Journal of the Indian Dental Association最新文献

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Superficially Invasive Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presenting With Features Of Oral Verrucous Hyperplasia – A Case Report 以口腔疣状增生为特征的浅浸润性口腔鳞状细胞癌1例报告
Journal of the Indian Dental Association Pub Date : 2019-05-24 DOI: 10.33882/JIDA.13.24724
Lavanya C Reader, Rooban Thavarajah Prof, Elizabeth Joshua Prof, U. R. Prof, Kannan Raganathan Head
{"title":"Superficially Invasive Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presenting With Features Of Oral Verrucous Hyperplasia – A Case Report","authors":"Lavanya C Reader, Rooban Thavarajah Prof, Elizabeth Joshua Prof, U. R. Prof, Kannan Raganathan Head","doi":"10.33882/JIDA.13.24724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33882/JIDA.13.24724","url":null,"abstract":"Brief Background : Verrucous lesions of the oral cavity with warty and exophytic clinical presentations can have varied histopathology. Oral Verrucous hyperplasia (OVH) is a potentially malignant disorder, which may transform into oral carcinoma. \u0000\u0000Case Report : We report a 56-year-old male patient who presented with a verruco-proliferative pinkish white growth on the lateral border of the tongue. The patient was diagnosed with superficially invasive squamous cell carcinoma in verrucous hyperplasia based on histopathological features. \u0000\u0000Summary and Conclusion : The diagnosis of this entity poses difficulty as it can be underdiagnosed as oral verrucous hyperplasia particularly in superficial biopsies.\u0000\u0000Key words : Verrucous hyperplasia, Squamous cell carcinoma, superficially invasive.","PeriodicalId":76040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Dental Association","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80183698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
INTERIM HOME CARE FOR DENTAL PAIN DURING COVID19 PANDEMIC-a mini review 2019冠状病毒病大流行期间牙齿疼痛的临时家庭护理——一个小型综述
Journal of the Indian Dental Association Pub Date : 2019-05-24 DOI: 10.33882/jida.14.25820
Shayan Shabir
{"title":"INTERIM HOME CARE FOR DENTAL PAIN DURING COVID19 PANDEMIC-a mini review","authors":"Shayan Shabir","doi":"10.33882/jida.14.25820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33882/jida.14.25820","url":null,"abstract":"Since the whole world is in the grip of covid-19 pandemic and all the routine dental procedures are suspended, there is a high viral load in the nasal cavity of infected patients, which especially puts dental specialty at risk for a SARS-CoV-2 infection as transmission is mainly by respiratory droplets. So it’s of paramount importance that the dental professionals reach out to people through technology and instruct them regarding various home remedies to relieve their dental problems. It’s true that not all dental problems can be treated at home but the pain due to many of these can be relieved at home temporarily (though permanent treatment is needed later on). This is the need of the hour and the public must know about it. So this article will be highlighting dental care from home with brief information on the causes of dental pain. \u0000\u0000Key Words: covid19, dental pain, cloves, home care","PeriodicalId":76040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Dental Association","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78229406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Comparative evaluation of ginger extract and chlorhexidine on periodontal pathogens: an invitro study. 姜提取物与氯己定对牙周病原菌的体外对照研究。
Journal of the Indian Dental Association Pub Date : 2019-04-24 DOI: 10.33882/JIDA.13.24608
Kesha Vaghani Pg Student, D. Guide, Girish U Sailor Asso Prof
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of ginger extract and chlorhexidine on periodontal pathogens: an invitro study.","authors":"Kesha Vaghani Pg Student, D. Guide, Girish U Sailor Asso Prof","doi":"10.33882/JIDA.13.24608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33882/JIDA.13.24608","url":null,"abstract":"Brief Background: P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. forsythia and A. actinomycetemcomitans are considered to be the most commonly associated pathogens with periodontal disease. Chlorhexidine (CHX) is considered the gold standard for the chemical plaque control along with mechanical therapy. However, CHX has its own disadvantages. There has been a great swing from the drug of antibiotics to the use of remedial plant like ginger. Studies have shown that the existence of oxygenated mono- and sesquiterpenes, phenolic compounds (shogaol, gingerol) is responsible for the antimicrobial activity of ginger, that are lipid-soluble phenol compounds extracted from the ginger root Materials and Methods: The ginger extracts were prepared from fresh ginger. The different concentrations of extract - 1%, 5% and 10% - were used to determine the zone of inhibition by agar disc diffusion method against periodontal pathogens and compared to that of 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash. The minimum inhibitory concentration was also determined by serial dilution method. Results: Results of the study showed that the efficacy of all 3 ginger extracts showed comparatively less significant antimicrobial property against the microorganisms as compared to 0.2%chlorhexidine. The minimum inhibitory concentration was also found to be very high, i.e., 100μg/ml. Summary and Conclusions: There is no significant antimicrobial activity of ginger extract as compared to chlorhexidine Key Words: ginger extracts, chlorhexidine, periodontal pathogens, MIC","PeriodicalId":76040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Dental Association","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74440485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Role of music therapy in reducing anxiety – a narrative review 音乐治疗在减少焦虑中的作用——一个叙述性的回顾
Journal of the Indian Dental Association Pub Date : 2019-04-24 DOI: 10.33882/JIDA.13.24463
Rajkumar R Pg Student, Nithin Jude Reader, Sathyanarayanan . Prof Hod
{"title":"Role of music therapy in reducing anxiety – a narrative review","authors":"Rajkumar R Pg Student, Nithin Jude Reader, Sathyanarayanan . Prof Hod","doi":"10.33882/JIDA.13.24463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33882/JIDA.13.24463","url":null,"abstract":"Breif Background\u0000Patients undergoing clinical procedures are concerned about pain and increased levels of anxiety.\u0000Objective:\u0000The objective of this review was to critically appraise, synthesise and present the best available evidence related to the effectiveness of music interventions on anxiety in clinical procedures.\u0000\u0000Data sources:\u0000A detailed search was undertaken on major electronic databases. The search was restricted to English language.\u0000\u0000Material and methods:\u0000Systematic review, Meta analysis, randomised controlled trials and experimental studies were included in the review. \u0000\u0000Summary and conclusions:\u0000This narrative review concluded that there was enough evidence to suggest that patients benefited from a procedural music-listening programme. \u0000\u0000 Key words:\u0000Anxiety, Hemodynamic change, Music therapy","PeriodicalId":76040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Dental Association","volume":"164 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73131955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Child abuse and dentistry: a study of knowledge, perspective and attitude among the dentists of west Bengal 儿童虐待和牙科:西孟加拉邦牙医的知识、观点和态度的研究
Journal of the Indian Dental Association Pub Date : 2019-04-24 DOI: 10.33882/JIDA.13.24609
Satabdi Saha Pg student, Krunal S Soni Pg Student, N. P. P. Student, S. Saha
{"title":"Child abuse and dentistry: a study of knowledge, perspective and attitude among the dentists of west Bengal","authors":"Satabdi Saha Pg student, Krunal S Soni Pg Student, N. P. P. Student, S. Saha","doi":"10.33882/JIDA.13.24609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33882/JIDA.13.24609","url":null,"abstract":"Aims A cross sectional study was undertaken to assess the level of knowledge, experience and attitude regarding child abuse and neglect among dentists of West Bengal. Material and Methods Data was collected from an anonymous, self-report questionnaire from 160 dentists of West Bengal. Data was interpreted in SPSS software. Descriptive statistics was generated and Chi square test was used to compare between groups. Results Results of this present study suggest a lack of proper awareness and thorough knowledge among the dentists of West Bengal. This is preventing them from recognizing suspected cases of child abuse and neglect. Lack of knowledge about legal procedures against child abuse poses a barrier to report diagnosed cases effectively. Summary and Conclusion Further improvement in child abuse education is needed to enhance the dental professionals’ ability to identify child abuse and neglect cases and rise above this serious child healthcare issue. Key Words-child abuse, awareness of dentists, child maltreatment","PeriodicalId":76040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Dental Association","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89447463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CBCT evaluation of morphological characteristics of Nasopalatine canal and its related structure- A hospital based retrospective study. 鼻腭管形态特征及其相关结构的CBCT评价——以医院为基础的回顾性研究。
Journal of the Indian Dental Association Pub Date : 2019-04-24 DOI: 10.33882/JIDA.13.24458
Sadakashram Jayachandran Prof Hod, Sangeetha Ramamoorthy Pg Student
{"title":"CBCT evaluation of morphological characteristics of Nasopalatine canal and its related structure- A hospital based retrospective study.","authors":"Sadakashram Jayachandran Prof Hod, Sangeetha Ramamoorthy Pg Student","doi":"10.33882/JIDA.13.24458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33882/JIDA.13.24458","url":null,"abstract":"Brief Background : To evaluate morphologic characteristics of Nasopalatine canal (NPC) and its relative position to Maxillary central incisor root using Cone Beam Computed Tomography.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: A retrospective study including 282 CBCT images divided into 5 groups: Group 1) 10 – 20 years, Group 2)21 – 30 years, Group 3)31 – 40years, Group 4)41 – 50 years, Group 5) above 51 years. The length and width of the canal were measured in sagittal section. Mesio-distal width of the canal and the distance between the Nasopalatine canal and maxillary central incisor roots at mid root (MR) and apex levels were measured in axial section. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 21.0.Mean and standard deviation were assessed for all measurements. The significance level for all the tests was set at P < 0.05.\u0000\u0000Results:\u0000The NPC length, incisive foramen width (IF) and the position of NPC to maxillary central incisor roots at midroot and apex levels showed significant difference among age groups. Gender influences NPC length, IF width, and distance of NPC to midroot of right maxillary central incisor with high statistical significance and influences Stenson’s foramen width to a certain extent (but not statistically significant).\u0000Summary and Conclusions: The NPC canal morphology showed significant variations and it is always necessary to evaluate NPC before any surgical interventions especially assessment of implant site to prevent any complications.\u0000\u0000Key Words: Maxillary central incisor, Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Tooth apex","PeriodicalId":76040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Dental Association","volume":"200 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73292125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Evaluation of caries – protective effect of three recent dentin bonding agents, xeno v plus, tetric n bond ,one coat seven universal on demineralized root surface "- An in vitro study 三种新型牙本质结合剂(xeno v +、电氮结合、一涂层七通用)在脱矿牙根表面的龋保护作用评价
Journal of the Indian Dental Association Pub Date : 2019-03-24 DOI: 10.33882/JIDA.13.24450
Tanvi Dugge Pg Student, Balaram Naik Prof Hod
{"title":"Evaluation of caries – protective effect of three recent dentin bonding agents, xeno v plus, tetric n bond ,one coat seven universal on demineralized root surface \"- An in vitro study","authors":"Tanvi Dugge Pg Student, Balaram Naik Prof Hod","doi":"10.33882/JIDA.13.24450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33882/JIDA.13.24450","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: An area on the surface of tooth, apical to CEJ, where root caries are bound to occur undergoes clinically apparent dissolution of the calcified tissues. When dentin bonding agent is applied, it forms finger like resin tags protruding into patent dentin tubules When this resin penetrates the superficially demineralized collagen matrix, it forms a hybrid layerand prevents root surface lesions. Aim: To evaluate the caries protective effect of three recent DBAs on demineralized root surface. Materials and methods: 88 single rooted extracted human teeth were selected, root surfaces apical to CEJ were polished .Acid resistant nail paint wascoated over root surfaces exposing a rectangular window on the buccal surface. Three experimental groups made: Group 1 (XENO V PLUS), Group 2 (TETRIC N BOND), Group 3 (ONE COAT 7 UNIVERSAL). These groups were divided into 2 Subgroups (A and B). Adhesive was applied and light cured with air thinning. Over this second layer of adhesive was applied, light cured with /without air thinning. Each tooth samples were sliced. A light microscope was used to examine the caries like lesions.The statistical analysis was carried out. Results:All control group specimen showed lesions with a mean depth of 177.74μm. Subgroup B results were better than A and C. Summary and Conclusion: Demineralization on root surface can be impeded by DBA tested TetricN Bond which showed maximum cariesprotective effect Key words:Cementum, demineralization, dentine bonding agent","PeriodicalId":76040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Dental Association","volume":"176 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73293677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparison of Sodium Fluorescein Dye and Magnifying Loupes in location of canal orifices in vital primary molars 荧光素钠染料与放大镜在恒磨牙根管孔定位中的比较
Journal of the Indian Dental Association Pub Date : 2019-03-24 DOI: 10.33882/JIDA.13.24446
Zeel Gandhi Pg student, Amar N. Katre
{"title":"Comparison of Sodium Fluorescein Dye and Magnifying Loupes in location of canal orifices in vital primary molars","authors":"Zeel Gandhi Pg student, Amar N. Katre","doi":"10.33882/JIDA.13.24446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33882/JIDA.13.24446","url":null,"abstract":"Aim and objectives:The present study aims to compare Magnifying Loupes and Sodium Fluorescein Dye in locating root canal orifices in vital primary molars. Objective was to assess and compare the ease of location of canal orifices and ease of use of Sodium Fluorescein dye and Magnifying Loupes with unaided eye in vital primary molars. Materials and Methods: 6 calibrated operators were selected for the study and their preferences related to the ease of locating the canal orifices and ease of use in primary molars with an unaided eye, Magnifying Loupes and Sodium Fluorescein Dye were recorded on a Likert rating scale. Results: On the parameter of ease of locating, 40% of times the operators were extremely satisfied with the dye, as against 2% with magnifying lopes and 1% times with unaided eye. On the parameter of ease of use, it was seen that 62% of times operators were satisfied with the Sodium Fluorescein Dye as against 32% for Magnifying Loupes and 38% for unaided eye. Summary and Conclusion: This study concludes Sodium Fluorescein facilitates ease of location and ease of use when compared with the Magnifying Loupes. Key Words:Endodontics, canal orifices, sodium fluorescein, deciduous teeth, Magnification","PeriodicalId":76040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Dental Association","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83537119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clinical and Radiographic Assessment of Periodontal Infrabony Defect Depth and Width and Their Correlation 牙周下颌骨缺损深度、宽度的临床与影像学评价及其相关性
Journal of the Indian Dental Association Pub Date : 2019-03-24 DOI: 10.33882/JIDA.13.24449
Rajashri Kolte Prof Guide, Sumedh Khobragade Sr. Lect, Pranjali Bawankar Sr. Lect
{"title":"Clinical and Radiographic Assessment of Periodontal Infrabony Defect Depth and Width and Their Correlation","authors":"Rajashri Kolte Prof Guide, Sumedh Khobragade Sr. Lect, Pranjali Bawankar Sr. Lect","doi":"10.33882/JIDA.13.24449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33882/JIDA.13.24449","url":null,"abstract":"Brief Background There is preliminary evidence of periodontal defect depth, number of walls and the width of infrabony defects exerting influence on the regenerative potential of particular therapeutic modality. Aim: To assess defect width and defect depth and their influence on pretreatment defect angle in patients affected with periodontal disease. Materials and Methods 60 untreated severe chronic or aggressive periodontitis patients were selected for the study. Digital intraoral periapical radiograph of defects in all patients were taken using RVG. First auxiliary line was drawn to represent tooth axis (AUX1). Perpendicular to this, a second auxiliary line (AUX2) was drawn that ran through most coronal margin of defect (M3). The depth of defect was measured as the distance between the base of bony defect and AUX2. The width of defect was the distance from coronal margin of bony defect to the root surface perpendicular to AUX1. Results In a total of 67 defects, the radiographic defect depth, defect width and defect angle for maxillary arch was 3.19 ± 1.19 mm , 2.82 ± 0.63 mm and 37.34 ± 9.47 ° respectively while these values for mandibular sites were 3.69 ± 0.92 mm, 2.87 ± 0.76 mm and 35.62 ± 7.08 ° respectively. Multilevel regression analysis revealed narrow defect angles to be related to deep infrabony defects, whereas the width of the interdental space to wide defects. Summary and Conclusion Defect dimensions are determined by the radius of action of microbial biofilm and the baseline defect angle of an infrabony defect would be a function of defect depth. Key Words: Periodontitis, periodontal therapy, vertical defects, radiography","PeriodicalId":76040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Dental Association","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81412875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Finger Prosthesis Using Digital Photograph And Soft Liner: A Case Report 用数码照片和软笔修复手指1例
Journal of the Indian Dental Association Pub Date : 2019-02-24 DOI: 10.33882/JIDA.13.24356
Mahantesh Achanur Sr. Lectrr, S. Mahoorkar, Arvind Moldi Hod prof, Basavakumar Majage Prof, S. Puranik
{"title":"Finger Prosthesis Using Digital Photograph And Soft Liner: A Case Report","authors":"Mahantesh Achanur Sr. Lectrr, S. Mahoorkar, Arvind Moldi Hod prof, Basavakumar Majage Prof, S. Puranik","doi":"10.33882/JIDA.13.24356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33882/JIDA.13.24356","url":null,"abstract":"Fingers as organs of manipulation have an important role in function and aesthetics. Injuries to the fingers are common in accidents at home, work, and play or due to congenital and developmental defect. Irrespective of the aetiology, the loss of a finger has a considerable functional and psychological impact on an individual. In order to alleviate these problems, partial or complete finger prosthesis can be fabricated. This clinical report presents a method to fabricate finger prosthesis using digital photograph, poly methylemethacrylate acrylic and soft liner for a patient who has a partial finger loss caused due to trauma.\u0000\u0000Key words: Acrylic,Digital photograph,Finger, Soft liner","PeriodicalId":76040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Dental Association","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88354779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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