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Standardization of the activated partial thromboplastin time for monitoring of heparin therapy: where should we go? 标准化活化部分凝血活酶时间监测肝素治疗:我们该何去何从?
La Ricerca in clinica e in laboratorio Pub Date : 1989-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02871828
A M van den Besselaar
{"title":"Standardization of the activated partial thromboplastin time for monitoring of heparin therapy: where should we go?","authors":"A M van den Besselaar","doi":"10.1007/BF02871828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02871828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Standardization of the APTT for monitoring of heparin therapy is needed urgently. On the one hand, reference materials and methods should be established. On the other hand, the scale for reporting of results should be standardized. The implementation of a system based on a reference APTT method meets a number of practical problems. The use of lyophilized plasma as a reference material is of questionable value, until these products more satisfactorily resemble fresh patient plasma specimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":76092,"journal":{"name":"La Ricerca in clinica e in laboratorio","volume":"19 4","pages":"371-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF02871828","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13776763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Screening for hemostasis during hemorrhagic emergencies. 出血紧急情况下的止血筛查。
La Ricerca in clinica e in laboratorio Pub Date : 1989-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02871823
P M Mannucci
{"title":"Screening for hemostasis during hemorrhagic emergencies.","authors":"P M Mannucci","doi":"10.1007/BF02871823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02871823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We propose a laboratory screening scheme for the hemostatic system to be adopted during hemorrhagic emergencies in hospital patients bleeding excessively to the extent of requiring massive blood transfusions. The aim of the screening scheme is to establish whether excessive bleeding is due to alterations of the hemostatic system or to other causes. Seven tests were chosen on the basis of their simplicity, rapidity and comprehensiveness in the evaluation of the hemostatic system: the platelet count, the prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times, the thrombin and reptilase times and the assays of plasma fibrinogen and fibrin(ogen) degradation products. We then attempted to validate the choice of these tests with 172 emergency cases due to excessive bleeding which led to massive blood replacement. The high frequency of abnormalities of one or more tests found in this series (93%) indicates the excellent diagnostic sensitivity of the screening scheme in detecting hemostatic abnormalities. The screening scheme was also useful in the diagnostic work-up of the bleeding disorders most frequently encountered during hemorrhagic emergencies (disseminated intravascular coagulation, liver disease, unsuspected heparinization and the hemostatic defect associated with massive blood transfusion).</p>","PeriodicalId":76092,"journal":{"name":"La Ricerca in clinica e in laboratorio","volume":"19 4","pages":"339-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF02871823","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13776059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Current status of the clinical use of heparin fractions. 肝素制剂的临床应用现状。
La Ricerca in clinica e in laboratorio Pub Date : 1989-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02871810
P Prandoni
{"title":"Current status of the clinical use of heparin fractions.","authors":"P Prandoni","doi":"10.1007/BF02871810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02871810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, numerous low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) fractions have become available for clinical use, and the widespread registration of some of these products is expected soon also in Italy. An increased benefit/risk ratio concerning efficacy and safety has been shown in animal models as compared to standard heparin. In order to assess whether there is sufficient evidence supporting their use in replacement of unfractionated heparin, a review of the results of the main clinical studies is performed, discussing LMWH effectiveness and bleeding risk separately in the different clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":76092,"journal":{"name":"La Ricerca in clinica e in laboratorio","volume":"19 3","pages":"211-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF02871810","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13700937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Immunology of AIDS: approaches to understanding the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection. 艾滋病免疫学:了解HIV感染的免疫发病机制的途径。
La Ricerca in clinica e in laboratorio Pub Date : 1989-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02871809
Z F Rosenberg, A S Fauci
{"title":"Immunology of AIDS: approaches to understanding the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection.","authors":"Z F Rosenberg,&nbsp;A S Fauci","doi":"10.1007/BF02871809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02871809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes an extensive array of immunologic abnormalities which ultimately lead to severe immunosuppression, opportunistic disease, and death. Many of the immunologic defects can be attributable to the quantitative and qualitative deficiencies of T4 lymphocytes caused by HIV. Other abnormalities may reflect chronic HIV exposure to or infection of other immunologic cells including B cells and monocyte/macrophages. A summary of the potential mechanisms of pathogenesis of HIV infection is shown in fig. 2. One of the most puzzling aspects of infection with HIV is the length and variability of time between initial infection and disease. It appears that activation of latent or chronic, smoldering infection into active disease may be the result of a variety of factors, including heterologous viruses and cytokines, whose common denominator is the ability to induce the production of DNA-binding proteins that interact with the HIV-LTR and induce transcription of virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":76092,"journal":{"name":"La Ricerca in clinica e in laboratorio","volume":"19 3","pages":"189-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF02871809","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13828773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Correlation between DNA synthesis and glucosamine incorporation in human diploid fibroblasts stimulated by fibroblast growth factor and fetal calf serum. 成纤维细胞生长因子和胎牛血清刺激人二倍体成纤维细胞DNA合成与葡萄糖胺掺入的关系。
La Ricerca in clinica e in laboratorio Pub Date : 1989-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02871816
I J Hiu
{"title":"Correlation between DNA synthesis and glucosamine incorporation in human diploid fibroblasts stimulated by fibroblast growth factor and fetal calf serum.","authors":"I J Hiu","doi":"10.1007/BF02871816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02871816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 20 and 80% decrease of 3H-glucosamine incorporation was observed in resting human fibroblasts stimulated with fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and fetal calf serum (FCS), respectively. The decrease occurred as early as 15 min after stimulation. Inversely, DNA synthesis was increased 1 and 5 fold and cell number was increased 2 and 2.5 fold 72h later. 3H-glucosamine was incorporated in cell membrane glycopeptides (GP). Extracted from control or from cells exposed to FGF or FCS, GP have the same molecular weight and identical chemical constitution. The decrease of 3H-glucosamine incorporation caused by FGF and FCS appears to be related to the competitive binding between glucosamine-FGF and glucosamine-FCS components to GP, which probably constitute cell membrane receptors. A decline of 3H-glucosamine incorporation caused by FCS seems to result from the binding to cell-surface receptors (i.e., GP) of a large number of FCS components. The results suggest a correlation between cell growth rate and the density of growth-promoting molecules received by cells, since a large decrease of 3H-glucosamine incorporation corresponds to a high increase of DNA synthesis in cells exposed to FCS, which is a mixture of components with multiple effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":76092,"journal":{"name":"La Ricerca in clinica e in laboratorio","volume":"19 3","pages":"267-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF02871816","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13738423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Xenotransplantation in immunosuppressed nude mice of human solid tumors and acute leukemias directly from patients or in vitro cell lines. 人类实体瘤和急性白血病免疫抑制裸鼠的异种移植直接来自患者或体外细胞系。
La Ricerca in clinica e in laboratorio Pub Date : 1989-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02871812
P Caretto, M Forni, G d'Orazi, S Scarpa, P Feraiorni, C Jemma, A Modesti, M Ferrarini, S Roncella, R Foà
{"title":"Xenotransplantation in immunosuppressed nude mice of human solid tumors and acute leukemias directly from patients or in vitro cell lines.","authors":"P Caretto,&nbsp;M Forni,&nbsp;G d'Orazi,&nbsp;S Scarpa,&nbsp;P Feraiorni,&nbsp;C Jemma,&nbsp;A Modesti,&nbsp;M Ferrarini,&nbsp;S Roncella,&nbsp;R Foà","doi":"10.1007/BF02871812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02871812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Athymic nude (nu/nu) mice are widely employed for the heterotransplantation of human tumor cell lines established in vitro and tumor cells directly grafted from patients. By contrast, hemopoietic malignancies have consistently proved difficult to transplant and well-characterized human leukemias suitable for studies in nude mice are scarce. We report here our experience with subcutaneous xenotransplantation of human neoplastic cells into nu/nu mice immunosuppressed through sublethal irradiation and splenectomy (SI-nu/nu) and with an additional injection of anti-Asialo-GM1 antibodies (SIA-nu/nu) in order to eliminate natural killer activity. Thirteen out of 16 continuous cell lines established in vitro from solid tumors and 7 out of 14 human tumors obtained from fragments of surgical specimens formed a progressively growing tumor in SI-nu/nu mice. Six out of 8 in vitro established human leukemic cell lines and 5 out of 18 neoplastic hematopoietic cells directly xenotransplanted from the patient grew SIA-nu/nu mice. When the membrane and chromosome markers of neoplastic cells that grew into the mice were evaluated, only marginal differences with those of the original tumors were found. In addition, when interfering factors alter the histological aspect of the primary tumor, xenotransplantation may also be of some help in histological diagnosis. By using SI- and SIA-nu/nu mice, it is thus possible to build up several new in vivo experimental systems with fresh human tumors that may be of value in studying the efficacy of differentiation factors and immunological maneuvers on the in vivo growth of human tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":76092,"journal":{"name":"La Ricerca in clinica e in laboratorio","volume":"19 3","pages":"231-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF02871812","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13738819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
Transmembrane signaling via both CD3 and CD2 human T cell surface molecules involves protein kinase-C translocation. 通过CD3和CD2人T细胞表面分子的跨膜信号传导涉及蛋白激酶- c易位。
La Ricerca in clinica e in laboratorio Pub Date : 1989-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02871811
M Bagnasco, J Nunes, M Lopez, C Lipcey, C Mawas, D Olive
{"title":"Transmembrane signaling via both CD3 and CD2 human T cell surface molecules involves protein kinase-C translocation.","authors":"M Bagnasco,&nbsp;J Nunes,&nbsp;M Lopez,&nbsp;C Lipcey,&nbsp;C Mawas,&nbsp;D Olive","doi":"10.1007/BF02871811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02871811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The activation of T lymphocytes by appropriate pairs of anti-CD2 monoclonal antibodies has been shown to involve phospholipase-C and phosphoinositide hydrolysis. In this paper we show that the stimulation of the human cloned leukemic T cell line Jurkat by anti-CD2 as well as anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies induces translocation from cytosol to cell membrane of protein kinase-C (PKC), which is dependent on the formation of 1,2-diacylglycerol from inositol 4,5-diphosphate. PKC translocation is rapid and transient: the kinetics of enzyme redistribution are similar for CD2 and CD3. These results further stress that CD2 and CD3 T cell activation pathways use similar signal transducing mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":76092,"journal":{"name":"La Ricerca in clinica e in laboratorio","volume":"19 3","pages":"221-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF02871811","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13716571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
One-step purification by high-performance liquid chromatography of retinal S-antigen. 高效液相色谱一步法纯化视网膜s抗原。
La Ricerca in clinica e in laboratorio Pub Date : 1989-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02871815
C Molinotti, P Puddu, S Perugini, P Barboni, R Biagi
{"title":"One-step purification by high-performance liquid chromatography of retinal S-antigen.","authors":"C Molinotti,&nbsp;P Puddu,&nbsp;S Perugini,&nbsp;P Barboni,&nbsp;R Biagi","doi":"10.1007/BF02871815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02871815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A number of subsequent chromatographic techniques are commonly used, over a period of a few days, in order to obtain pure retinal S-antigen (S-Ag), a 50,000-dalton molecular weight protein with strong uveitopathogenic properties. A rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic technique employing a TSK-G3000 SWG gel-filtration column is described for the purification of bovine S-Ag. This single chromatographic step produced S-Ag preparations of high purity and recovery when compared to the conventionally isolated S-Ag.</p>","PeriodicalId":76092,"journal":{"name":"La Ricerca in clinica e in laboratorio","volume":"19 3","pages":"259-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF02871815","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13738424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Horseradish peroxidase and cobalt chloride as neuromarkers in the hypoglossal nucleus. 辣根过氧化物酶和氯化钴作为舌下核的神经标记物。
La Ricerca in clinica e in laboratorio Pub Date : 1989-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02871817
C U Ukabam
{"title":"Horseradish peroxidase and cobalt chloride as neuromarkers in the hypoglossal nucleus.","authors":"C U Ukabam","doi":"10.1007/BF02871817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02871817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hypoglossal nucleus in 129 REJ normal mouse strains was investigated using two neuroanatomical markers, namely the cobalt chloride (CoCl2) and the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) techniques. CoCl2 was introduced through the cut end of the hypoglossal nerve. In one set of experiments HRP was injected into the hypoglossal nerve, while in the other it was injected into the tongue musculature. Results show that with these techniques the hypoglossal neurons are conspicuously stained and can be easily located among series of brainstem sections. The mean number +/- SD of neurons in the hypoglossal nucleus was 1,417 +/- 37, 846 +/- 28 and 1,272 +/- 42 using CoCl2 and HRP injected into the tongue musculature or the hypoglossal nerve, respectively. The estimated length of the nucleus was 0.92 mm with the CoCl2 technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":76092,"journal":{"name":"La Ricerca in clinica e in laboratorio","volume":"19 3","pages":"273-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF02871817","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13828685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Behavior of prealbumin in the acute phase of polymyalgia rheumatica treated with 6-methylprednisolone. 6-甲基强的松龙治疗风湿性多肌痛急性期前白蛋白的行为。
La Ricerca in clinica e in laboratorio Pub Date : 1989-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02871814
L Puccetti, A Lucchetti, P Barbieri, D Melchiorre, M Zuccotti, G Petrini, G Marotta, E Remorini, M L Ciompi
{"title":"Behavior of prealbumin in the acute phase of polymyalgia rheumatica treated with 6-methylprednisolone.","authors":"L Puccetti,&nbsp;A Lucchetti,&nbsp;P Barbieri,&nbsp;D Melchiorre,&nbsp;M Zuccotti,&nbsp;G Petrini,&nbsp;G Marotta,&nbsp;E Remorini,&nbsp;M L Ciompi","doi":"10.1007/BF02871814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02871814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Serum levels of prealbumin, fibronectin, fibrinogen, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, C-reactive protein, immunoglobulins, and white blood cell count were prospectively studied in 33 patients affected by polymyalgia rheumatica during the first 45 days of treatment with 6-methylprednisolone. Almost all parameters considered, except for fibronectin and IgM, settled within the normal range fairly quickly, while prealbumin showed a specular course compared with the other reactants. This behavior reflected the improvement of clinical symptoms registered in all patients after steroid treatment. Finally, the genesis of the low baseline prealbumin levels found in polymyalgia rheumatica/giant cell arteritis and their behavior during treatment are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":76092,"journal":{"name":"La Ricerca in clinica e in laboratorio","volume":"19 3","pages":"251-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF02871814","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13738820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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