Paraplegia最新文献

{"title":"Abstracts from papers","authors":"Steve, Misak, C. Bunts","doi":"10.1177/0310057X0002800219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0310057X0002800219","url":null,"abstract":"S OF PAPERS Hermaphroditism in Infancy and Childhood. R. A. McMahon. Children’s Medical Research Foundation, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney. (Sponsored by J. Steigrad). A survey of 72 cases of hermaphroditism, all patients at the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London, during the years 1953 to 1962 inclusive, was presented and some of the basic problems discussed. All infants about whose sex any doubt exists at birth should be fully investigated immediately so that a firm early decision of sex can be made. Urinary steroid estimations and at least 2 methods of nuclear sexing are the basic investigations and endoscopy and radiography are helpful adjuncts in displaying anatomy but not in basic diagnosis. When doubt still exists, bilateral gonad biopsies are mandatory, even if this involves a laparotomy. Chromosome studies should be performed on all patients where there is any disagreement in the results of these tests. The main factor in the decision of the sex of rearing is the conformat~on of the external genitalia. Initial repair of genital abnormalities should be performed before the child begins to take note of sexual identity and these repairs should be completed if possible before school age. It would seem that the hazards of change of sex had been over-emphasized in the past, although in discussion it was obvious that too little was known about the later progress of these children. Preand Post-Prandial Blood Glucose Levels in Premature Infants. N. M. Newman, Paediatric Department, Royal Hobart Hospital. This paper is published in full in this issue. Hypoglycaemia in Infancy and Childhood. Professor R. Zetterstrom, Kronprinsessan Lovisas Barnsjukhus, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm. The Glucose Tolerance Test in the Investigation of Neonatal Hypoglycaemia, J. S. Yu, Institute of Child Health, Sydney, (Sponsored by T. Stapleton). Glucose tolerance tests were performed on 9 infants found to have blood glucose levels less than 20 mg. per 100 ml. in the first 48 hours of life, during a biochemical survey of newborn babies at risk from hypoglucosaemia. A disappearance-rate constant was calculated. All the infants were asymptomatic at the time of the tolerance tests, but 3 infants subsequently developed syrn_otoms referable to persistently low blood glucose levels. The 6 infants who remained asymptomatic had disappearance rates within the normal range for their age. The 3 infants who later developed symptoms had abnormally high disappearance rates. The intravenous glucose tolerance test was considered a useful therapeutic and diagnostic test in the investigation of neonatal hypoglucosaemia and the results can be correlated with the later development of symptoms associated with low blood glucose levels. Dietary Sugars and Refractory Gastroenteritis. Valerie Burke, K. R. Kerry and Charlotte Andersonread by Valerie Burke. Gastroenterological Research Unit, Royal Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Melbourne. This ","PeriodicalId":76303,"journal":{"name":"Paraplegia","volume":"1 1","pages":"297-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65152480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts from papers","authors":"R. Carnap","doi":"10.1017/S0022481200038780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022481200038780","url":null,"abstract":"connected with the number two. It contains two unique elements; it has a law of double negation; and the number of its elements, in finite cases, is a power of 2. This presents a generalization of these characteristics, yielding a calculus containing n unique elements, a law of n-tuple negation, and containing, in finite cases, a number of elements which is a power of n. When n = 2, Boolean algebra results; but for each n^2, there is a new algebra. All these algebras may be developed in terms of two binary opera tors, \" + \" and \"X\". Any law of Boolean algebra composed only of the symbols \" + \", \"X\", \" = \", and real variables holds for all of them. They are capable of a spatial interpretation, their elements being represented as sectors or com binations of sectors of concentric circles, the number of concentric circles being determined by n. In every algebra, a+b may be represented by the area included either in a or b and aXb may be represented by their common area. Each algebra contains a unary function, definable in terms of \"-J-\" and \"X\", corresponding to the negation of Boolean algebra, and it is chiefly in respect to laws involving this function that the algebras differ.","PeriodicalId":76303,"journal":{"name":"Paraplegia","volume":"1 1","pages":"228-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1936-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0022481200038780","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56748648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts from papers","authors":"F. Holdsworth","doi":"10.1177/0310057X1404200318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0310057X1404200318","url":null,"abstract":"S FROM PAPERS RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY: Scientific Editors P. HUGH-JONES AND E. J. M. CAMPBELL, Brit. Med. Bulletin, Vol. 19, No. I, Jan. 1963, pp. 1-96. 30s. There is a high morbidity and mortality among acute paraplegic patients from chest complications. The cervical patients frequently suffer pulmonary emboli and develop pneumonia. Thoracic paraplegics may have additional fractures to their ribs causing haemopneumothoraces. Because of these complications the physician who looks after these patients must have an adequate understanding of the treatment of chest disorders, and this entails a knowledge of pulmonary physiology. The January edition of the British Medical Bulletin is devoted to current trends in Respiratory Physiology. The panel of contributors is composed of a distinguished team of physiologists and physicians. They discuss such topics as the clinical and neurological regulations of breathing and the distribution of gas and the blood flow within the lungs. J. G. Widdicombe's article is of particular interest. He reviews the significance of reflexes arising within the lungs, and their influence upon respiration and circulation. He points out the importance of irritant reflexes that cause the integrated act of coughing, and of pulmonary vascular reflexes whereby sudden increases of pressure within the lungs, caused by pulmonary congestion or emboli, may cause profound changes in the cardio­ vascular system. The Hering-Breuer inflation and deflation reflexes, first described in animals 1868, are discussed and it is suggested that they are weak in man. In another article on breathlessness E. J. M. Campbell and J. B. L. Howell describe a series of results obtained after respiratory loading of normal and anaesthetised subjects, that suggest that there are other more important reflexes which regulate breathing whose receptors are situated in the spindles of the muscles of respiration. They elaborate a new concept of length-tension inappropriateness within these receptors to explain the sensation of dys­ pnoea. C. G. Caro discusses a complex subject in an article on the physics of blood flow through the lungs. He points out that the blood does not perfuse the lung in a steady continuous stream, but fluctuates greatly. He attempts to analyse this flow by resolving it into two components, the mean flow and the oscillatory flow. The mean flow is influ­ enced by such factors as the physical properties of the blood and blood vessels, and the pressures developed within the chambers of the heart and within the lung substance and alveoli. The oscillatory flow depends upon the varying pressures imparted to the blood by the beating of the heart. These pressures are modified by the pulmonary blood vessels. Drs. Duke and De Lee describe some of the physiological and pathological mechanisms whereby the blood flow of the lungs is modified, and the significance of the interrelation­ ship of the pulmonary and systemic circulations. The whole symposium is wri","PeriodicalId":76303,"journal":{"name":"Paraplegia","volume":"26 1","pages":"157-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1919-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65215150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}