American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology最新文献

{"title":"Is there a golden hour for exercise in aging females? A perspective on the female-specific effects of estradiol in regulating vascular endothelial function.","authors":"Hollie Speer, Joseph M Northey","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00163.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpregu.00163.2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":" ","pages":"R225-R229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A change in tone on the change in tone during exercise: the growing story of functional sympatholysis in humans.","authors":"Brett S Kirby, Christopher M Hearon","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00143.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpregu.00143.2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":" ","pages":"R180-R181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SERCA activation prevents Ca²⁺ and ATP upregulation during 3-day soleus muscle unloading in rats.","authors":"Ksenia A Zaripova, Svetlana P Belova, Kristina A Sharlo, Darya A Sidorenko, Tatiana Y Kostrominova, Boris S Shenkman, Tatiana L Nemirovskaya","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00177.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpregu.00177.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The imbalance in the ratio of protein synthesis versus protein degradation results in skeletal muscle atrophy following unloading. The onset of these processes is regulated by the sarcoplasmic concentrations of ATP and calcium (Ca²⁺). We tested the hypothesis that unloading-induced inactivation of sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) results in raised Ca²⁺ concentrations, triggering catabolic processes. CDN1163, an activator of SERCA, was used to test this hypothesis. Three groups of male rats were used: control rats with intraperitoneal injection of placebo (C), 3 days of unloading with placebo injection (3HS), and 3 days of unloading injected with CDN1163 (3HSC). Treatment with CDN1163 during 3 days of soleus muscle unloading prevented the upregulation of Ca²⁺ and ATP and the slow-to-fast shift in muscle fiber composition. This treatment blocked the decrease in the phosphorylation of the anabolic markers [glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β), eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2), and ribosomal protein S6 (S6, Ser240/244/Ser235/236)], and therefore it is likely that it improved the efficiency of translation in the unloaded muscle, but it did not affect mTORC1-dependent signaling. Treatment with CDN1163 also modulated the regulation of the Ca²⁺-dependent signaling in muscle during unloading via SERCA1 and calsequestrin 2 (CSQ2) and changes in the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) phosphorylation and the content of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R). In addition, CDN1163 prevented the upregulation of the mRNA expression of muscle-specific RING finger protein 1 (MuRF1) [but not ubiquitin ligase muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx)] and attenuated the increase of casitas B lymphoma-b (Cbl-b) and ubiquitin mRNA expression during unloading. Activation of SERCA with CDN1163 prevents the upregulation of Ca²⁺ and ATP, as well as calcium-dependent and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways markers, and improves protein translation efficiency in 3-day unloaded soleus muscle.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> A hypothesis was tested that unloading-induced inactivation of SERCA results in the accumulation of increased Ca²⁺ concentrations and activation of catabolic processes. CDN1163, an activator of SERCA, was used to test this hypothesis. CDN1163 prevented the decrease in phosphorylation of anabolic markers, which likely improved translation efficiency in unloaded muscle. CDN1163 prevented unloading-induced upregulation of mRNA expression of MuRF1 (but not MAFbx) and attenuated the increase of Cbl-b and ubiquitin mRNA expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":" ","pages":"R108-R122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumor necrosis factor-α in the mediation of acute salt loading induced natriuresis in mice; evidence for its physiological role in regulating kidney function.","authors":"Dewan Syed Abdul Majid, Alexander Castillo","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00253.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpregu.00253.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) exerts natriuresis via activation of its receptor type 1 in the kidney. Although chronic high salt (HS) intake produces this cytokine by immune activation of the mononuclear phagocyte cells, it has not yet been examined whether acute salt loading produces this cytokine and can induce consequent natriuresis. Here, we measured the changes in plasma level and urinary excretion rate of TNF-α (U_TNF-αV) during intravenous infusion of isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl), first at euvolemic conditions (3 µL/min for 60 min; baseline period) and then at an enhanced infusion rate (12 µL/min for 90 min; salt-loading period) in control mice (<i>n</i> = 7) and TNF-α inactivator, etanercept (ETN; 0.5 mg/kg ip once daily for 3 days before the experiment day; <i>n</i> = 7) treated mice. TNF-α concentration in samples was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Bioscience, Woburn, MA). During baseline period, TNF-α level in plasma was undetected, but it increased during the salt-loading period in both control (3.7 ± 1.3 pg/mL) and ETN-treated (3.3 ± 1.2 pg/mL) mice. In control mice, the baseline U_TNF-αV was minimal (0.01 ± 0.002 pg/min/g) but increased to 0.1 ± 0.03 pg/min/g (<i>P</i> < 0.05) with associated increase in urinary sodium excretion (U_NaV; 0.5 ± 0.2 to 4.8 ± 1.2 µmol/min/g; <i>P</i> < 0.05) during salt-loading period. In ETN-treated mice, both the U_TNF-αV (0.01 ± 0.004 to 0.02 ± 0.01 pg/min/g) and U_NaV (0.4 ± 0.6 to 1.1 ± 0.3 µmol/min/g) responses to salt loading were markedly attenuated. These findings demonstrate that TNF-α contributes to saline-induced natriuresis, suggesting a physiological role for this cytokine in regulating renal excretory function during acute salt loading.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> These findings demonstrate for the first time that enhanced rate infusion of saline resulted in TNF-α production that exerts a natriuretic response, which strongly suggests a \"physiological\" role for this well-known proinflammatory cytokine in regulating renal function during acute salt loading. These results may confer therapeutic implications with predominant use of saline in patients with inflammatory conditions that are associated with significantly greater morbidity and mortality than those with predominant use of other balanced fluids.</p>","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":" ","pages":"R216-R224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12288672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of adult and lifelong hypoxia on ventricle phenotype in zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>).","authors":"Brandt Smith, Gil Martinez-Bautista, Steven Williams, Warren W Burggren, Dane A Crossley","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00033.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpregu.00033.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypoxia occurs naturally in a wide range of aquatic ecosystems. However, the physiological and morphological effects of prolonged hypoxia on organ systems remain poorly understood, especially in the cardiovascular system of fishes. We assessed the contractile force of isolated hearts from adult zebrafish from control conditions (Po₂ = 21 kPa), from adults after a 4-wk exposure to hypoxia (Po₂ = 10 kPa), or adults exposed to lifelong hypoxia (Po₂ = 10 kPa) throughout development, from egg to adult. Isolated ventricle contractility measurements were conducted during two challenges: increasing stimulation frequency (force-frequency) and during acute hypoxia exposure. All contractile parameters were at least 35% greater in lifelong hypoxic fish compared with control fish, whereas heart mass was significantly smaller in lifelong hypoxic fish compared with controls. However, there were no differences in response to the force-frequency protocol or graded acute hypoxia. The thickness of the ventricle's compact myocardium was increased ∼35% by lifelong hypoxia but not by 4 wk of hypoxia as adults compared with the control fish. Furthermore, mitochondrial abundance did not significantly change. Collectively, these data suggest that early-life hypoxia has major effects on remodeling cardiac tissue and performance in zebrafish.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> In adult zebrafish, morphological and functional changes in the ventricle phenotype are dependent on the timing of the hypoxic exposure. Exposure to hypoxia as an adult did not alter the ventricle phenotype, unlike the changes caused by continuous hypoxic exposure from the embryonic to adult phase. Thus, exposure to hypoxia before the adult phase life results in changes in the zebrafish ventricle. However, adults may lack the plasticity needed to respond to hypoxic environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":" ","pages":"R230-R243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12373154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sympathetic neural overdrive, vascular dysfunction, and diminished exercise capacity in patients with long COVID-19: a long-term study of cardiovascular sequelae.","authors":"Bruna E Ono, João E Izaias, Artur O Sales, Thais S Rodrigues, Camila S Nunes, Jéssica F Niec, Natália G Rocha, Helena N M Rocha, Gabriel F Texeira, Amanda G Rodrigues, Carlos E Negrão, Maria C C Irigoyen, Fernanda M C Colombo, Antonio Viana Nascimento-Filho, Katia De Angelis, Robson A S Santos, Andreia M Porcari, Katelyn R Ludwig, Daniel H Craighead, Matthew J Rossman, Renata Moll-Bernardes, Douglas R Seals, Allan R K Sales","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00055.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpregu.00055.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We have recently showed that patients with severe coronavirus disease (COVID) have neurovascular dysfunction, cardiac morphofunctional alterations, and attenuated exercise capacity. However, whether these alterations persist over time is unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that patients with long COVID, even 2 yr after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infection, exhibit sympathetic overdrive, aortic stiffening, endothelium-dependent dysfunction, cardiac morphofunctional changes, and diminished exercise capacity. Eighteen patients with long COVID and 19 well-matched controls were studied. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA; microneurography), brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (BAFMD; ultrasound-Doppler), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CFPWV; tonometry), heart rate (HR; electrocardiogram), E-wave/A-wave ratio (E/A ratio), left ventricular ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain (LVEF and LVGLS, respectively; echocardiography), and peak oxygen uptake (peak V̇o₂, cardiopulmonary exercise testing) were assessed ∼2 yr after hospital discharge. Circulating angiotensin II (Ang II, mass spectrometry), endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (endothelial cell-derived EVs, flow cytometry), and oxidative stress were also evaluated. Patients with long COVID had higher MSNA, CFPWV, and HR and lower E/A ratio, LVEF, LVGLS, and peak V̇o₂ than controls. Endothelial cell-derived EVs and carbonyls were higher in patients with long COVID than controls, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) was lower. No difference was observed in Ang II. Peak V̇o₂ was inversely associated with MSNA, LVGLS, and carbonyls and directly associated with BAFMD and SOD. Our findings reveal that patients with long COVID, 2 yr after acute illness, exhibit persistent sympathetic overactivation, vascular and cardiac impairments, reduced exercise capacity, and increased endothelial cell-derived EVs and oxidative stress. As such, strategies that can resolve these persistent cardiovascular sequelae are urgently needed.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Patients with long COVID, even 2 yr after SARS-CoV-2 infection, exhibited sympathetic neural overdrive, aortic stiffening, endothelial dysfunction, cardiac morphofunctional changes, diminished aerobic exercise capacity, increased circulating endothelial cell-derived EVs, decreased antioxidant activity, and increased oxidant activity. Moreover, we showed that the reduced aerobic exercise capacity was associated with sympathetic neural outflow, vascular dysfunction, cardiac morphofunctional alterations, and increased circulating oxidative stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":" ","pages":"R154-R169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bodily markers of basic emotions: a thermographic study.","authors":"Danila Shelepenkov, Alfred Essel, Vladimir Kosonogov","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00018.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpregu.00018.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skin temperature has been recognized as a potential marker of emotional arousal, with studies demonstrating temperature changes in response to various emotional stimuli. However, temperature in different body parts and in different basic emotions has not been studied sufficiently. Our study aimed to investigate whether basic emotions could be reflected in temperature changes at specific body surfaces. Forty healthy subjects viewed blocks of pictures inducing six basic emotions and neutral images while their temperature at the shoulder, throat, chest, and temple was recorded. In addition, electrodermal activity and electrocardiograms were captured as control variables. We showed, first, temperature at the chest, on average, increased, and its change was higher than at other regions. Second, chest temperature increased in various emotions such as fear, surprise, and happiness. Third, chest temperature correlated with heart rate; therefore, it may reflect the cardiac activity. Fourth, temperatures in different regions did not correlate, suggesting a specificity of thermal reactions. Our results revealed associations between specific emotions and temperature changes at different body surfaces. We indicate the need for further research with more specific designs, stronger induction methods, and additional physiological measures, such as facial muscle activity.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> We studied whether basic emotions could be reflected in temperature changes at specific body surfaces. Healthy subjects viewed pictures inducing six basic emotions and neutral images with temperature at the shoulder, throat, chest, and temple being recorded. Chest temperature was higher than at other regions and increased in various emotions such as fear, surprise, and happiness. It correlated with heart rate. Temperature in different regions did not correlate, suggesting a specificity of thermal reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":" ","pages":"R81-R85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gustatory and olfactory-guided responsiveness to maltodextrin solutions in mice.","authors":"Elizabeth A Hamel, Ginger D Blonde, Ellie Williams, Adam Dewan, Alan C Spector","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00275.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpregu.00275.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rodents avidly consume maltodextrin solutions. Oligosaccharides appear to generate a detectable oral perception distinct from basic tastes in rodents and humans. Mice lacking one or both subunits of the T1R2 + T1R3 heterodimer still display relatively normal preference for maltodextrins but have severely blunted responsiveness to sugars. To test whether taste contributes to maltodextrin responsiveness, we performed lingual gustatory nerve transection (NX) in mice with [wild-type (WT)] and without [knockout (KO)] functional T1R3 subunits. Mice were then tested, after a ∼23-h fast, for concentration-dependent licking responses to Maltrin, a maltodextrin, and sucrose in a brief-access paradigm, which minimizes postingestive influences on responsiveness. Compared with SHAM mice, NX mice displayed blunted lick responses and initiated fewer trials to Maltrin. The KO mice exhibited some concentration-dependent licking to sucrose, though attenuated, which may be due to flavor-nutrient learning across sessions. However, NX blunted this responsiveness in all mice. The results suggest that an intact chorda tympani and/or glossopharyngeal nerve(s) is required for normal licking to maltodextrin and sucrose solutions, confirming a contribution of gustatory signals to behavior. A follow-up experiment tested whether olfactory signals contribute to Maltrin detection in mice trained in a Go/No-Go task. Mice could detect the volatiles associated with Maltrin in a concentration-dependent manner. As maltodextrins have negligible vapor pressure, mice are likely responding to volatile contaminants within the solution, which could potentially serve as cues for flavor-nutrient conditioning. Nevertheless, there is clearly a gustatory component that unconditionally drives hedonic responsiveness to this stimulus.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Maltodextrins have long been believed to be tasteless and odorless and are commonly used in food production. Previous research suggests that maltodextrins elicit a distinct taste, separate from other carbohydrate stimuli like sugars, in both rodents and humans. Our findings provide compelling evidence that ingestive responsiveness to maltodextrins in mice relies on signaling in gustatory nerves. Furthermore, rodents can detect this stimulus via olfaction. Olfactory cues may contribute to flavor-nutrient conditioning when taste is removed.</p>","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":" ","pages":"R55-R69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature sensitivity of spreading depolarization in the CNS of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>.","authors":"Mads Kuhlmann Andersen, R Meldrum Robertson, Heath A MacMillan","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00040.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpregu.00040.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During exposure to extreme stress, the central nervous system (CNS) of mammals and insects fails through a phenomenon known as spreading depolarization (SD). SD is characterized by an abrupt disruption of ion gradients across neural and glial membranes that spreads through the CNS, silencing neural activity. In humans, SD is associated with neuropathological conditions like migraine and stroke, while it coincides with critical thermal limits for activity in insects. In the latter, SD is conveniently monitored by recording the transperineurial potential (TPP), which we used to explore the plasticity and temperature dependence of SD thresholds and electrophysiological parameters in fruit flies (<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>). Specifically, we characterized the effects of thermal acclimation on the characteristics of TPP changes during cold-induced SD, after which we induced SD with anoxia at different temperatures in both acclimation groups to examine the interactive effects of temperature and acclimation status. Lastly, we investigated how these affect the rate of SD propagation across the fly CNS. Cold acclimation enhanced resistance to both cold and anoxic SD, and our TPP measurements revealed independent and interactive effects of temperature and acclimation on the TPP and SD propagation. This suggests that thermodynamic processes and physiological mechanisms interact to modulate the thermal threshold for activity through SD and its electrophysiological phenomenology. These findings are discussed in relation to conceptual models for SD and established mechanisms for variation in the thermal threshold for SD, and we emphasize that future comparative or cross-species studies or translations must account for thermodynamic effects to improve inferences based on electrophysiology.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Thermal acclimation induces variation in the temperatures leading to spreading depolarization at the critical thermal limits in invertebrates, but mechanistic inferences based on electrophysiology might be skewed by thermodynamic effects. Here, we quantify the thermal dependence of spreading depolarization parameters in fruit flies, use it to infer mechanisms, and provide perspectives for future comparative research. In addition, we propose <i>Drosophila</i> as a model system to understand this event in vertebrates, including humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":" ","pages":"R134-R149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomic responses to exercise and cold pressor test in young healthy Hispanic adults.","authors":"Ashlesha Dilip Dalve, Justo Perez, Ruby Ama Nyarko, Randy Liu, Jasdeep Kaur","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00207.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpregu.00207.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hispanic/Latino (H/La) individuals have a notably high incidence of type 2 diabetes and obesity, significantly increasing their cardiovascular risk. Although regular exercise reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases, abnormal hemodynamic responses during exercise can increase the risk of adverse events during/immediately following the exercise bout. To date, no studies have investigated the pressor response to exercise in the H/La population. Therefore, we examined exercise pressor reflex in 48 young healthy adults [22 H/La, 26 non-Hispanic White (NHW)]. Beat-to-beat blood pressure (finger plethysmography) and heart rate (ECG) were measured before and during isometric handgrip (HG) performed at 30% and 40% of their maximal voluntary contraction, followed by postexercise ischemia (PEI) to isolate the muscle metaboreflex. In addition, cold pressor test (CPT) was used to quantify pressor response to a nonexercise sympathoexcitatory stimulus. We observed that increases in mean arterial pressure (ΔMAP) during 30%HG (<i>P</i> = 0.58) and its subsequent PEI (<i>P</i> = 0.93) were not different between the two groups. Likewise, ΔMAP during 40%HG and PEI was similar between both groups (PEI: H/La = 39 ± 8 mmHg, NHW = 37 ± 11 mmHg; <i>P</i> = 0.51). However, the pressor response to CPT was significantly augmented in H/La (ΔMAP: H/La = 31 ± 11 mmHg, NHW = 22 ± 11 mmHg; <i>P</i> = 0.02). Together, these data suggest that the exercise pressor reflex and muscle metaboreflex are not altered in young healthy H/La adults. However, H/La adults exhibit elevated blood pressure reactivity to a nonexercise sympathoexcitatory stimulus, which may be indicative of early autonomic dysregulation in Hispanic adults as compared with NHW adults, potentially contributing to higher cardiovascular risk with aging in the Hispanic population.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This is the first study to investigate exercise-induced cardiovascular responses in young, healthy Hispanic individuals. We found that although the exercise pressor reflex and the muscle metaboreflex are not augmented in Hispanic adults, they exhibit elevated blood pressure reactivity in response to the cold pressor test. This remarkably high pressor response to a nonexercise stimulus potentially predisposes the Hispanic adults to earlier development of future hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":" ","pages":"R98-R107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}