AIP Advances最新文献

{"title":"Providing charge emission for cloud seeding aircraft","authors":"R. Giles Harrison, Ahmad A. Alkamali, Veronica Escobar-Ruiz, Keri A. Nicoll, Maarten H. P. Ambaum","doi":"10.1063/5.0227533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0227533","url":null,"abstract":"Releasing charge into natural droplet systems such as fog and clouds offers a route to influence their properties. To facilitate charge release across a wide range of altitudes and meteorological circumstances—such as developing clouds—a charge emitter has been developed for integration with the conventional cloud-seeding flares carried by crewed cloud-seeding aircraft. This allows charge emitters to be used alongside, or instead of, conventional particle releasing flares. The charge emitter flare system is self-contained and self-powered, and includes internal monitoring and recording of its operating parameters. Using this “flare emitter” approach, successful charge emission has been demonstrated in level flight, at 3 km altitude, likely to have exceeded natural ion concentrations by several orders of magnitude. This quantitative verification of successful charge emission can underpin further physically based experiments on the effectiveness of charge release in cloud seeding.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced inertia friction welding of aluminum alloy and high-strength steel using CrCoNi interlayer: Microstructural and mechanical characterization","authors":"Qiming Jiang, Wei Wu, Hongrui Yang, Kunhang Li, Guangchuan Zhang, Hong Huang","doi":"10.1063/5.0221957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0221957","url":null,"abstract":"The significant disparities in physical and chemical properties between aluminum alloy and high-strength steel pose substantial challenges for conventional friction joining techniques. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel approach utilizing inertial friction welding with an interlayer to join these dissimilar materials. A CrCoNi medium entropy alloy sheet was selected as the interlayer due to its intermediate melting point, thermal conductivity, strength, and surface hardness between 6061-T6 aluminum alloy and 42CrMo steel, as well as its high element mixing entropy. These properties were deemed crucial for balancing interface heat generation and regulation the formation of intermetallic compounds. The experimental procedure involved embedding the CrCoNi sheet into the end face of the 6061-T6 aluminum alloy, followed by the application of IFW to join the aluminum alloy with 42CrMo high-strength steel. This investigation focuses on examining the effects of three distinct friction speeds (3800, 4000, and 4200 rpm) on the microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of the regulating joints with the CrCoNi interlayer. Results demonstrate that the CrCoNi enhances the temperature at the steel-side interface through friction with 42CrMo steel and 6061-T6 aluminum, combined with adjustments in the friction sequence and duration, promoting plastic deformation. The axial transfer of heat creates a temperature gradient at the joint, enabling low-temperature welding on the aluminum side and forming a mechanical interlocking structure at the interface. The diffusion of Cr, Co, and Ni elements regulates the type and thickness of interfacial intermetallic compounds, ultimately enhancing the joint's strength. The thickness of the intermetallic compounds AlNi3, FeAl3, AlCo, and Fe2Al5 formed at the interface is less than 2 µm. A phase transformation occurred at the 42CrMo high-strength steel interface, leading to the formation of numerous needle-like martensites, which increased the Vickers hardness in the welding seam to 763.9 HV. The joint's tensile strength initially increased and then decreased with increasing friction speed, reaching a maximum of 168.7 MPa at 4000 rpm, which is more than 60% of the aluminum alloy base material's tensile strength.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing WEDM performance on Mg/FeCoCrNiMn HEA composites through ANN and entropy integrated COCOSO optimization","authors":"P. M. Gopal, V. Kavimani, S. Sudhagar, Debabrata Barik, Prabhu Paramasivam, Harinadh Vemanaboina","doi":"10.1063/5.0226558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0226558","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this experimental work is to find the ideal wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) parameter combination for processing a novel FeCoCrNiMn High Entropy Alloy (HEA)-reinforced magnesium composite. This composite is developed with varying weights of FeCoCrNiMn at 5%, 10%, and 15% through powder metallurgy. Experiments are performed to examine the effects of HEA and wire-EDM variables on surface roughness (Ra) and kerf width (KW) using Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array. The hybrid ENTROPY-COCOSO (Combined Compromise Solution) methodology is used for multiple objective optimizations after the Taguchi method for optimization. The most significant constraints on Ra and KW are found to be pulse ON time and current. Wider kerfs and rougher surfaces are the result of longer pulse ON times and higher current. The ideal input parameters recommended by ENTROPY-COCOSO for minimal Ra and KW are 2 A of current, 20 µs of pulse ON time, 25 µs of pulse OFF time, and 4 mm/min of wire feed rate. To predict outcomes, both linear regression models and artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used, and the results are compared with experimental data. The results are validated by the fact that ANN predictions closely match experimental data with minimal deviation.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"184 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MoSe2 nanoflakes for zinc ion storage","authors":"Renzhi Jiang, Yuncheng Cai","doi":"10.1063/5.0226948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0226948","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have become a highly desirable energy storage technology due to their significant advantages, such as low cost and high safety; however, the limitation of cathode materials has become a major factor restricting the development of ZIBs. Here, molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) nanoflakes were investigated for the first time as a novel cathode for ZIBs. The unique two-dimensional (2D) layered structure of MoSe2 provides convenient channels and multiple active sites for zinc (Zn) ion diffusion. MoSe2 showed a specific capacity of 30.1 mA h/g at 0.1 A/g as well as almost no capacity decay at 1.0 A/g after 1500 cycles. Further, the Zn–MoSe2 coin cell successfully excited a light-emitting diode, showing good application prospects. Moreover, there was almost no aging of the battery after cycling, thus indicating satisfactory application potential. This work broadens the application of 2D materials in ZIBs.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of discharge current oscillations with dust particles","authors":"Nidhi Patel, G. Prasad","doi":"10.1063/5.0222899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0222899","url":null,"abstract":"We present a detailed experimental study of discharge current oscillations in a planar cathode plasma with poly-dispersed alumina dust particles. The dominant frequency of oscillation depends on the discharge voltage, operating pressure, and amount of dust particles placed on the cathode. The power-law variation in the dominant frequency with different external operating parameters is presented. Experimental observations suggest that the dominant mechanism behind the generation of these oscillations is the cathode spot injection of sub-micron-sized dust particles. The cathode spots also aid in the generation of fine dust particles. The threshold limit on dust particle density dispersed on the cathode suggests that below the threshold limit, the fine particles depleting the electrons play an important role and lead to the generation of self-excited oscillations. Operating above the threshold limit, a stable dust cloud was observed together with the suppression of self-excited oscillations.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluid-acoustic monolithic simulation based on spectral element method to solve flows past a slotted circular cylinder at low Reynolds numbers","authors":"Ya Zhuo, Guoliang Qin, Ximeng Ye","doi":"10.1063/5.0215719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0215719","url":null,"abstract":"Aerodynamic noise resulting from the flow around cylinders is a significant engineering challenge in aviation and wind engineering. The phenomenon of alternating vortex shedding in the flow leads to vibration and noise generation. However, accurately describing both the flow field and the sound field is challenging due to the significant difference in magnitude between them. To tackle this issue, this work introduces the application of the spectral element method (SEM) and flow-acoustic monolithic simulation for solving the two-dimensional compressible Navier–Stokes equations at low Reynolds numbers. This study is to investigate the reduction of flow-induced noise through the implementation of slotting technology on a circular cylinder. This study focuses on examining two different slit width ratios, s/d = 0.15 and 0.25, with a slit angle of attack of 0°. A comparative analysis is conducted between a complete circular cylinder and a slotted circular cylinder. The findings indicate that the slotted cylinder exhibits reduced intensity of vortex shedding and an extended region of downstream vortex generation compared to the complete cylinder. Notably, when s/d = 0.25, the slotted cylinder demonstrates minimal noise generation. Even at s/d = 0.15, a significant reduction in flow-induced noise is observed. These results highlight the potential of utilizing slotting technology on cylinders to effectively mitigate aerodynamic noise. The application of SEM and flow-acoustic monolithic simulation shows their relevance in analyzing and designing noise mitigation techniques in aerodynamics. This work can develop innovative solutions to reduce noise and improve the performance of various applications in aviation and wind engineering.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the cracking process of epoxy resin under oxygen and water atmosphere based on ReaxFF force field","authors":"Xiajin Rao, Boya Peng, Lei Zhang, Dajian Li, Wei Zhang, Peng Liu, Fangyuan Han, Liangyuan Chen, Yi Su, Le Wang, Shaoming Pan, Rui Li, Wei Huang, Min Yu","doi":"10.1063/5.0226686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0226686","url":null,"abstract":"Amino-cured epoxy resins are widely used in the electrical and electronic industry for their excellent properties. To investigate the mechanism of the effect of O2 and H2O on the pyrolysis behavior of epoxy resin, in this paper, the cross-linked structure of bisphenol A type epoxy resin cured by adducts of diethylenetriamine and butyl glycidyl ether is modeled based on the ReaxFF force field, and the thermal decomposition processes at different temperatures and gas atmospheres were simulated and the pathways of the small molecule products were clarified. The results show that epoxy resin will produce small molecule gas products, such as H2, CO, H2O, OH, CH2O, and free radicals, in the process of pyrolysis; the presence of amino groups also generates nitrogen-containing radicals, such as CN, CH2N, and C2H4N; as the reaction temperature increases, the rate of pyrolysis reaction will be accelerated. The same temperature in oxygen and water atmospheres can accelerate the breakage of epoxy resin main chain by promoting the breakage of carbon and oxygen bonds and, at the same time, promote the generation of small molecule gases, such as H2 and CO.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on single-phase grounding fault location technology in distribution networks based on impedance method","authors":"Sha Wang, Shengkai Wei","doi":"10.1063/5.0225951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0225951","url":null,"abstract":"This article mainly introduces the impedance based single-phase grounding fault location method for distribution networks, including its theoretical basis, algorithm steps, and simulation verification. First, starting from the impedance analysis of the transmission line model, the method of accurately measuring the location of the fault point through phase domain analysis is explained. Next, the process of impedance analysis for single-phase grounding faults was described in detail, that is, how to solve the impedance of the grounding fault points by calculating the voltage and current signals. Then, the specific process of the impedance based grounding fault location algorithm was introduced, including the calculation of equivalent load impedance, the calculation of starting voltage and current, the calculation of grounding current, and the solution of fault point location. Finally, simulation verification was conducted using an IEEE 34 node distribution system example in a MATLAB/Simulink environment, and the results showed that the algorithm has high positioning accuracy, with a maximum error of within 3%.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of noise and its characteristics in avalanche photodiode","authors":"XiaoFei Jia, Qun Wei, Yan Zhu, WenPeng Zhang","doi":"10.1063/5.0229293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0229293","url":null,"abstract":"Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) produce noise during operation, which affects the device performance. However, the previous research on its noise is mainly theoretical analysis and is only reflected as optical noise. Therefore, according to the characteristics of APD material and the mechanism of noise generation, the main noise of the device is analyzed in this paper. First, the test method of noise in APDs is established, including testing of dark noise, optical noise, and multiplication noise in high frequency bands. The main noises in APDs are 1/f noise, thermal noise, shot noise, generation recombination noise, and multiplication shot noise, and shot noise is suppressed by Fermi–Dirac distribution and Coulomb action. Second, the reliability of APDs is evaluated by measuring and analyzing the noise parameters of the device through thermal aging experiments. It is concluded that the defects introduced by thermal aging can be reflected by the change in noise, which is consistent with the results in the literature. This method can comprehensively obtain the noise in APDs, which is helpful to improve the working efficiency, life, and reliability of the device.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadband metamaterial linear polarization converter designed by a hybrid neural network with data augmentation","authors":"Junyu Hua, Xiaodong He","doi":"10.1063/5.0224049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0224049","url":null,"abstract":"Deep learning techniques provide a new approach to the design and optimization of electromagnetic metamaterials. This study used a convolutional neural network and long short-term memory (CNN–LSTM) hybrid network to design and optimize a broadband metamaterial reflective linear polarization converter. The data augmentation method was also employed in few-shot learning to reduce optimization costs and improve model prediction performance. With the inverse prediction, a linear polarization converter that perfectly covers the Ku-band was obtained and fabricated with flexible printed circuit technology. Both simulation and experimental results indicate that this network can accurately predict the structural parameters. The polarization converter not only achieves remarkable broadband polarization conversion efficiency spanning the 2.2–18 GHz range but also maintains precise cross-polarization control across the entire Ku-band. The mean polarization conversion ratio in the Ku-band was calculated to be an impressive 99.69%. Finally, the mechanism of polarization conversion and the influence of each structural parameter on its performance further verify the optimality of the inverse design model. The use of CNN–LSTM deep learning methods significantly simplified the design process of electromagnetic metamaterials, reducing design costs while ensuring high design precision and excellent performance.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}