Paraplegia最新文献

{"title":"Strategies to Repair Spinal Cord Injuries: Single Vs. Combined Treatments","authors":"V. Buzoianu-Anguiano, I. J. Estrada","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.93392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93392","url":null,"abstract":"Several experimental strategies have been developed in past years for the repair of damages evoked in axons, myelin, and motor functions by spinal cord injuries. This chapter briefly reviews some of such strategies. On the one hand, it examines individual procedures, such as: tissue or cell transplants (i.e. evolving cells of the olfactory glia or mesenchymal cells), implants of biomaterials (fibrine and chitosan), application of enzymes (chondroitinase and ChABC), growth factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF; neurotrophin-3, NT-3; or glial-derived neurotrophic factor, GDNF), and drugs (myocyclines or riluzole) among others, that induce different recovery degrees in axonal regeneration, myelination, and motor performance in experimental animals. On the other hand, it also examines the recent strategy of combining some of the previous experimental procedures to potentialize the positive effects evoked by each one in experimentally spinal cord lesioned animals and explores the possible use of this strategy in future preclinical research for the treatment of spinal cord lesions.","PeriodicalId":76303,"journal":{"name":"Paraplegia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41469233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rehabilitation Therapies in Spinal Cord Injury Patients","authors":"Brenda Rodríguez-Mendoza, Paola A. Santiago-Tovar, Marco A. Guerrero-Godinez, Elisa García-Vences","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92825","url":null,"abstract":"Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents a neurological life-changing condition that causes devastating physical, social, psychological, and economic consequences in the injured patient. It is due to traumatic causes that affect the motor and sensory functions, limiting daily life activities. Since rehabilitation is a fundamental process of recovery, this chapter will review diverse approaches in rehabilitation to restore or improve patients’ capability. In the first section, functionality and quality of life tools will be discussed. Subsequently, rehabilitation strategies and their adoption will be explained. Ultimately, rehabilitation goals, according to the level of injury, will be reviewed.","PeriodicalId":76303,"journal":{"name":"Paraplegia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41412191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts from other journals","authors":"D. Ram, B. Peretz","doi":"10.1177/0898756420964637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0898756420964637","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess children's reactions to the administration of local anaesthetic injection in the mandible and in the maxilla, and to study their sensation of pain after each type of injection. Methods: Twenty-six children between the ages of 4 to 6 (mean age 5center dot3 plus minus 0center dot7 years), and 34 children aged between 7 to 10 (mean age 8center dot1 plus minus 1 years,) who were undergoing dental treatment in a pediatric dental clinic, were selected for this study. A random crossover design was used. Each patient was randomly assigned to receive either maxillary infiltration or mandibular block on the first visit, and the remaining local anesthesia on the second visit. During the injection, the modified Behavioural Pain Scale, was used. It comprised the following parameters: a) facial display, b) arm/leg movements, c) torso movements, and d) crying. Immediately after administering the local anesthesia, children were asked to rate their feeling according to the Facial Affective Scale. Results: The children in each group responded positively to both techniques revealing that there was no difference in either one. Subjective and objec6e evaluation disclosed no difference when mandibular block was administered during the first or second visit. Regarding the objective evaluation, in all parameters, more children reacted positively during administration of mandibular block than during maxillary infiltration. Conclusion: a) mandibular block and maxillary infiltration are similarly accepted by children when first administered, and b) children may feel inconvenience or pain and react by crying, yet may report a positive feeling in general.","PeriodicalId":76303,"journal":{"name":"Paraplegia","volume":"4 1","pages":"57-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0898756420964637","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48134005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Clinical Use after Spinal Cord Injury","authors":"Karla Soria-Zavala, J. García-Sánchez, Roxana Rodríguez-Barrera","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91839","url":null,"abstract":"Since multipotential and immunoregulatory properties were identified in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the twentieth century, they have been proposed as an effective therapy for many degenerative and traumatic diseases such as spinal cord injury (SCI). SCI is a devastating event with a high mortality rate that evokes the loss of motor and sensory functions due to neurochemical imbalance and an exacerbated immune response as a consequence of the initial mechanical damage, which in conjunction creates a hostile microenvironment that inhibits neuronal circuitry restoration. This chapter pretends to lead the reader towards the immunomodulatory, differentiation, and tissue repairing capacities of MSCs that allow them to be a valuable candidate for clinical trials. In the first section, the physiopathology of SCI will be addressed; after that, the chapter will review the general aspects of MSCs such as origin, molecular markers, and the different mechanisms by which MSCs can heal the target tissues. Finally, we will discuss clinical trials involving autologous MSC transplantation and their limitations.","PeriodicalId":76303,"journal":{"name":"Paraplegia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46300661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Sexual Health of People with Paraplegia","authors":"S. Federici, Francesco Artegiani, Daniele Diotallevi, G. Caruso, A. Mencarelli","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91854","url":null,"abstract":"People with paraplegia have to fight their own and societal attitudes and stereotypes that reduce sexuality to the physiological functions of genitalia. These psychological and social limitations arise from cultural and disability models that focus sexual pleasure on phallocentric primacy, and sexual attractiveness of perfect bodies. In this chapter, we evaluate the impacts of a psychoeducational intervention in a personal growth group on the sexual life of two groups of people with spinal cord injury (SCI) and their partners, throughout their sexual interest and satisfaction, depression, and anxiety. In the first study, nonparametric statistical tests were used to compare pre- and post-outcome measures for all participants. In the second study, the grounded theory was used to explore dialogs and activities that were audiotaped during the group meetings. The participants in both groups were patients and their partners. The psychoeducational intervention was clearly effective in increasing sexual interest and satisfaction as well as the motivation and ability to enjoy sexuality. Anxiety was minimized for all participants, although it may not have been associated with the psychoeducational intervention. In addition, the intervention significantly improved the partner and patient group’s opportunity and ability to enjoy sexuality.","PeriodicalId":76303,"journal":{"name":"Paraplegia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47088155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts from other journals","authors":"K. Backman, M. Claridge","doi":"10.1177/0898756419852211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0898756419852211","url":null,"abstract":"S FROM OTHER JOURNALS A TRANSCERVICAL APPROACH TO THE VENTRAL SURFACE OF THE BRAIN STEM FOR REMOVAL OF A CLIVUS CHORDOMA: STEVENSON, G. c., STONEY, R. J., PERKINS, R. K. & ADAMS, J. E. (1966). J. Neurosurg. 24, 544· One of the most difficult locations for neurosurgical approach is the anterior aspect of the brain stem and the authors describe in detail how they developed a new approach through the neck of the clivus, aided by the use of a dissecting microscope. They then successfully removed a clivus chordoma in a 20-year-old man. The authors point out the advantages of this approach over others. VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS OF THE SPINAL CORD: HOUDART, R., DJINDJIAN R. & HURTH, M. (1966). Neurosurg. 24, 583. Using special radiological techniques and in particular angiography with the addition of subtraction, the authors describe the study of 15 patients seen over a period of three years. They were thus enabled to plan appropriate surgical treatment and found that the best operation was ligation of the arterial pedicles of the malformation. They point out that these lesions are not very uncommon and, in several of the patients presented with serious neurological disturbances at an early age, surgical treat­ ment might be of benefit in selected patients. A B S T R ACTS FR O M O T H E R JOU R N A LS 125 AN ANATOMICAL STUDY OF THE ROLE OF THE DENTATE LIGAMENTS IN THE CERVICAL SPINAL CANAL: STOLTMANN, H. F. & BLACKWOOD, W. (1966). J. Neurosurg. 24, 43· The authors describe anatomical studies to delineate more clearly the role of the dentate ligaments, especially in relation to myelopathy caused by cervical spondylosis. They show that the dentate ligaments do not limit movement of the spinal cord in an A.P. direction in the spinal canal, but they probably limit cephalo-caudal movements of the","PeriodicalId":76303,"journal":{"name":"Paraplegia","volume":"4 1","pages":"124-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0898756419852211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47718237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author index","authors":"Alexandra Hansen","doi":"10.1007/s11136-022-03256-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-022-03256-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76303,"journal":{"name":"Paraplegia","volume":"25 1","pages":"508-510"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45241903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts from other journals","authors":"B. F.E., J. Ural","doi":"10.1177/0898756416677407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0898756416677407","url":null,"abstract":"s from Other Journals Arzi B, Cissell DD, Pollard RE, Verstraete FJ Regenerative Approach to Bilateral Rostral Mandibular Reconstruction in a Case Series of Dogs. Front Vet Sci. 2015;2:4. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2015.00004 Extensive rostral mandibulectomy in dogs typically results in instability of the mandibles that may lead to malocclusion, difficulty in prehension, mastication, and pain of the temporomandibular joint. Large rostral mandibular defects are challenging to reconstruct due to the complex geometry of this region. In order to restore mandibular continuity and stability following extensive rostral mandibulectomy, we developed a surgical technique using a combination of intraoral and extraoral approaches, a locking titanium plate, and a compression resistant matrix (CRM) infused with rhBMP-2. Furthermore, surgical planning that consisted of computed tomographic (CT) scanning and 3-dimensional model printing was utilized. We describe a regenerative surgical technique for immediate or delayed reconstruction of critical-size rostral mandibular defects in 5 dogs. Three dogs had healed with intact gingival covering over the mandibular defect and had immediate return to normal function and occlusion. Two dogs had the complication of focal plate exposure and dehiscence, which was corrected with mucosal flaps and suturing; these dogs have since healed with intact gingival covering over the mandibular defect. Mineralized tissue formation was palpated clinically within 2 weeks and solid bone formation within 3 months. The CT findings at 6 months postoperatively demonstrated that the newly regenerated mandibular bone had increased in mineral volume with evidence of integration between the native bone, new bone, and CRM compared to the immediate postoperative CT. We conclude that rostral mandibular reconstruction using a regenerative approach provides an excellent solution for restoring mandibular continuity and preventing mandibular instability in dogs. Bonfanti U, Bertazzolo W, Gracis M, Roccabianca P, Romanelli G, Palermo G, Zini E Diagnostic value of cytological analysis of tumours and tumour-like lesions of the oral cavity in dogs and cats: a prospective study on 114 cases. Vet J. 2015;205(2):322-327 Neoplastic or nonneoplastic masses are common findings in the oral cavity of cats and dogs. The aim of this prospective study was to compare the results of cytological examinations of lesions of the oral cavity following fine-needle aspiration (FNA), fine-needle insertion (FNI), and impression smear (IS) with histopathological results being considered as the diagnostic gold standard. In total, 85 dogs and 29 cats were included in the study. Cases were included when histology and cytology (FNA, FNI, and/or IS) were available from the same lesion; k-agreement and accuracy between cytological and histopathological results were calculated. Eighteen cytological specimens were excluded, with a retrieval rate of 84.2%. Of the 96 samples analyzed, FNA, FNI, a","PeriodicalId":76303,"journal":{"name":"Paraplegia","volume":"3 1","pages":"276-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0898756416677407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65321683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts from other journals","authors":"D. Guttmann","doi":"10.1177/0898756416663385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0898756416663385","url":null,"abstract":"S FROM OTHER JOURNALS PERCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL CORDOTOMY IN RELIEF OF INTRACT­ ABLE PAIN: LIPTON, S. (1968). Br. med. J. 1,210. This appears to be the first publication in Britain on percutaneous cordotomy for intractable pain. A stereotaxic technique using modifications of the methods of Mullan and of Rosomoff was used in 52 patients. The best way to produce the lesion in the anterolateral tract, at the atlanto-axial level, was by using a radio-frequency current, after electrical stimulation was carried out to confirm correct placement of the electrode in the spinal cord. The author claims that this method of treatment is a much lesser surgical procedure than open operative cordotomy; also, compared to the latter procedure there is less morbidity and mortality, and a shorter period of convalescence. Forty-four patients had 52 unilateral cordotomies, 30 with relief of pain, and 4 with partial relief; 2 failed and required open surgery, 2 had retention of urine and 2 had transient paresis. In the 8 patients with bilateral cordotomies, there were 17 percutaneous operations. Five had relief of pain, and 3 partial relief, 2 had bladder paralysis and one arm paresis. No details are given of the levels and areas of analgesia achieved; and no information is given about the spinal cord lesions produced in those patients who died (most had serious progressive malignant disease )-that is information about the precise site and size of the radiofrequency lesion. SOMATOTOPIC REPRESENTATION OF THE RESPIRATORY PATHWAYS IN THE CERVICAL CORD OF MAN: HITCHCOCK, E. & LEECE, B. (1967). J Neurosurg. 27, 320. This important paper is based on a careful preand post-operative study in 14 patients who required high cervical cordotomy for intractable pain. Pulmonary function tests were carried out-vital capacity, forced expiratory volume, peak expiratory flow and radiological assessment of diaphragmatic excursion. Automatic respiration appears to be mediated through the reticulo-spinal pathways which lie in the antero-lateral aspect of the cervical spinal cord. The authors suggest that fractional cervical cordotomy can result in satisfactory analgesia without injuring the respiratory pathways. The relevance of this work in relation to patients with cervical spinal cord damage is important, and the authors stress the situation where the patient can breath by voluntary effort but has no rhythmic automatic respiration; and mention that the conception of","PeriodicalId":76303,"journal":{"name":"Paraplegia","volume":"6 1","pages":"57-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0898756416663385","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65321580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts of Selected Papers","authors":"Yu, Chen, Kent Messer, Sudiksha Joshi, Michael Strager, Nathaniel Higgins, Todd Schmit, Elisabeth Newcomb Sinha","doi":"10.1017/S106828050000753X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S106828050000753X","url":null,"abstract":"s of Selected Papers NAREA Annual Meetings, Atlantic City, New Jersey, June 13-16, 2010 SESSION: Land Preservation. Moderator: Jacqueline Geoghegan (Clark University) \"Development of a Best Practices Framework for Agricultural Land Preservation Programs in Maryland: Future for Optimization.\" Yu Chen and Kent Messer (University of Delaware) and William Allen (The Conservation Fund). Research shows that the use of optimization can improve the effectiveness of existing Maryland Agricultural Land Preservation Foundation (MALPF) programs. Survey results from MALPF administrators identify benefits and costs, as well as barriers to implementing optimization. Results will shape a best practices framework for MALPF by customizing optimization for each county. \"Assessing the Effectiveness of Conservation Easements for Wildlife Conservation in West Virginia.\" Sudiksha Joshi and Michael Strager (West Virginia University). This study analyzes the effectiveness of the conservation easements in West Virginia in terms of their size, proximity to protected areas and other conservation easements, species richness, and land value. Spatial statistical analysis is used to characterize the established conservation easements and assess their complementary role in wildlife conservation. \"An Empirical Analysis of a 'Smart Subsidy'.\" Nathaniel Higgins (Economic Research Service, USDA), Shawn Bucholtz (Farm Service Agency), and Lori Lynch (University of Maryland). This paper analyzes a policy meant to increase the benefits of conservation programs by encouraging the clustering of enrolled land. Landowners enrolling in Oregon's Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) received a cash bonus when specific agglomeration targets were met. We use geo-located data to determine whether this incentive was successful in encouraging agglomeration. \"A Spatial Analysis of Local Preservation Referenda Appearance and Adoption.\" Martin Heintzelman and Dustin Grzeskowiak (Clarkson University). This paper analyzes the appearance and passage of local preservation referenda in a dynamic context using spatial econometrics. We focus on the Massachusetts Community Preservation Act as our case study and look to understand the dynamics of passage as well as the impacts of the actions of neighboring towns. SESSION: Food Production and Access. Moderator: Carolyn Dimitri (Economic Research Ser-","PeriodicalId":76303,"journal":{"name":"Paraplegia","volume":"39 1","pages":"585 - 593"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S106828050000753X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57209610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}