Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology最新文献

{"title":"The rapid start-up of AGS by inoculating seed granular sludge in treatment of industrial park wastewater: performance evaluation and structural characterization†","authors":"Huiping Li, Yaxian Li, Ting Zhou, Baiqin Zhou, Jianhua Yuan, Ranran Huo, Xiaoyan Xu, Huiqun Zhang, Li Xie, Dianhai Yang and Weihai Pang","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00384A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00384A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Seed granular sludge (SGS) inoculation serves as an effective strategy for accelerating the start-up efficiency of aerobic granular sludge (AGS); however, its performance in treating practical wastewater deserves further investigation. Herein, this study established a cost-effective technological pathway for preparing SGS from dewatered sludge and applied it in treatment of wastewater from industrial parks. The preparation cost of SGS was preliminarily estimated to be 194.66 CNY per ton and the validation results demonstrated that SGS inoculation successfully skipped over the granulation stage and was maintained for 80 days operation. The sludge volume index (SVI<small>₃₀</small>) of matured AGS reached 28.36 ± 6.6 mL g<small>⁻¹</small>, with average removal efficiencies of 94.86 ± 2.53% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 97.58 ± 3.99% for NH<small>₄</small><small>⁺</small>-N, 51.16 ± 10.88% for total nitrogen (TN), and 71.24 ± 16.85% for total phosphorus (TP). In terms of the particle structure, the Fe proportion in inoculated AGS is 12.0-fold higher compared to naturally formed AGS, confirming that Fe and its complexes construct the granular skeletal framework. Furthermore, metagenomic analysis revealed significant enrichment of nitrogen-metabolizing microbial consortia (<em>Myxococcota</em>, <em>Actinobacteriota</em>, and <em>Nitrospirota</em>) in inoculation systems, along with marked upregulation of denitrification functional genes including <em>nirK</em>, <em>nar</em>, <em>nap</em>, and <em>norBC</em>. The results of this study can provide a reference for SGS production and application in treatment of practical wastewater with complex components.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 10","pages":" 2308-2325"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isothermal amplification as a water safety tool: rapid detection of viruses in surface water and wastewater†","authors":"Emalie K. Hayes, Madison T. Gouthro and Graham A. Gagnon","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00092K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00092K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study introduces a simple and rapid multi-wavelength, semi-quantitative detection strategy for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 and MS2 bacteriophage in water and wastewater using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). By integrating microplate-based spectrophotometry, we enabled higher throughput monitoring through simple optical measurements, thereby reducing the complexity of sample processing. Our findings demonstrate that RT-LAMP can be performed at lower temperatures, such as 45 °C, with incubation times of ≤60 minutes, while maintaining assay accuracy. The RT-LAMP yielded a conservative positivity threshold of ≥0.25 ΔOD<small>_434–560nm</small> for both SARS-CoV-2 and MS2, with limits of detection (LOD) of ∼180 copies per μL and 1000 PFU mL<small>⁻¹</small> for SARS-CoV-2 and MS2, respectively. Statistically significant agreement with RT-qPCR was observed above 100 copies per μL (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), with strong inverse correlations between Cq values and ΔOD<small>_434–560nm</small> readings for both targets (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Variability was primarily confined to low-template samples (&lt;100 copies per μL), where stochastic primer dynamics and matrix inhibitors likely broadened coefficient of variation percentages; however, precision tightened to &lt;10% once targets exceeded 500 copies per μL. To assess real-world applicability, RT-LAMP was applied to raw wastewater and eluates from granular activated carbon (GAC)-based passive samplers in surface waters. In wastewater, RT-LAMP detected endogenous SARS-CoV-2 and MS2 with 100% and 85% positive predictive values, respectively, aligning with RT-qPCR benchmarks. In surface waters, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 10% of RT-LAMP replicates, while MS2 remained undetected. These results support the use of isothermal amplification with spectrophotometry and scalable sampling for rapid, field-deployable viral detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 9","pages":" 2141-2151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ew/d5ew00092k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing waste-to-energy conversion: the impact of catalytic pretreatment on thermophilic anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge","authors":"Mansuur Husein, Liang Cheng, Francis Kwaku Attiogbe, Abdallah Abdelfattah, Husseini Sulemana, Philip Allan Barnes and Hany S. El-Mesery","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00375J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00375J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Untreated sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants poses a significant ecological and public health risk. Anaerobic digestion of activated sewage sludge offers a sustainable method for energy recovery, though the low biodegradability of sludge limits methane production. This study investigates the impact of catalytic pretreatment using copper sulfate (CuSO<small>₄</small>), biochar, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on methane yield in thermophilic anaerobic digestion (55–60 °C). Batch experiments demonstrated that biochar (4 mm (2% w/v)) pretreatment achieved the highest total biogas volume (6502.2 mL) and biochemical methane potential (BMP: 866.88 mL CH<small>₄</small> per g VS), with a methane content of 47.96%, by facilitating microbial syntrophy and direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET). NaOH (0.02 M, 24 h) enhanced hydrolysis, leading to elevated volatile fatty acids (VFA: up to 2000 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>) and a VFA/TIC ratio of 0.89, necessitating pH stabilization. CuSO<small>₄</small> (1% w/v, 48 h) treatments improved methane content (47.44%) but increased hydrogen sulfide levels (up to 0.84%), requiring desulfurization. Statistical analyses (ANOVA, PCA) confirmed that catalytic pretreatments significantly enhanced biogas yield (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). These findings support the use of catalytic pretreatment as a scalable strategy for optimizing waste-to-energy conversion, aligning with SDG 6 (clean water and sanitation), SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy), and SDG 13 (climate action). The findings highlight how anaerobic digestion can be optimized through catalytic pretreatment, providing insights into scalable and affordable methods for waste-to-energy applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 9","pages":" 2125-2140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation dynamics of inorganic iodine species during UV-based advanced oxidation of iopamidol and iohexol and their correlation with iodinated disinfection by-product yields†","authors":"Hojoong Ji, Jaehyeong Park, Seonyoung An, Seo-Yeong Choi and Jong Kwon Choe","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00393H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00393H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Iodinated contrast media (ICM) are iodine-containing micropollutants detected in both natural and engineered water systems. These compounds serve not only as contaminants but also as precursors to iodinated disinfection by-products (I-DBPs) during water and wastewater treatment. This study comparatively investigates the treatment of iopamidol and iohexol, the most widely used ICM in clinical practice, <em>via</em> advanced oxidation processes utilizing 254 nm UV (UV-AOPs) and different oxidants, peroxymonosulfate (PMS), peroxydisulfate (PDS), hypochlorite (NaOCl), and hydrogen peroxide (H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small>). This study is the first to directly compare the formation dynamics and kinetic profiles of inorganic iodine species – iodide (I<small>⁻</small>), reactive iodine species (RIS), and iodate (IO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small>) – across different UV AOPs and identify their correlation with the yields of I-DBPs such as iodinated trihalomethanes (I-THMs) and haloacetic acids (I-HAAs). Our results showed that UV AOPs with NaOCl achieved the highest degradation rate (based on measured pseudo-1st order rate constants) for iopamidol, degrading it 14 times faster than the UV-only process, while AOPs with PMS or PDS achieved the highest degradation rate for iohexol with a three times faster rate than UV alone. During the treatment, UV AOPs with NaOCl and PMS efficiently transformed I<small>⁻</small> released from ICM to IO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small> without forming RIS, whereas UV AOPs with PDS or H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> did not fully oxidize I<small>⁻</small> to IO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small>, leading to RIS formation. Formation of I-THMs and I-HAAs after chlorination showed a positive correlation with the concentrations of I<small>⁻</small> and RIS across ICM treated <em>via</em> different UV AOPs (<em>e.g.</em>, UV AOPs with PMS and NaOCl resulted in minimal I-DBP formation). These findings will provide a foundation for developing and optimizing UV AOP strategies to achieve effective ICM degradation while minimizing I-DBP yields.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 9","pages":" 2152-2160"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outstanding Reviewers for Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology in 2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1039/D5EW90021B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW90021B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We would like to take this opportunity to thank all <em>Environmental Science: Water Research &amp; Technology</em> reviewers for helping to preserve quality and integrity in chemical science literature. We would also like to highlight the Outstanding Reviewers for <em>Environmental Science: Water Research &amp; Technology</em> in 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 8","pages":" 1821-1821"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating substrate impact on electroactive biofilm performance in low-cost, single-chamber microbial electrolysis cells for biosensing†","authors":"Connor E. Sauceda and Adam L. Smith","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00233H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00233H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Increasingly rigorous environmental regulations along with advances in water technology and policy are driving a growing need for real-time, online water quality monitoring. Recent advances in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) open their possible use as biosensors, given their operational ease, adaptability, and cost-effectiveness. There remain, however, significant research gaps in both simplifying and reducing the costs of these systems while also testing their application with representative water matrices and substrates that would advance their use towards practical applications. This study compared the performance of single-chamber microbial electrolysis cells (SCMECs) when subjected to different substrate compositions and strengths, and their consequent capacity to quantify acetate and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Bench-scale batch and continuously fed experiments were conducted over a period of 113 d, where MECs were fed a synthetic domestic wastewater with either acetate or a complex mixture of biopolymers as their electron source. MEC current production had a strong linear relationship with acetate concentration, and MECs initially fed acetate exhibited a greater linear range of acetate detection up to 100 mg L<small>⁻¹</small> compared to 40 mg L<small>⁻¹</small> for MECs initially fed complex substrates. Microbial community analysis revealed higher relative activity of the model exoelectrogen, <em>Geobacter</em> spp., in MEC biofilms fed acetate (up to 91%) compared to those fed complex substrates (23–39%). MECs fed complex substrates also featured a more diverse community (inverse Simpson diversity = 6.36–9.87) compared to MECs fed acetate (1.22–2.03). This study suggests that the linear range of detection for MEC biosensors is improved with higher <em>Geobacter</em> spp. activity and when acclimated with the substrate of their intended application.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 9","pages":" 2227-2239"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An innovative approach towards the selective recovery of Pb(ii) and Cd(ii): thiol-functionalized TiO2-based magnetic core–shell nanoparticle-loaded hydrogel†","authors":"Purbali Das, Hirakendu Basu, Brindaban Modak, Ranita Basu, Sudeshna Saha, Shweta Singh and Chandra Nath Patra","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00380F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00380F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Selective elimination of contaminants from the aquatic medium is essential to harmonize the rapid growth of developmental accomplishments with the necessity for fresh water to ensure sustainability. Lead and cadmium are pollutants that originate primarily from industrial activities, and numerous materials have previously been reported for their selective removal. However, a challenge remains in creating effective field deployable materials. Herein, we report the synthesis and capabilities of a tactically designed, thiol-functionalized TiO<small>₂</small>-based magnetic core–shell nanoparticle-loaded hydrogel as a benchmark sorbent for lead and cadmium. The developed synthesis approach involved the creation of a magnetic Fe<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small> core and the fabrication of a TiO<small>₂</small> shell over it, involving hydrolysis and condensation reactions, followed by thiol functionalisation of the TiO<small>₂</small> shell. The obtained core–shell Fe<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small>@TiO<small>₂</small>-SH magnetic nanoparticles were impregnated (27%) and cross-linked into an alginate polymer to form hydrogel (Fe<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small>@TiO<small>₂</small>-SH-Ca-Alg) beads. After characterisation, the beads were applied to efficiently eliminate lead and cadmium from diverse aquatic media without impacting water quality limits. Investigation of the driving forces behind the remarkable lead and cadmium affinity was carried out with the support of experimental outcomes and theoretical calculations. Detailed density functional theory calculations were performed to determine the preferred binding site of Cd<small>²⁺</small>/Pb<small>²⁺</small>, structural changes due to their adsorption, and selectivity of the metal ion. Optimisation of key parameters and assessment of isotherm, kinetic, and diffusion models were carried out. Sorption capacities of Pb(<small>II</small>) and Cd(<small>II</small>) were recorded as 37.1 and 31.6 mg g<small>⁻¹</small>, respectively. Largely, outstanding stability, no impact on water quality, and efficacy for the removal of Pb(<small>II</small>) and Cd(<small>II</small>) from natural water selectively mark beads as an impeccable paradigm for sustainable water treatment applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 9","pages":" 2174-2191"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online-monitoring Cyclotella sp. concentrations in lake water using an automated fluorescence microscopy method†","authors":"Sandrine Boivin and Takahiro Fujioka","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00412H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00412H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Algal proliferation in source water presents significant challenges to drinking water utilities owing to the release of taste and odor compounds and algal organic matter associated with the formation of disinfection byproducts. <em>Cyclotella</em> sp., a diatom, can cause undesirable fishy or grassy odors, and its algal organic matter can be a precursor of toxic disinfection byproducts in drinking water. This study aimed to establish an automated method for determining the <em>Cyclotella</em> sp. concentration in surface water. First, an auto-counting method was developed to quantify specific algal concentrations among many other algae based on autofluorescence intensity and morphological characteristics such as dimensions and circularity. The auto-counting of <em>Cyclotella</em> sp. was accurate, with an overall accuracy of 98% and an F1 score of 96%, and the automated and manual counts of <em>Cyclotella</em> sp. were highly correlated (<em>r</em><small>_s</small> = 0.989). Second, an automated online monitoring system, which can be installed along with a water-containing pipeline and provide concentration measurements within 20 min, was developed by integrating the time-lapse capture module of a fluorescence microscope with a flow cell and pump. Changes in <em>Cyclotella</em> sp. concentrations between 170 and 1661 cells per mL were successfully monitored for 42 h without personnel intervention. The automated method developed in this study can detect rapid changes in algal communities and allow water utilities to take immediate countermeasures against them.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 8","pages":" 1868-1875"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal organic framework-based materials for water remediation: recent progress, challenges, and future perspectives","authors":"Abdulaziz Al-Anazi, Muhammad Tuoqeer Anwar, Naveed Husnain, Muhammad Rehman Asghar, Saad Ahmed, Awais Ihsan, Muhammad Salman Mustafa, Ghulam Abbas Ashraf and Tahir Rasheed","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00336A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00336A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Water is integral to humans and other living beings on the planet. Over the last few decades, water pollution has been on the rise. Contaminants pose a risk not only to human health but also to aquatic life. Therefore, water purification has been the focus of researchers, driving the quest for more sustainable and efficient treatment technologies. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as highly effective adsorbents owing to their versatile properties such as tailorable porosity, high surface area, and diverse functionalities. These robust materials offer significant advantages over conventional ones considering their remarkable efficiency and selectivity in removing organic and inorganic contaminants. Furthermore, MOF-based composites and nanoconfined architectures have extended application horizons. Despite the usefulness of MOFs in water treatment, challenges such as cost-effectiveness, scalability, long-term stability, and reusability remain key concerns. This review focuses on the recent developments in MOF-based materials for water purification, emphasizing structural modifications, underlying mechanisms, and emerging trends. Additionally, it highlights critical challenges and future perspectives, discussing the requirement for sustainable regeneration strategies and improved synthesis approaches. Ongoing efforts to counter the vulnerability of MOFs will lead to revolutionizing water remediation by employing selective, efficient, and regenerable adsorbents, thereby contributing to the global efforts of protecting the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 9","pages":" 2064-2079"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Well exposed: exploring the chemical and microbial composition in well and municipal drinking waters in Iowa†","authors":"Jemima E. Ohwobete, Drew E. Latta, Adam R. Hoffman, Darrin A. Thompson, Daniel W. Gilles, David M. Cwiertny and Sarah Haig","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00216H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00216H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) regulates water quality in public drinking water systems, leaving most individuals who obtain their drinking water from private wells unprotected by this legislation. Given that 15% of the U.S. population relies on unregulated, privately owned wells for their drinking water (well drinking water; WDW), there is an urgent need to assess whether WDW contains elevated levels of water quality constituents that could detrimentally affect human health. Additionally, the SDWA does not regulate many emerging microbial contaminants, including drinking water-associated pathogens that can infect immunocompromised individuals (DWPIs), which are part of the broader group of microbial contaminants estimated by the CDC to cause 7.15 million waterborne illnesses annually in the U.S. This study compared concentrations of 33 chemical parameters and the absolute abundance of two DWPIs in 20 well and 20 municipal drinking water (MDW) samples in northeast Iowa. Differences in microbial community structure were also assessed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Samples were collected from 11 municipal systems, and WDW samples were selected based on proximity to municipal service areas. WDW samples, on average, contained higher concentrations of most chemical contaminants and DWPIs, and exhibited twice the species richness of MDW samples. Among regulated chemicals, only nitrate exceeded the SDWA limit, and only in one WDW sample. At the microbiome level, WDW and MDW samples had distinct community compositions, with the specific aquifer supplying the water explaining the greatest variance in structure. These findings provide new insights into potential exposures among private well users.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 8","pages":" 2017-2034"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ew/d5ew00216h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}