Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Membrane fouling mechanism of chlorine-resistant bacteria (CRB) in a seawater desalination reverse osmosis (SWRO) system","authors":"Hongxia Ming, Siyu Liu, Xianlong Lang, Kaijia Ren, Jun Liu, Yongqiang Chen, Zhongzhi Chen, Jie Su, Tingting Shi and Jingfeng Fan","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00018A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00018A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Biofouling affects over 45% of seawater desalination reverse osmosis (SWRO) membrane systems, impeding the advancement of this technology. Notably, there is a positive correlation between membrane fouling potential and resistance to chlorine. Therefore, understanding the fouling mechanism of chlorine-resistant bacteria (CRB) provides a new perspective for controlling bacterial biofouling in SWRO systems. In this study, ten CRB were isolated from biofouled SWRO membranes at a nuclear power plant in China. All these bacteria demonstrated strong capacity for biofilm formation, characterized by the presence of high-molecular-weight exopolysaccharides, with protein content exceeding that of polysaccharides in the biofilm matrix. The primary monosaccharides in these exopolysaccharides were glucose and mannose, which enhanced the integrity of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and contributed to the formation of robust, viscous biofilms. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of α-1,4 glycosidic linkages and amide II bonds, which are associated with biofouling in the EPS. The findings provide insights into the control of membrane biofouling in SWRO systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 11","pages":" 2725-2733"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145341086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of sulfides and sulfur recovery from anaerobically treated secondary wastewater using anion exchange","authors":"Jessica A. MacDonald, Benjamin Najm and William A. Mitch","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00188A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00188A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Mainstream anaerobic biological secondary treatment of wastewater can reduce energy demand and biosolids production, but forms sulfides that interfere with disinfection for non-potable or potable wastewater reuse. In this study, pilot-scale anion exchange columns were evaluated for sulfide removal from a staged anaerobic fluidized membrane bioreactor (SAF-MBR). PWA5, a type 1 strong base anion exchange resin, performed best among four resins for removing sulfides from a synthetic solution with 160 bed volumes (BVs) treated before 20% breakthrough. Increasing the pH of SAF-MBR effluent to 8.6 doubled the number of BVs treated before 20% sulfide breakthrough from 22 BVs to 46 BVs, while removing 30% of DOC, 80% of UV<small>₂₅₄</small>, and 90–95% of anionic surfactants. The NaCl brine used to regenerate the columns was treated with H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> to oxidize sulfides to elemental sulfur for recovery. Reuse of the NaCl brine over 5 anion exchange treatment cycles indicated no decline in sulfide removal performance. Operating cost estimates based on results from experiments with a two columns in series configuration and 5 cycles of brine reuse ($0.42 per m<small>³</small>) were competitive with previous estimates for direct sulfide oxidation by H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> in SAF-MBR effluent, with costs decreasing to $0.33 per m<small>³</small> for 10 cycles of brine reuse.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 11","pages":" 2595-2607"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145341078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive analysis of combined stormwater overflow (CSO) discharges to coastal waters and data communications by a UK water company between 2021 and 2023","authors":"Alex T. Ford, Richard Boakes, James Richardson and Mike Owens","doi":"10.1039/D4EW00693C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EW00693C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Sewage discharges to aquatic environments present a real danger to human and ecosystem health. Event duration monitors (EDMs) from combined stormwater overflows (CSOs) are now fitted to over 90% of storm overflows in England and Wales. These have transformed our understanding of consented and non-consented discharges of sewage and wastewater from UK water companies. In 2018, Southern Water Services Ltd launched “Beachbuoy” which is an online ‘near’ real-time platform to inform customers when EDMs have been activated at particular CSOs and bathing water sites. Since April 2022, this water company categorized CSO discharges as genuine, genuine but non-impacting, and not genuine (false alarms by EDMs). We analyzed Beachbuoy data to provide an overview of CSO discharges and EDM activity and performance in the region. Across all assets, between December 2020 and February 2023 there were 7 164 656 genuine (impacting and non-impacting) minutes of discharges of which 19% overall were regarded as non-impacting of bathing water locations. Non-impacting discharges from all assets often persisted beyond multiple tidal cycles suggesting the impacts on bathing waters may need to be reevaluated. Discharges classed as ‘not genuine’ (false alarms) were highly variable between CSO for which some recorded false discharges 100% of the time. There were very strong correlations between the triggering of genuine and not genuine discharges and time of the day. Overall, 39% of all total minutes discharged and 14% of discharge events were classified as not genuine. Sewage releases from CSOs were more likely to happen between 7–10 am indicating that earlier morning patterns in human behaviours are substantially impacting the infrastructure's ability to tackle increased capacity in the system through precipitation. We discuss the appropriateness of classifying sewage discharges as ‘non-impacted’ and whether data should also be obtained on false negative discharges (EDMs not activating) as well as false positive discharges (not genuine). We call for better transparency of the data and models used by the water industry and regulation of how this information is presented to the public.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 11","pages":" 2516-2528"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 (ATG): an emerging green biosorbent for high-efficiency Hg(ii) capture from contaminated wastewater","authors":"Tengzhou Zhang, Yanming Zhou, Yueming Gong, Azhar Ayyub, Ting Wang, Zhuolin Cai, Wanliang Yang and Xiangru Chen","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00534E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00534E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The growing interest in microbial adsorbents for heavy metal remediation arises from their inherent safety, efficiency, and environmental compatibility. In this study, isolates of <em>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</em> GV3101 (ATG) were selected for their exceptional tolerance to Hg(<small>II</small>). Under optimized <em>in vitro</em> conditions, biosorption assays demonstrated a maximum Hg(<small>II</small>) removal efficiency of 92.70% and an adsorption capacity of up to 322.72 mg g<small>⁻¹</small>. Thermodynamic analyses revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Systematic optimization <em>via</em> the response surface methodology based on the Box–Behnken design (RSM-BBD) clarified the influence of key variables on adsorption performance. Mechanistic studies indicated that Hg(<small>II</small>) adsorption critically relies on abundant surface-exposed active sites enriched with functional groups—particularly nitrogen- and sulfur-containing moieties—that facilitate efficient binding and removal from aqueous solution. This work presents a novel Agrobacterium strain as a highly effective biosorbent for mercury, highlighting the potential of diverse microbial resources for sustainable wastewater treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 11","pages":" 2620-2637"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145341080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of cationic polymer dosage on aerobic granular sludge formation and system performance","authors":"Sajid Hussain, Zulfiqar Ali Solangi and Gianni Andreottola","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00279F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00279F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Aerobic granular sludge technology faces a significant challenge regarding slow startup time when dealing with real wastewater. The present study introduces an innovative approach to decrease the granulation time while maintaining a substantial degree of organic and inorganic pollutant extraction. With this new strategy, aerobic granulation in an SBR is improved and accelerated by adding a cationic polymer. Hydrofloc cationic polymers were used to augment granule formation. Results show that adding a cationic polymer dosage of 15 ppm accelerated the formation of granules, reducing the reactor startup time. In the initial days, COD efficiency fluctuated due to the reactor's instability because of biomass discharge in the effluent. However, the COD removal efficiency reached 97 ± 1.5% after 15 days of operation of the reactor. NH<small>₄</small><small>⁺</small>–N, total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies were 97%, 63%, and 76% on average throughout the 16–50 day stable operating stage. The findings suggest that using a cationic polymer can enhance the granulation process in an aerobic granular system.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 10","pages":" 2458-2467"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards sustainable PMR for organic contaminant removal from municipal wastewater","authors":"Veronica Cozzolino, Gerardo Coppola, Sudip Chakraborty, Giovanni Chiappetta, Alessio Siciliano, Carlo Limonti, Giulia Maria Curcio, Catia Algieri and Vincenza Calabrò","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00485C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00485C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are dangerous for the human body and for the environment, due to their high chemical stability at low concentrations and low biodegradability. Traditional treatment plants are inadequate or inefficient, making their removal from water very difficult. Unlike most existing studies that rely on synthetic wastewater, the novelty of this work lies in studying the photocatalytic degradation of POPs in real urban wastewater using titanium dioxide-based slurry reactors. A distinctive contribution of this work also lies in the comparison of two reactor configurations (internal <em>vs.</em> external UV sources), supported by finite element modelling (FEM) to simulate and optimize light distribution. The results showed that the configuration with an immersed lamp, which ensures better light distribution, leads to enhanced catalytic activity at lower photocatalyst concentration and low light power. This optimal configuration was subsequently applied in a slurry photocatalytic membrane reactor (SPMR), resulting in improved pollutant removal efficiency. In particular, experimental results demonstrated that using an inorganic membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 1 kDa achieved approximately a 15% increase in pollutant removal efficiency. This integrated, experimentally validated approach addresses a critical gap in translating lab-scale photocatalysis research to real wastewater treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 10","pages":" 2398-2411"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ew/d5ew00485c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-driven design of membranes for saline and produced water treatment across scales","authors":"Uzair Ahmad, Ahmed Abdala, Kim Choon Ng and Faheem Hassan Akhtar","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00417A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00417A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Membrane-based desalination technologies are critical for addressing global water scarcity; however, their performance optimization remains a complex challenge. This review explores the potential of machine learning (ML) in advancing membrane desalination, with a focus on process optimization, fouling mitigation, and performance prediction. We provide a comprehensive analysis of ML techniques, including artificial neural networks (ANNs), support vector machines (SVMs), and random forest (RF), applied to membrane systems such as reverse osmosis (RO), forward osmosis (FO), and for the treatment of produced water. The study highlights how data-driven models enhance decision-making by correlating operational parameters (<em>e.g.</em>, pressure, temperature, feed salinity) with membrane efficiency, energy consumption, and fouling behavior. A key emphasis is placed on ANN-based frameworks for real-time monitoring and predictive control, demonstrating their superiority in modeling non-linear interactions compared to traditional mechanistic approaches. We also examine ML applications in optimizing design parameters, maintenance strategies, and renewable-energy-integrated desalination systems. Challenges such as data scarcity and model generalizability are discussed, alongside future directions for integrating ML with emerging membrane materials and hybrid processes. This review highlights ML's role in bridging theoretical and practical gaps in desalination, offering actionable insights for researchers and industry experts to deploy intelligent and sustainable water treatment solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 9","pages":" 2080-2099"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of zero valent Fe/Mn anchored Alstonia scholaris flower biochar for wastewater treatment and bactericidal application","authors":"Priyanka Priyadarsini Samal, Jhilirani Mohanta, Adrija Ghosh, Debashmita Mandal, Saumyashree Nayak, Banashree Dey, Dipankar Chattopadhyay and Soumen Dey","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00355E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00355E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Zerovalent iron and manganese-embedded NaOH-activated <em>Alstonia scholaris</em> flower biochar composites (ZMNASB and ZFNASB) were prepared using sodium borohydride-assisted metal reduction and strategic intercalation into the biochar matrix for Eriochrome Black T (EBT) and Cr(<small>VI</small>) removal from aqueous solutions, along with simultaneous antibacterial use. Both materials were characterized by FTIR, SEM-EDX, BET surface area, TEM-SAED, VSM, and PXRD. The zero-point charges were found to be 7.20 and 6.81, respectively. A pseudo-second-order model best described the uptake dynamics. EBT adsorption followed the Freundlich model (<em>R</em><small>²</small> = 0.999), while Cr(<small>VI</small>) adsorption followed the Langmuir model (<em>R</em><small>²</small> = 0.999). ZMNASB and ZFNASB displayed maximum uptake capacities of 242.082 and 293.225 mg g<small>⁻¹</small>, respectively, for EBT, and 56.376 and 50.566 mg g<small>⁻¹</small>, respectively, for Cr(<small>VI</small>) at 328 K and pH 7. Both scavenging processes are endothermic (12.496 to 25.709 kJ mol<small>⁻¹</small>) and favorable (−0.109 to −7.419 kJ mol<small>⁻¹</small>). Using 50% methanol and diluted NaOH, the adsorbents were successfully regenerated (70–76%), enabling three cycles of reuse. Their practical applicability was demonstrated by their ability to effectively remove contaminants from field wastewater (∼73.2–94% efficiency). The column adsorption capacity of both composites was 20.046–272.477 mg g<small>⁻¹</small> for EBT and Cr(<small>VI</small>). To address disposal concerns, spent materials were pyrolyzed to transform into secondary adsorbents with efficiencies of 50–68%. Furthermore, an approximately 3 cm inhibitory zone was observed against both <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em> bacteria using the composites at a concentration of 100 mg mL<small>⁻¹</small>. With a surface area of 56.008 and 101.571 m<small>²</small> g<small>⁻¹</small>, the materials exhibit dual advantages and outperform several contemporary materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 10","pages":" 2427-2444"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of biopolymer-supported spinel cobalt ferrite with controlled composition as a peroxydisulfate activator for glyphosate-contaminated wastewater treatment","authors":"Minh Thanh Le, Thu Hien Nguyen and Lan Huong Nguyen","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00605H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00605H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study optimized the extraction of biopolymers from waste banana skins (BiP) and developed spinel cobalt ferrite nanoparticles with tunable compositions (CoFe<small>_2+<em>x</em></small>O<small>₄</small>; <em>x</em> = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5), which were subsequently supported on the extracted biopolymer at various loadings (0–25 wt%) to form CoFe<small>_2+<em>x</em></small>O<small>₄</small>@BiP-<em>y</em> catalysts. These catalysts were employed to activate peroxydisulfate (PS) for glyphosate (GPS) mineralization in aqueous media. Structural characterization confirmed the retention of the spinel structure and Co<small>²⁺</small> incorporation into the crystal lattice, despite Fe content variation. As the Co : Fe ratio decreased from 1 : 2.0 to 1 : 2.3, GPS mineralization, evaluated <em>via</em> COD removal, improved significantly from 51.9% to 67.7% in the CoFe<small>_2+<em>x</em></small>O<small>₄</small>/PS system. Among the various compositions, CoFe<small>_2.3</small>O<small>₄</small>@BiP-15 exhibited the highest performance in activating PS, achieving 95.7% GPS removal and a reaction rate of 0.025 min<small>⁻¹</small> under optimal conditions of pH 5.0, 0.4 g L<small>⁻¹</small> CoFe<small>_2.3</small>O<small>₄</small>@BiP-15, and 300 mg L<small>⁻¹</small> PS. The proposed mechanism involves both radical and non-radical pathways, including the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as <small>¹</small>O<small>₂</small>, *SO<small>₄</small><small>⁻</small>, *OH, and *O<small>₂</small><small>⁻</small>, which participate in GPS mineralization. Notably, the promoted GPS removal efficiency was primarily attributed to the iron enrichment in CoFe<small>_2.3</small>O<small>₄</small>, which not only accelerated the regeneration of Co<small>²⁺</small>—the main catalytic active species responsible for PS activation—but also enabled Fe<small>²⁺</small> to directly activate PS <em>via</em> electron transfer, generating more ROS. Additionally, the high dispersion of CoFe<small>_2.3</small>O<small>₄</small> on the BiP, with enriched oxygen-containing functional groups (OCFGs), acted as active sites, donating electrons for PS to form ROS. Reusability tests showed stable GPS removal over four consecutive cycles. The findings provide principle for the rational design of biopolymer-supported bimetallic catalysts with controlled compositions, enabling more effective advanced oxidation processes for mineralizing persistent organic pollutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 10","pages":" 2378-2397"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient preparation of adsorption beds from polycarbonate and cotton fabric wastes: removal of nitroaromatic pollutants from water","authors":"Tomaszewski Waldemar, Krasiński Andrzej, Zybert Magdalena, Wieciński Piotr and Gołofit Tomasz","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00669D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00669D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The pollution of the environment with explosives and their decomposition products, particularly resulting from armed conflicts and intensive mining activities, poses a serious problem nowadays. In this work, the properties of a novel and environmentally neutral adsorbent were investigated, which was used further to remove nitroaromatic explosives from wastewater. The adsorbent was prepared in a straightforward way from waste raw materials by applying a composite of polycarbonate and fumed silica to cotton fabric. On both laboratory and bench scale (flow system with recirculation), a new bed demonstrated high efficiency for removal of nitroaromatics from water, exceeding 90% for trinitrotoluene (TNT). It was also confirmed that the bed is suitable for removing explosive substances from real river water. The sorption properties of the material were related to its characteristics obtained using spectroscopic, microscopic, and thermal analysis, nitrogen adsorption, and adsorption kinetics and isotherms.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 10","pages":" 2412-2426"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ew/d5ew00669d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}