AIP AdvancesPub Date : 2024-11-14eCollection Date: 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1063/5.0238119
Jixin Chen
{"title":"Dimensional analysis of diffusive association rate equations.","authors":"Jixin Chen","doi":"10.1063/5.0238119","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0238119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diffusive adsorption/association is a fundamental step in almost all chemical reactions in diluted solutions, such as organic synthesis, polymerization, self-assembly, biomolecular interactions, electrode dynamics, catalysis, chromatography, air and water environmental dynamics, and social and market dynamics. However, predicting the rate of such a reaction is challenging using the equations established over 100 years ago. Several orders of magnitude differences between the theoretical predictions and experimental measurements for various systems, from self-assembled monolayers to protein-protein aggregations, make such calculations meaningless in many situations. I believe the major problem is that the time-dependent evolution curve of Fick's gradient is an ideal assumption in most cases, and its slope is significantly overestimated. This paper digs into Fick's gradient problem for 3D cases and provides a solution using the single-molecule diffusion probability density function discretely.</p>","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"14 11","pages":"115218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11567696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AIP AdvancesPub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1063/5.0209241
Miki U. Kobayashi, Kohta Takehara, Hiroyasu Ando, Michio Yamada
{"title":"Mathematical analysis of the Wiener processes with time-delayed feedback","authors":"Miki U. Kobayashi, Kohta Takehara, Hiroyasu Ando, Michio Yamada","doi":"10.1063/5.0209241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0209241","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that time delays generally make a system unstable. However, it is numerically observed that the diffusion coefficients of the Wiener processes with time-delayed feedback decrease while increasing the time delay τ. In particular, the decay of the diffusion coefficients with the form (11+τ)2 has been confirmed by numerical simulations [Ando et al., Phys. Rev. E 96, 012148 (2017)]. In this paper, we present two analytical derivations for the relation (11+τ)2 by dynamical system approaches using the Laplace transform and stochastic differential equations.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"208 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AIP AdvancesPub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1063/5.0220752
Xin Zhang, YongBao Liu, Qiang Wang, ZhiKai Xing, Mo Li
{"title":"Numerical simulation and experimental study of the dynamic characteristics of a gas turbine rotor system with beam sea and head sea excitation","authors":"Xin Zhang, YongBao Liu, Qiang Wang, ZhiKai Xing, Mo Li","doi":"10.1063/5.0220752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0220752","url":null,"abstract":"Vibration analysis is crucial for studying rotor dynamics. The gas turbine rotor system is subjected to complex alternating loads during navigation, resulting in vibrations transmitted to the bearings that alter the system’s dynamic characteristics. Based on the similarity law of the wave resistance test, a hull model was established. Beam sea and head sea tests were conducted in the towing pool to measure the acceleration response at the key positions. A finite element model of the turbine rotor system was established, and the test data were imported into the model after wavelet noise reduction and resampling to calculate the vibration response at the front and rear bearing points. The vibration responses transmitted to different locations and directions caused by beam sea and head sea conditions were analyzed. A comparison and analysis were conducted on the acceleration responses in various locations and directions under beam sea or head sea conditions. The equivalent von Mises stress distribution of the gas turbine rotor system under beam sea and head sea loads was obtained. The vibration transfer model was verified for accuracy and can be used to quickly analyze the vibration response of bearings under wave load transfer. This study provides a theoretical basis and reference for enhancing the stability of the gas turbine rotor system.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AIP AdvancesPub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1063/5.0226566
Ruihua Zhou, Baoyu Tan, Hairu Li
{"title":"Flexible and anisotropically conductive film by assembly of silicone rubber and cobalt-coated glass fiber composites","authors":"Ruihua Zhou, Baoyu Tan, Hairu Li","doi":"10.1063/5.0226566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0226566","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we prepared electromagnetic cobalt-coated glass fiber (Co@GF) composites via an electroless plating method. Subsequently, a conductive sandwich flexible film consisting of Co@GF composites and liquid silicone rubber (RTV-2) was successfully formed using the tape casting method at room temperature. Based on the perfect coating and excellent electrical conductivity of the Co@GF composites, the resultant RTV-2/Co@GF/RTV-2 sandwich flexible film showed a low volume resistivity of 0.264 Ω·cm and could stretch to 100% (of 4.40 Ω·cm) without obvious fracture. When a magnetic field was applied during the curing process, the electromagnetic Co@GF composites were aligned automatically in the RTV-2 matrix because of their ferromagnetic nature. The as-prepared film exhibited anisotropy in its electrical performance. The volume resistivity parallel to the magnetic field direction is approximately two times lower than that in the perpendicular direction. The maximum difference in the volume resistivity (ρ∥ = 0.768 Ω·cm and ρ⊥ = 1.549 Ω·cm) was obtained at a magnetic field intensity of 800 mT. In addition, a magnetic field intensity of 100 mT helps improve the electrical conductivity of the as-obtained sandwich film. The anisotropic RTV-2/Co@GF/RTV-2 sandwich flexible film is considered a promising flexible electronic sensor, where discrepant inductive sensitivity is required in orthogonal directions.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AIP AdvancesPub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1063/5.0224254
B. Chektybayev, S. Zhunisbek, Ye Kashikbayev, A. Duisen, I. Sokolov, T. Tulenbergenov
{"title":"First spectroscopic studies in the plasma-beam installation","authors":"B. Chektybayev, S. Zhunisbek, Ye Kashikbayev, A. Duisen, I. Sokolov, T. Tulenbergenov","doi":"10.1063/5.0224254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0224254","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of spectroscopic measurements of plasma in a linear simulator of a plasma-beam installation (PBI) for conducting materials science research. For the first time, non-contact optical diagnostic methods were employed to measure the plasma parameters in the PBI. These measurements were allowed for the clarification of the PBI plasma parameters and the identification of transition zones in different operational modes. Analysis of the plasma emission spectrum enabled the identification of impurity spectral lines and the estimation of key plasma parameters under varying experimental conditions. The spectra were recorded using two optical spectrometers covering a wavelength range of 200–800 nm. The experimental conditions varied in terms of electron beam accelerating voltage (1–5 kV), working gas pressure (1–6 mTorr), and target bias voltage (from −500 to −100 V). The Boltzmann plot method and Stark broadening of the Balmer lines were used to estimate electron temperature and density. Based on the obtained spectroscopic data, the electron density and the electron temperature were determined. The methods described in this study are applicable to linear plasma devices.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and simulation of a Ka-band frequency doubling gyroklystron amplifier","authors":"Abhijeet Singh, Madan Singh Chauhan, Neelam Srivastava","doi":"10.1063/5.0190157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0190157","url":null,"abstract":"The design methodology of a Ka-band frequency doubling two cavity gyroklystron has been discussed in this paper. In this study, the amplifier’s design and simulation are accomplished by employing nonlinear analysis and validated using particle-in-cell simulation techniques. The output cavity functions in the TE02 mode at two times the input signal frequency at the second harmonic of the cyclotron frequency, while the input cavity is powered by a 17.5 GHz source and functions in the TE01 mode at the first harmonic of the cyclotron resonance. The device’s performance has been examined both in the presence and in the absence of a beam. A number of factors were taken into account in order to optimize the interaction structure dimension to reach the device’s targeted performance. By adjusting the structural features and electron beam parameters, the device’s RF output power is assessed in an effort to increase efficiency. Simulation results estimate that the device displays a gain of 21.5 dB, an efficiency of 21.6%, a power of 227 kW, and a −3 dB bandwidth of ∼0.3%.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AIP AdvancesPub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1063/5.0214100
Yuan Yang, Keli Gao, Hao Wang, Shuai Yuan, Jinchao Du, Yansong Ji, Dehui Fu, Yin Huang, Guangkai Cui
{"title":"Decomposition characteristics and influencing mechanisms of C4F7N/CO2 gas with different metal materials","authors":"Yuan Yang, Keli Gao, Hao Wang, Shuai Yuan, Jinchao Du, Yansong Ji, Dehui Fu, Yin Huang, Guangkai Cui","doi":"10.1063/5.0214100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0214100","url":null,"abstract":"C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture, as the main new environmentally friendly gas insulation medium, is now being widely used in the ring network switchgear and other gas electrical equipment. In this paper, a test platform was constructed to simulate partial discharge in a gas medium, the decomposition characteristics of the C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture during suspended potential discharge were studied under four different metal electrode materials: stainless steel, purple copper, tungsten copper, and aluminum alloy. The results show that the main decomposition products of the C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture during suspended discharge are CO, CF4, C4F8, C3F8, C3F6, CF3CN, and C2F4 gases, which are independent of the metal material. On the whole, when the metal electrode material is stainless steel, the highest amount of decomposition products are generated from the C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture; when the metal electrode material is aluminum alloy, the amount of decomposition products produced by C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture is the least, and the content difference of some decomposition products between these two metal materials is as high as 70%. The decomposition products of the C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture decreased gradually with the increase in the gas pressure. Finally, the influence mechanism of different metal materials on the decomposition process of the C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture was analyzed from the microscopic perspectives of charge transfer between gas molecules and molecular structural characteristics. In general, the research results can provide technical reference for the design, selection, and optimization of environmental protection gas insulation equipment.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"192 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AIP AdvancesPub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1063/5.0229333
Shunmathi M., Julius Fusic S., Shanmugavel Rajesh, Jayant Giri, Sathish T., Abdullah Alarifi, S. M. Mozammil Hasnain
{"title":"Bridgeless modified Cuk–SEPIC power factor correction converter for E-bicycle applications","authors":"Shunmathi M., Julius Fusic S., Shanmugavel Rajesh, Jayant Giri, Sathish T., Abdullah Alarifi, S. M. Mozammil Hasnain","doi":"10.1063/5.0229333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0229333","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of this scope is on the single phase Cuk and SEPIC power factor correction converter that is attractive to electric bicycle applications. In order to guarantee improved performance, the proposed modified converter is designed to operate in discontinuous conduction mode, which is hidden by changes in supply and load voltage. For rated load, the investigational study achieves reduced input line total harmonic distortion and unity power factor. Line regulation, high efficiency, and load regulation are achieved by means of a closed loop PI control circuit that has a voltage sensor and current loop. The power supply is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink under various operating conditions, and the designed system is validated using a 250 W hardware prototype. The input current is observed to be perfectly sinusoidal, and the IEC 61000-3-2 class A standard is followed in recording the total harmonic distortion of the mains current.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Leakage current in GaN-on-GaN vertical GaN SBDs grown by HVPE on native GaN substrates","authors":"Weiyi Jin, Yumin Zhang, Songyuan Xia, Qizhi Zhu, Yuanhang Sun, Juemin Yi, Jianfeng Wang, Ke Xu","doi":"10.1063/5.0208706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0208706","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates leakage mechanisms in vertical GaN-on-GaN Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) and demonstrates effective mitigation strategies. The fabricated devices exhibit low reverse leakage current (1 × 10−5 A/cm2 at −200 V) and a high Ion/Ioff ratio (∼1010), surpassing the performance of GaN SBDs on foreign substrates. We elucidate dominant leakage mechanisms—thermionic emission, Poole–Frenkel emission, and variable-range hopping—and their evolution with temperature and bias. Optimized fabrication processes, including defect etching and a novel dual-layer passivation technique, achieve over a 1000-fold reduction in leakage current.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Differences in microstructure and properties of Ti-based amorphous composites between recrystallization and partial remelting and semi-solid isothermal treatment","authors":"Xin-hua Huang, Jin-heng Chen, Yu-huai Wang, Yong-xin Luo, Yue-jun Ouyang","doi":"10.1063/5.0226545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0226545","url":null,"abstract":"The as-cast specimens of Ti48Zr18V12Cu5Be17 amorphous composites were prepared by copper mold suction casting. Next, the as-cast specimens were treated using semi-solid isothermal treatment (SSIT) and recrystallization and partial remelting (RAP). The effects of SSIT and RAP on the microstructure and plasticity were analyzed. The results showed that the microstructure changed from fine crystals in the as-cast specimens to coarse bar crystals and near-spherical crystals in the SSIT and RAP specimens, respectively. The crystals of RAP specimens were finer and rounder than those of SSIT specimens due to recrystallization. In addition, the RAP specimens had high plasticity (20.93%), which is 428.5% and 45.2% higher than the as-cast and SSIT specimens, respectively. By observing the shear bands of the fractured specimens, it was found that the expansion of shear bands could not be impeded by the fine β-Ti crystals in the as-cast specimens, leading to an infinite extension that induces brittle fracture in the specimens. The essential cause of the poor plasticity of the as-cast specimens was revealed. In addition, the coarse β-Ti crystals effectively blocked the shear band expansion in the SSIT specimens, and a large number of shear bands were generated in these crystals. In contrast, the crystals of the RAP specimens had a greater number and density of shear bands compared to those of the SSIT specimens, and these shear bands intersected with each other in different directions. This revealed the mechanism by which the SSIT and RAP methods enhance the plasticity of amorphous composites.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}