Paraplegia最新文献

{"title":"Abstracts of Selected Papers","authors":"Fredrick Keter, Okeleke Nzeogwu, J. Ewa, Kleczyk, V. Puduri, R. Govindasamy, Glenn Schaible, Linwood Hoffman, Michal, Lunak, Douglas E. Morris","doi":"10.1017/S1068280500007140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1068280500007140","url":null,"abstract":"s of Selected Papers NAREA Annual Meetings, Rehoboth, Delaware, June 10-13,2007 SESSION: Assessing Consumer Food Product Demand. Moderator: John C. Bernard (University of Delaware) \"Kenyan Consumer Awareness, Attitudes, and the Willingness to Pay for Genetically Modified Food: The Case of Rural Maize Consumers.\" Fredrick Keter and Okeleke Nzeogwu (University of Maryland Eastern Shore) and Hugo De Groote (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre, Nairobi, Kenya). The study examines Kenyan rural consumer awareness, attitudes towards genetically modified (GM) food, and the willingness to pay (WTP) for GM maize meal. Using the contingent valuation (CV) method, the results revealed that consumers were willing to buy GM maize meal at a premium. Subjective variables were the main determinant ofWTP. \"Improvements in Product Share Computation: Full-Factorial Attraction Model.\" Ewa J. Kleczyk (Virginia Tech) and Patrick J. Howie (TargetRx). In this study, an innovative method for market share calculation is proposed. This model improves parameter estimates and solves the challenges associated with pooling data across markets. It is based on a reconceptualization of any market as a series of 2-product markets and by rebalancing market share to 100 percent. \"Demand for Live Aquatic Products in the Mid-Atlantic States.\" Venkata S. Puduri and Ramu Govindasamy (Rutgers University). This study was designed to gather market information on customer attributes and the collective size and scope of live seafood markets in the Northeast. The paper presents the results of socioeconomic characteristics of aquatic product consumers and their preferences. \"Advertising and U.S. Non-Alcoholic Beverage Demand.\" Yuqing Zheng and Harry Kaiser (Cornell University). This research investigates the impact of advertising on U.S. non-alcoholic beverage demand in an integrated framework. Results reveal that advertising increases demand for fluid milk, soft drinks, and coffee and tea, but not for juices or bottled water. A number of cross-commodity advertising effects exist, and they could be substantial. SESSION: Regional Growth and Agriculture. Moderator: Douglas E. Morris (University of New Hampshire) \"Explaining Regional Comparative Advantage by Measuring Total Factor Productivities: Case of the U.S. Soybean Industry.\" C.S. Kim, Glenn Schaible, and Linwood Hoffman (Economic Research Service, USDA). In this paper, we present an alternative theoretical model for evaluating economic comparative advantage(s) based on assessments of input-biased technical changes, which can explain both nonhomothetic production technology and total factor productivities. The model is then tested by assessing the comparative advantage of soybean production across the United States. \"The Impact of Cattle Farming on the New Hampshire Economy.\" Michal Lunak and Douglas E. Morris (University of New Hampshire). The impact of cattle farming on the New Hampshire economy was investigated using IMPLAN Pl","PeriodicalId":76303,"journal":{"name":"Paraplegia","volume":"36 1","pages":"349 - 357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1068280500007140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57207753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts of Selected Papers","authors":"David R. Just, L. A. Bragg, Timothy J. Dalton, Benjamin Onyango, Ramu Govindasamy, William, Hallman, Ho-Min Jang, V. Puduri","doi":"10.1017/S1068280500005864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1068280500005864","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the economic effects of crop field operation management on dairy farm businesses. Crop rotation and field operation schedules under efficient and inefficient field operation management scenarios for var­ ious representative farms are analyzed through the use of budgeting and linear programming. The effects on crop yields and quality, the feeding program, milk pro­ duction levels, purchased feed expenses, crop expenses, and crop sales are determined. The resulting effects on profitability are measured. Inefficient crop management is shown to decrease profits from $1,400 to $21,700 depending on the inefficient scenario. Critical time pe­ riods and field operations are also analyzed through the use of shadow prices. Finally, the value of increasing the field capacity of machinery is determined. and utilizing a combi­ nation of support price changes and annual cow removals. Annual equilibrium values for supply, demand, and prices are generated for the farm sector and fluid and manu­ factured dairy product retail markets. Estimates of gov­ ernment purchases of dairy products and government costs for each year are reported. The results suggest that a combination of price changes and cow re­ movals is the most attractive policy scenario in terms of government costs and producer profits. financial standing in 1984. The results of the logit regres­ sion suggest that production per cow, expenditures per cow, milk price, non-milk sources of farm income, farm size, farm location, and whether or not an operator had made recent investments in land are statistically signif­ icant determinants of financial performance. Moreover, a simulation exercise indicated that output per cow has the largest impact on financial performance. Economic Implications of Environmental Policy.” Agricultural production in the United States has an off-farm environmental impact. This paper examines the impact of agricultural externalities on U.S. water re­ sources. Also discussed are policy options for controlling agricultural contamination, issues relevant to these pol­ icy options, and an agenda for further economic research.","PeriodicalId":76303,"journal":{"name":"Paraplegia","volume":"33 1","pages":"298 - 306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1068280500005864","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57202574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts of Selected Papers","authors":"Farhed Shah, Allen, M. Featherstone, M. Langemeier, Benaissa Chidmi, Ronald W. Cotterill, Brian Schilling","doi":"10.1017/S1068280500004056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1068280500004056","url":null,"abstract":"This discrete choice model is based on the hypothe sis that wood stoves are acquired to decrease the monetary costs of heating fuels. Data is from cross-sectional surveys of New Hampshire house holds. Results. indicate that the probability of pur chasing a stove varies inversely with the age and education of the household head and positively with the price of the non-wood fuel. Estimates by in come class suggest that moderate-income house holds are most likely to purchase a stove. Results appear reasonable even though the model does not incorporate the investment trade-off between capi tal and operating costs.","PeriodicalId":76303,"journal":{"name":"Paraplegia","volume":"31 1","pages":"260 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1068280500004056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57192182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Feasibility of Substituting Fresh Poultry Litter for Ammonium Nitrate in Cotton Production","authors":"J. O. Bukenya, J. Befecadu, H. S. Jones, K. C. Reddy, A. Baiyee-Mbi","doi":"10.1017/S1068280500008224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1068280500008224","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Chicken broilers are Alabama's number one agricultural commodities, based on total state cash receipts of $1.7 billion in 1997. As of the beginning of the fourth quarter of 1998, the number of broiler chicks hatched was approximately 4 percent greater than in the previous year and total egg production in Alabama was 1.4 percent above the 1997 level. This poultry industry produces enormous amount of litter, which has been utilized as a fertilizer in crop production. The paper evaluates the economic feasibility of substituting broiler litter for ammonium nitrate in cotton production. Data utilized was from a field experiment conducted at Bell Mina Research Station, Alabama 1996–97. Simple linear programming was used for the analysis and sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the level of stability of the results of the basic models. The results indicate that at a maximum distance of 124 miles, fresh litter is a feasible substitute for ammonium nitrate in northern Alabama.","PeriodicalId":76303,"journal":{"name":"Paraplegia","volume":"16 1","pages":"81 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1068280500008224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57213566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts of Selected Papers","authors":"J. Findeis, G. Susan, Richards","doi":"10.1017/S1068280500006602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1068280500006602","url":null,"abstract":"with TDPs of practical design This paper presents two mathematical program ming structures for computing competitive equilibria for an economy in which pollution control is pro by TDP systems. The purpose of these struc tures is to provide tractable frameworks for numer ically examining the impacts of alternative TDP configurations in a general competitive equilibrium setting. The structures are explicitly developed for a differentiated ambient concentration type of TDP system. However, they may be modified to exam ine other configurations. A discussion of such mod ifications and of the implementation of the models for policy analysis is provided.","PeriodicalId":76303,"journal":{"name":"Paraplegia","volume":"27 1","pages":"281 - 291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1068280500006602","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57204541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts of Selected Papers","authors":"M. Brennan, D. Derr, W. Preston, Fangyi Du, T. Temel","doi":"10.1017/S1068280500002720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1068280500002720","url":null,"abstract":"s of Selected Papers Farmland Preservation and Land Values Session Chair: Gerald L. Cole, University of Delaware An Analysis of Land Acquisition and Financing Decisions Using a Nested Logit Procedure, Charles B. Dodson, USDAIERS A nesting logit procedure was used to evaluate the land purchase/financing decisions of commercial farmers in 1991-92. Results suggest that farmers who purchased land were more profitable, wealthy, and older than average. The probability of purchasing farmland was sensitive to changes in operator age, with older operators being more likely buyers. Also, farmers with greater amounts of nonfarm wealth and greater profitability were more likely to buy land. Results indicate that credit is an important source of capital to farmers who may lack liquidity or collateral to purchase farmland. The Effects of Conservation Land on Nearby Property Values, Douglas E. Morris, University of New Hampshire, and Richard M. Simons, WEFA Group Inc., Burlington, Mass. The effects of conservation land on nearby property were estimated for three towns based upon 1993 to 1996 sales. Roughly 40% of the current owners were aware of the nearest protected land. Simply that knowing the nearby land was protected had some importance to 70% of the owners, while 52%, 57%, and 75% by town felt that the protected land added value to their property. A probit model based on telephone survey data indicated that distance from protected lands was the only important determinant of knowledge of the nearest conserva-","PeriodicalId":76303,"journal":{"name":"Paraplegia","volume":"83 1","pages":"256 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1068280500002720","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57185166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts of Selected Papers","authors":"J. E. Pratt, A. M. Novakovic","doi":"10.1017/S1068280500007899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1068280500007899","url":null,"abstract":"s of Selected Papers Trade Accounts, Environmental Spillovers, and Development (Chair: Linda Lee, Univ. of Connecticut) \"Regional Impact of Diary Trade Liberalization on the Northeast U.S. and Central Canada Dairy Sectors,\" M.A. Doyon, J.E. Pratt, and A.M. Novakovic (Cornell Univ.) Quebec, Ontario, and the Northeast United States are expected to be important players in CanadaU.S. dairy trade. This study explores two dairy trade scenarios between Quebec, Ontario, and the Northeast United States. In simulation I, the United States is allowed to unilaterally export yogurt and frozen desserts to Canada, and simulation II reflects a total free trade environment. Free trade tends to alter somewhat the predominant flow of dairy products from east to west in Canada and west to east in the United States by creating northsouth trade. In both trade simulations, the Canadian farm milk value decreases significantly. \"The Economics of Environmental Life Cycle Management and International Trade,\" J. Beghin and M. Metcalfe (North Carolina State Univ.) With increasing attention being paid to pollution generated during consumption in such environmental policy schemes as Life Cycle Management, this paper incorporates endogenous consumption pollution intensities into a standard dual trade model in order to assess the potential welfare effects of coordinated policy reform. Welfare effects are examined in a small open and distorted economy where pollution is generated during both production and consumption. Producers control the level of pollution induced through consumption of their goods and face incentives to abate this pollution. An additional domestic policy standard must be imposed to obtain welfare-improving conditions through joint trade and environmental policy reform. \"Pesticide Use and Environmental Quality: A Global Comparison,\" A. Erickson (USDA/ERS), D. Gray (Cornell Univ.), and B. KrissotT (USDA/ERS) Few agro-environmental indicators exist for crosscountry comparison purposes. Set in a PressureState-Response framework, this study compares U.S. and other export competitors' pesticide use for five important commodities. Pounds of pesticide active ingredient are adjusted for each chemical's toxicity to long-term human health and persistence in the environment, which is then taken as a proxy for potential environmental degradation. Cross-country comparisons reveal that the United States tends to use the most pounds of active ingredients, but once pesticide use is adjusted for toxicity, persistence, and size of production, at least one other competitor uses more pesticides than does the United States in most cases. \"On the Speed of Convergence of Open Economies: An Empirical Analysis,\" J. Das and D. Abler (Pennsylvania State Univ.) One implication of the neoclassical growth models is that countries grow faster in terms of per capita income if they start farther below their steady-state positions. Thus, countries with lower per capita income may catch up to r","PeriodicalId":76303,"journal":{"name":"Paraplegia","volume":"64 1","pages":"241 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1068280500007899","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57211420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Spinal chord'.","authors":"J R Silver","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76303,"journal":{"name":"Paraplegia","volume":"34 2","pages":"122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19802770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts of Selected Papers","authors":"J. Bowker","doi":"10.1017/S106828050000890X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S106828050000890X","url":null,"abstract":"s of Selected Papers Recreation and Forestry (Chair: Tom Grigalunas, Univ. of Rhode Island) \"Valuing Whitewater Rafting on the Gauley River: A Trip Response to Individual Travel Cost\" D.B.K. English, J.M. Bowker (USDA/FS), and J.A. Donovan (Univ. of Georgia) Estimating consumer surplus via individual travel cost models for recreation resources that most people visit only a few times per year can be problematic. This paper presents a trip response (intended behavior) alternative to using a zonal model. Changes in the annual number of outfitted river trips are modeled as a function of contingent changes in outfitter fees under a Poisson distribution. Results show that visitors are more likely to change the number of trips if faced with a price increase than with a price decrease. Per trip consumer surplus estimates range from $12.80 to $31.75. \"The Role of Expectations and Heterogeneous Preferences for Congestion in the Valuation of Recreation Benefits\" J.A. Michael and S.D. Reiling (Univ, of Maine) This paper improves upon previous contingent valuation studies of recreation benefits by relaxing the assumption of homogeneous preferences and accounting for the effect of pre-trip expectations for congestion. To test these hypothesis, a dichotomous choice contingent valuation model is estimated for day hikers in Maine's Caribou-Speckled Mountain Wilderness. The results show pre-trip expectations of congestion to have a stronger impact on willingness to pay the actual level of congestion, and that the willingness to pay of nonpeak visitors are much more sensitive to congestion than peak season visitors. \"Modeling the Demand for On-Site Time: New Theoretical Avenues for Addressing Recreational Behavior and Welfare\" R.J. Johnston (Univ. of Rhode Island) Most recreation demand models make the implicit assumption that recreational behavior is adequately characterized by the observed number of trips to a site. These models cannot address situations in which exogenous changes do not influence the frequency of trips, or in which the number of trips is a poor measure of recreational quantity. In such cases, observed changes in on-site time may provide a better measure of recreational behavior and demand. This paper explores theoretical models that derive welfare-significant demand functions for on-site time. Two models are presented: a oneconstraint model that derives standard welfare measures, and a two-constraint model that measures price, demand, and welfare entirely in time units. \"A Hedonic Property Value Study of Water Quality in Maine's Lakes\" H.L. James and K.J. Boyle (Univ. of Maine) This paper explores ways of modeling lake water quality in a hedonic-price equation using water clarity measurements. Four models of the water clarity measurement were used in the hedonic model. Although all of the water clarity variables were significant they showed very different marginal effects on property price. The marginal effect of water clarity measures varied be","PeriodicalId":76303,"journal":{"name":"Paraplegia","volume":"24 1","pages":"255 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S106828050000890X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57216408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pudenz Schulte medical prize for cerebrospinal fluid physiology.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76303,"journal":{"name":"Paraplegia","volume":"32 9","pages":"631"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18992517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}