Jennifer Ormsby, Tonya Wagner, Ria Gupta, Tara Millson, Bethany Phillips
{"title":"Safe Injection, Infusion, Medication Vial, and Point-of-Care Testing Practices in Healthcare (2025).","authors":"Jennifer Ormsby, Tonya Wagner, Ria Gupta, Tara Millson, Bethany Phillips","doi":"10.1016/j.ajic.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose statement: </strong>This position paper provides healthcare professionals (HCP) updated guidance with corresponding evidence and rationale to support safe injection, infusion, medication vial, and point-of-care testing practices in healthcare settings. It addresses the infection risks associated with these practices but does not address other safety issues such as right dose, right site, right medication, phlebotomy, or intravenous catheter care. This document updates the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC) 2016 position paper.</p>","PeriodicalId":7621,"journal":{"name":"American journal of infection control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yobelli Alexandra Jimenez, Suzanne Hill, Sarah Lewis, Dania Abu Awwad
{"title":"Exploring radiographers' practice and decision-making relating to infection prevention and control in the CT environment: An observation study in a simulated environment.","authors":"Yobelli Alexandra Jimenez, Suzanne Hill, Sarah Lewis, Dania Abu Awwad","doi":"10.1016/j.ajic.2025.04.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajic.2025.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Contrast media use is high in computed tomography (CT). This study aimed to explore radiographers' decision-making process when using contrast media injectors in the CT environment, with a focus on infection prevention and control (IPC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative study using observation within a think-aloud methodology in a simulated environment was undertaken. Participants performed all the steps to undertake a contrast-enhanced CT scan, while verbalizing their actions and process.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CT radiographers (n=20) participated in this study. Variations were observed across all stages of CT scanning. Gloves were used by a large proportion of participants while connecting the patient (n=16, 80%), followed by disconnecting from the patient (n=18, 90%).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to map steps and explore radiographers' decision-making relating to contrast-enhanced CT procedures. Justification of practice centered around patient care and self-protection factors, using routine IPC practice and awareness of IPC risks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was inconsistency between participants in terms of workflow and order of steps setting up a patient in CT, along with variations in IPC practices. The lack of universal guidelines specific to IPC in CT has manifested as variations in practice across CT departments.</p>","PeriodicalId":7621,"journal":{"name":"American journal of infection control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143953360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephanie A Boone, Nicklous D Betts-Childress, M Kahlid Ijaz, Julie McKinney, Charles P Gerba
{"title":"The Impact of an Air Sanitizer Spray on Risk of Virus Transmission by Aerosols Generated by Toilet Flushing.","authors":"Stephanie A Boone, Nicklous D Betts-Childress, M Kahlid Ijaz, Julie McKinney, Charles P Gerba","doi":"10.1016/j.ajic.2025.04.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2025.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Toilet flushing has been reported to result in pathogen contamination of restroom fomites and air. The goal of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an Air Sanitizing Spray on reducing cross-contamination of restroom fomites and air after toilet flushing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bacteriophage MS2 was added to toilet bowl water then flushed, and cross-contamination of restroom fomites and air were determined. Subsequently, the procedure was replicated to determine the interventional role of using either an Air Sanitizer Spray or surface Disinfectant Spray after toilet flushing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 90 to 99.99% reduction of cross-contamination on fomites occurred with the use of the Air Sanitizer depending on the fomite location and sanitizer spray duration. Use of the Air Sanitizer significantly reduced viral contamination only on the toilet seat after spraying 8 seconds, but after a 30 second spray cross-contamination was significantly reduced on 4 of 5 restroom surfaces. Air contamination was also reduced by 99% after Air Sanitizer use. In contrast, when the hard surface Disinfectant Spray was sprayed in the air its impact on post-flushing cross-contamination was negligible.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Air Sanitizer spraying significantly reduces potential airborne pathogen exposure from toilet flushing including the risk of norovirus transmission in restroom.</p>","PeriodicalId":7621,"journal":{"name":"American journal of infection control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liang En Wee, Edwin Philip Conceicao, Mabel Zhi Qi Foo, Jean Xiang Ying Sim, Hau Yiang Cheong, Karrie Kwan Ki Ko, Darius Yak Weng Chan, May Kyawt Aung, Aung Myat Oo, Shalvi Arora, Yong Yang, Lai Chee Lee, Crystal Shie Lyeen Wong, Moi Lin Ling, Indumathi Venkatachalam
{"title":"Trends in healthcare-associated non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viral infections in conjunction with masking policies during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a time-series analysis.","authors":"Liang En Wee, Edwin Philip Conceicao, Mabel Zhi Qi Foo, Jean Xiang Ying Sim, Hau Yiang Cheong, Karrie Kwan Ki Ko, Darius Yak Weng Chan, May Kyawt Aung, Aung Myat Oo, Shalvi Arora, Yong Yang, Lai Chee Lee, Crystal Shie Lyeen Wong, Moi Lin Ling, Indumathi Venkatachalam","doi":"10.1016/j.ajic.2025.04.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2025.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>While introduction of universal masking was associated with significant declines in healthcare-associated-respiratory-viral-infections (HA-RVI), subsequent studies have shown mixed results. We sought to evaluate the impact on HA-RVI when masking was continued in the post-pandemic period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Observational study in two Singaporean hospitals from 1<sup>st</sup> January 2016 to 30<sup>th</sup> April 2024. Pre-pandemic, masking (surgical masks) was only practiced in high-risk wards. During the pandemic, masking was made mandatory hospital-wide, together with other extensive mitigation measures; in the post-pandemic phase, other mitigation measures were stood-down but masking in hospitals was continued. Interrupted time-series analysis was utilized to compare trends in HA-RVI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the pandemic, HA-RVI fell to near-zero. In the post-pandemic phase, when other mitigation measures were stood-down but masking in hospitals was continued, HA-RVI rebounded. Time-series analysis showed immediate decrease in HA-RVI following imposition of universal masking, together with other mitigation measures during the pandemic; post-pandemic, there was both an immediate increase in HA-RVI, as well as a significant increase in the trend of HA-RVI over time, despite continuation of masking.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HA-RVI rebounded in the post-pandemic period after other mitigation measures were stood-down, even whilst masking continued in hospitals.</p>","PeriodicalId":7621,"journal":{"name":"American journal of infection control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0196-6553(25)00264-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0196-6553(25)00264-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7621,"journal":{"name":"American journal of infection control","volume":"53 5","pages":"Pages A11-A12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cautioning the early removal of airborne isolation in patients with polymerase chain reaction negative Mycobacterium tuberculosis","authors":"Michael A. Goulart MPH, CIC","doi":"10.1016/j.ajic.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajic.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7621,"journal":{"name":"American journal of infection control","volume":"53 5","pages":"Page 665"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Information for Readers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0196-6553(25)00263-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0196-6553(25)00263-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7621,"journal":{"name":"American journal of infection control","volume":"53 5","pages":"Page A10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An intersectional analysis of infection prevention and control practices in Pakistan: A nationwide survey based on the Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework.","authors":"Saima Asghar, Muhammad Atif, Imran Masood","doi":"10.1016/j.ajic.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Most health care-associated infections are preventable through the effective implementation of infection prevention and control (IPC) program. The study aimed to evaluate the current IPC practices in health care facilities of Pakistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a nationwide cross-sectional survey, in which data were obtained from key informants of the IPC team in recruited hospitals using the Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework (IPCAF) questionnaire. Based on the IPCAF scoring algorithm, hospitals were categorized as Inadequate, Basic, Intermediate, or Advanced.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median IPCAF score for all hospitals (N=42) was 387.8/800 (IQR: 219.8-518.8). The median IPCAF score for public and private hospitals was 353 (IQR: 155.3-468.5) and 583 (IQR: 431.3-598.8), respectively. A significant association was found between IPC levels and a hospital's level of care, bed capacity, key informant's qualification, IPC certification, and IPC training.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>There is a need to strengthen all IPC core components with a special focus on IPC education and training, health care-associated infection surveillance, monitoring/audit of IPC practices and feedback, and workload, staffing, and bed occupancy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Private sector hospitals demonstrated better commitment to IPC measures by achieving an \"Intermediate\" level of IPC as compared with public sector hospitals having a \"Basic\" IPC level.</p>","PeriodicalId":7621,"journal":{"name":"American journal of infection control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}