obese state. This study, along with previously published works, highlights a need for further research on nesfatin-1's interactions with adipocytes and immune cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":" ","pages":"R601-R610"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible role of muscle AMP deamination.","authors":"Jerzy A Zoladz, Joanna Majerczak, Bernard Korzeniewski","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00030.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpregu.00030.2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":" ","pages":"R588-R590"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sudorific agonist pathways: which direction to take and are there possible interactions?","authors":"Thad E Wilson, Kristen Metzler-Wilson, Kelsey A Bullens","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00041.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpregu.00041.2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":" ","pages":"R578-R580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Follow the fat. Regulation of metabolic substrates in trout.","authors":"Grant B McClelland, Sulayman A Lyons","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00060.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpregu.00060.2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":" ","pages":"R559-R561"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms involved in cardiovascular and hydroelectrolytic changes in dehydrated high-fat-diet-fed rats.","authors":"Jéssica Matheus Sá, Marcos Vinícius Fernandes, Roberto Braz Pontes, Eduardo Colombari, José Vanderlei Menani, Débora Simões Almeida Colombari","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00171.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpregu.00171.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity is increasingly prevalent worldwide, and climate change is exacerbating water shortages, leading to dehydration. Both obesity and dehydration cause increased arterial pressure (AP), fluid electrolytic imbalance, and neuroinflammation. Thus, the present study aimed to verify the changes in the cardiovascular system, hydroelectrolytic balance, and microglia and neuronal activation in rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) in response to 24 h of water deprivation (WD) and the possible mechanisms involved. Male Holtzman rats (290-310 g) were fed with a standard diet (SD, 10% calories from fat) or HFD (46% calories from fat) for 6 wk before the WD experiments. Compared with WD SD rats, WD HFD rats presented a greater c-Fos immunolabeling in the subfornical organ (SFO) and supraoptic nucleus and greater microglial activation in SFO. WD-induced water intake was lower in HFD rats than in SD rats. WD HFD rats presented greater antidiuresis and lesser natriuresis than WD SD rats. Renal denervation did not change the antidiuresis or natriuresis observed in WD HFD- or SD-fed rats. The lower water intake in WD HFD rats might be due to neuroinflammation and/or decreased urinary output. The increase in AP after WD was similar between HFD and SD, but it is more dependent on angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor activation in HFD rats. Overall, HFD rats seem less responsive to fluid and electrolyte balance responses to WD, highlighting the need for strategies to prevent dehydration in individuals with obesity, particularly during rising drought conditions worldwide.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Obesity and dehydration are common worldwide. Our study with an animal model found that changes in arterial pressure are linked to increased activation of the AT1 receptor in obese, dehydrated rats. The renal nerves appear unrelated to the significant decrease in urinary volume and sodium excretion in these animals. Neuroinflammation and reduced urine output may explain their lower water intake. These findings highlight the need for strategies to prevent dehydration in individuals with obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":" ","pages":"R481-R491"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of successive sets of high-intensity leg press on cerebral hemodynamics across menstrual cycle phases.","authors":"Elric Y Allison, Matin Borhani, Alysha C D'Souza, Huseyn A Ismayilov, Brandan Wilson, Yixue Mei, Patrice Brassard, Stuart M Phillips, Baraa K Al-Khazraji","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00257.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpregu.00257.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined how successive sets of high-intensity leg press (LP) resistance exercise impact the cerebral pressure-flow relationship in untrained males and eumenorrheic females not taking oral contraceptives and assessed how the menstrual cycle (MC) phase influences the cerebral pressure-flow relationship and cerebral hemodynamics (middle cerebral artery blood velocity, MCAv; via transcranial Doppler ultrasound) during and after LP exercise in females. Young adults (11M;11F) performed three sets of leg-press exercises at 90% of their one-repetition maximum. Data from males and females in the early follicular phase were pooled together. Directional sensitivity of the cerebral pressure-flow relationship was calculated as the ratio of the rate of changes in MCAv and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (ΔMCAv_T/ΔMAP_T) per transition between eccentric and concentric muscular contractions during each repetition of LP exercise. ΔMCAv_T/ΔMAP_T was higher during concentric than eccentric phases (<i>P</i> < 0.001) in males and early follicular (EF) phase in females. There were no effects of successive leg press sets on any systemic or cerebral hemodynamic measures. The MC phase affected directional sensitivity and cerebral hemodynamics, with greater responses in the mid-luteal (ML) phase than the EF phase. We observed a MAP direction by MC phase interaction on relative directional sensitivity, with greater sensitivity during concentric contractions in the ML phase (<i>P</i> = 0.02). Our results suggest that successive sets of LP exercises do not impact the cerebral pressure-flow relationship or cerebral hemodynamics during and immediately following LP exercise. The MC phase appears to influence the cerebral pressure-flow relationship and cerebral hemodynamics both during and following LP exercise, mediated by vasoprotective effects of increased estrogen concentration in the ML phase compared with the EF phase.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Successive sets of high-intensity bilateral leg press exercises do not appear to affect cerebral or systemic hemodynamic measures, given adequate recovery time. The menstrual cycle phase impacts the directional sensitivity of the cerebral pressure-flow relationship during high-intensity bilateral leg press exercises. During high-intensity bilateral leg press exercises, the cerebrovasculature appears to be more pressure passive in the mid-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.</p>","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":" ","pages":"R447-R459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the link between sleep patterns and early cardiovascular disease markers in young adults with chronic anxiety.","authors":"Jacob W Richardson, Emily A Buck, Jennifer B Weggen, Brad T Bakken, Brandon J Fitzpatrick, Raven G Campbell, Ryan S Garten","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00271.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpregu.00271.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic anxiety is commonly associated with poor sleep patterns, which may contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) through mechanisms like oxidative stress, vascular dysfunction, and poor blood pressure control. As sleep disturbances, particularly poor sleep quality and/or regularity, have been independently linked to CVD development, this study explored whether sleep quality/regularity in young adults with chronic anxiety is associated with early indicators of CVD risk, specifically oxidative stress, vascular function, and blood pressure control. Twenty-eight young (24 ± 4 yr) participants with a prior clinical diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) or elevated GAD symptoms (GAD-7 > 10) had their sleep quality [total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency (SE)] and regularity [via TST/SE standard deviations (SD)] assessed for seven consecutive days. Various precursors to CVD development such as oxidative stress, brachial artery function, microvascular function, and blood pressure control [exercise pressor responses and cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS)] were also evaluated. Pearson's correlations were used to determine potential relationships between sleep quality/regularity and CVD precursors. Both sleep irregularity variables [SE-SD (<i>r</i> = 0.61; <i>P</i> < 0.01) and TST-SD (<i>r</i> = 0.39; <i>P</i> = 0.04)], but neither of the sleep quality variables, were positively correlated with oxidative stress. TST-SD alone was significantly associated with lower brachial artery function (<i>r</i> = -0.44; <i>P</i> = 0.02) and cBRS (<i>r</i> = 0.43; <i>P</i> = 0.02), with TST-SD median splits further highlighting these differences. The study found that irregular TST in individuals with chronic anxiety was significantly associated with higher oxidative stress, lower brachial artery function, and blunted blood pressure control (lower cBRS), key precursors of CVD.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This study examined the relationship between sleep irregularity and early cardiovascular disease (CVD) precursors in young adults with chronic anxiety. Key findings revealed that irregular total sleep time, rather than overall sleep quality, was significantly associated with greater oxidative stress, lower brachial artery function, and diminished blood pressure control. These results suggest that sleep irregularity in individuals with chronic anxiety may play a critical role in the development of CVD in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":" ","pages":"R494-R505"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of dietary supplements on core temperature and sweating responses in hot environmental conditions: a meta-analysis and meta-regression.","authors":"Jennifer S Peel, Melitta A McNarry, Shane M Heffernan, Venturino R Nevola, Liam P Kilduff, Mark Waldron","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00186.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpregu.00186.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dietary supplements are widely used among individuals exposed to hot environments, but whether their consumption confers any thermoregulatory effect is unclear. Therefore, we systematically evaluated the effect of dietary supplementation on key aspects of thermoregulation [core temperature (T_core) and sweating responses] in the heat. Three databases were searched in April 2024. After screening, 124 peer-reviewed articles were identified for inclusion within three separate meta-analyses: <i>1</i>) peak T_core; <i>2</i>) whole body sweat rate (WBSR); <i>3</i>) local sweat rate (LSR). The moderating effect of several variables (e.g., training and heat acclimation status), known to influence thermoregulatory function, were assessed via subanalysis and meta-regression. There was no overall effect of the differing supplement types on WBSR (<i>P</i> = 0.405) and LSR (<i>P</i> = 0.769), despite taurine significantly increasing WBSR (<i>n</i> = 3, Hedges' <i>g</i> = 0.79, <i>P</i> = 0.006). Peak T_core was significantly affected by supplement type (<i>P</i> = 0.011), primarily due to caffeine's \"small\" significant positive effect (<i>n</i> = 30; Hedges' <i>g</i> = 0.44, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and taurine's (<i>n</i> = 3, Hedges' <i>g</i> = -0.66, <i>P</i> = 0.043) and oligonol's (<i>n</i> = 3; Hedges' <i>g</i> = -0.50, <i>P</i> = 0.014) \"medium\" significant negative effects. Dietary supplements, such as amino acids (e.g., taurine), some antioxidants and anti-inflammatories (e.g., oligonol) conferred the greatest thermoregulatory benefits during heat exposure. Taurine ingestion in such conditions may lower heat strain, which is likely through its augmentation of thermal sweating. Conversely, caffeine intake may potentially pose the greatest risk in the heat due to its effect on T_core.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> The effects of dietary supplements on core temperature and sweating responses when ingested in the heat varied greatly. Some supplements demonstrated the potential to improve thermoregulatory capacity (e.g., select amino acids, anti-oxidants and anti-inflammatories), while others had no or even deleterious effects on thermal balance (e.g., caffeine). These findings have implications for those ingesting dietary supplements for their health and/or performance effects during exposure to hot environmental conditions. Certain supplements should possibly be avoided in the heat, while others may elicit a thermoregulatory benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":" ","pages":"R515-R555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knockdown of the type 1 cannabinoid receptor in the central amygdala increases both spontaneous and water deprivation-induced sodium intake in rats.","authors":"S G Ruginsk, M P Greenwood, M Greenwood, L L K Elias, D Murphy, J Antunes-Rodrigues","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00241.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpregu.00241.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Important inputs originating in the forebrain circumventricular organs and also in the central amygdala (CeA) trigger essential water deprivation (WD)-induced behaviors, such as thirst and sodium appetite. Together with the secretion of the neurohypophysial peptides arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT), these behavioral responses seek to maintain the normalcy of extracellular fluid (ECF) osmolality and volume. Within this context, the main hypothesis tested by the present study was that CeA type 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1Rs) were essential for the maintenance of body fluid homeostasis, particularly in response to WD challenge. We found that CeA CB1R knockdown increased spontaneous and WD-induced hypertonic saline intake, without significantly impacting water ingestion. In euhydrated rats, despite unaltered urinary volume, CB1R knockdown reduced urinary osmolality, and diminished urinary nitrate concentrations, suggesting reduced renal sodium excretion. No relevant changes were induced by CeA CB1R knockdown on urinary parameters following WD-induced rehydration, which is consistent with unaltered AVP and OT mRNA transcription and hormone release under the same experimental conditions. Taken together, the present data support the notion that CeA CB1Rs participate in both spontaneous and WD-induced NaCl intake, without significantly affecting neuroendocrine output. Given the well-described facilitatory CeA role on natriorexigenic responses, and the reported interplay between CB1Rs and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) within the CeA, the present findings suggest that CB1Rs may indirectly regulate sodium appetite through effects on CeA GABAergic neurotransmission.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> CeA CB1R knockdown increased spontaneous and WD-induced hypertonic saline intake, without significantly impacting water ingestion. In euhydrated rats, despite unaltered urinary volume, CB1R knockdown reduced urinary osmolality, and diminished urinary nitrate concentrations, suggesting reduced renal sodium excretion. No relevant changes were induced by CeA CB1R knockdown on urinary parameters following WD-induced rehydration, which is consistent with unaltered AVP and OT mRNA transcription and hormone release under the same experimental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":" ","pages":"R423-R432"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7617795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and analysis of amino acid metabolism-related subtypes in lung adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Yifan Zhou, Qiangchang Lu","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00217.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpregu.00217.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to explore the role of amino acid metabolism (AAM) and identify biomarkers for prognosis management and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with AAM in lung adenocarcinoma were selected from public databases. Samples were clustered into varying subtypes using ConsensusClusterPlus based on gene levels. Survival analysis was conducted using a survival package, and immune analysis was performed using ssGSEA and ESTIMATE. Enrichment analysis was performed using gene set enrichment analysis, and a protein-protein interaction network of DEGs between subgroups was established through STRING. Hub genes were screened and verified using survival analysis, and drug sensitivity prediction was performed. One hundred sixty-three DEGs associated with AAM in lung adenocarcinoma were obtained, and two AAM-associated subtypes were identified. <i>Cluster 1</i> showed higher survival rates and immune levels compared with <i>cluster 2</i>. The two subtypes were mainly enriched in immune-related signaling pathways, such as B cell receptor, Jak-Stat, and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In addition, the mutation landscape between the two groups was significantly different. F2, AHSG, and APOA1 were key hub genes that significantly affected the prognosis differences between the two subtypes. <i>Cluster 2</i> showed higher sensitivity to drugs, such as mithramycin, depsipeptide, and actinomycin than <i>cluster 1</i>. This study identified two AAM-associated gene subtypes and their biomarkers and predicted the immune status and drug treatment sensitivity of varying subtypes. The results are instructive in the clinical treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Two amino acid metabolism-related subtypes were identified based on differentially expressed genes associated with amino acid metabolism. <i>Cluster 1</i> showed higher survival rates and immune levels compared with <i>cluster 2</i>. <i>Cluster 2</i> showed higher sensitivity to drugs, such as mithramycin, depsipeptide, and actinomycin compared with <i>cluster 1</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":" ","pages":"R470-R480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142913687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}