Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Improving the wastewater treatment performance of loose nano-filtration membranes using natural clay functionalized with AlFe2O4 nanocleaners","authors":"Ashok Shrishail Maraddi, Santrupthi Padival, Glenita Bridget D'Souza, Smitha Kamath, Anshu Kumar and S. K. Nataraj","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00502G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00502G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Membranes with the right composition can potentially afford exceptionally high water flux with high contaminant rejection and recovery ratios, prolonged life with anti-fouling capabilities, and low operating costs. In this regard, an innovative AlFe<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>-functionalized bentonite (AlFe<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>@BT) material was prepared as a performance-boosting agent for polyethersulfone (PES)-based mixed-matrix loose nanofiltration membranes (LNMs). Herein, the fabrication of PES-based mixed matrices was achieved by blending AlFe<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>@BT at different wt% values through phase inversion technology. The effects of AlFe<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>@BT on the structure and functionality of the as-prepared AlFe<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>@BT-PES LNMs were thoroughly examined by scanning electron microscopy, contact angle measurements, antifouling measurements and other techniques. The separation efficiency of the AlFe<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>@BT-PES-based LNMs was recorded as 80%, 85% and 95% for crystal violet (CV), Congo Red (CR), and humic acid, respectively, with exceptionally high product flux efficiencies and anti-fouling properties comparable to those of commercial polyamide membranes. The new LNMs operate at relatively low operating pressures (1–4 bar), thus offering sustainable separation processes with lower flux decline ratios and high recovery ratios, demonstrating their superior membrane material combination.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 10","pages":" 2445-2457"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorbent modified constructed wetlands for advanced removal of bulk organics and heavy metals from municipal wastewater effluent†","authors":"Luca M. Ofiera, Thomas Wintgens and Christian Kazner","doi":"10.1039/D4EW00870G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EW00870G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Constructed wetlands (CWs) represent a nature-based solution (NBS) for the treatment of wastewater, employing natural processes to mitigate aquatic pollution. Nevertheless, the high specific surface area demand of CWs remains a limiting factor, particularly in urban areas. As the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants is predominantly influenced by the removal mechanisms associated with the selected substrate/adsorbents, this study aims to optimise these processes by hybridising different adsorbents such as biochar, granular activated carbon (GAC) and natural zeolite. Over a period of 18 months, five different approaches were tested, with modifications made to the various layers of the respective CW. Furthermore, the heavy metal (HM) speciation, the behaviour of pollutants and the changing environmental conditions within the wetlands were observed at different filter depths to determine the removal potential of the different adsorbents. The results indicated that the modified CW with biochar, zeolite, and GAC enabled high removal rates of bulk organics (91%) and HMs (Cd: 32%, Cr: 86%, Cu: 92%, Fe: 83%, Ni: 91%, Pb: 43%, and Zn: 96%) with significantly lower hydraulic retention time (HRT) compared to previous studies. This addresses the specific surface area as the main issue of these systems. It was also demonstrated that effective pre-treatment is crucial for maximizing the removal ability of CW systems. Thus, the use of these systems as a polishing technology for the downstream treatment of municipal wastewater is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 9","pages":" 2248-2264"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ew/d4ew00870g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of long- and short-chain PFAS from groundwater by foam fractionation","authors":"Craig Klevan, Oren Van Allen, Kelly Mukai, Andre Gomes, Shana Xia, Seth Caines, Matthew J. Woodcock and Kurt D. Pennell","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00440C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00440C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Due to the tendency for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to accumulate at the air–water interface, foam fractionation has gained attention as a cost-effective approach to treat PFAS-impacted water. Although foam fractionation is effective for long-chain length PFAS, short-chain PFAS are less surface active and can remain in solution even after extended treatment times. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of six cationic surfactants to remove both long- and short-chain length PFAS from groundwater by foam fractionation. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) accumulated the most at the air–water interface and was subsequently evaluated in a foam fractionation system over a 4 order of magnitude range of PFAS concentrations, as well as 4 different CTAB mass delivery rates. For two natural groundwaters impacted by aqueous film forming foam (AFFF), total PFAS concentrations were reduced from ∼15 000 ng L<small>⁻¹</small> to less than the detection limit of 8 ng L<small>⁻¹</small> in as short as 15 minutes. These findings demonstrate that the addition of CTAB, which exhibits a strong affinity for the air–water interface, to foam fractionation systems achieves rapid removal of both long- and short-chain PFAS from synthetic and natural groundwaters.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 10","pages":" 2295-2307"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ew/d5ew00440c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable innovation in nanotechnology-based water treatment: aligning climate change adaptation with industrial ecology and CSR goals","authors":"Sanduni Dabare, Sisitha Rajapaksha and Imalka Munaweera","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00557D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00557D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Climate change has intensified the global water crisis by making the hydrological cycle more erratic, resulting in severe droughts and floods. Against this backdrop, nanotechnology-enabled water treatment (NWT) has emerged as a transformative solution for bolstering water security. By employing nanoscale materials, such as advanced membranes, adsorbents, and photocatalysts, NWT achieves higher removal efficiencies, selectivities, and operational flexibility than many conventional methods. These technologies can target a broad array of pollutants, including heavy metals, organic contaminants, and pathogens, and enable innovations such as solar-driven photocatalysis and decentralized treatment. This review is novel in linking the NWT to climate adaptation, industrial ecology, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) frameworks. We examine how NWT can support closed-loop water reuse and circular resource flows in industrial systems, contributing to sustainable water management, while also aligning with CSR initiatives and Sustainable Development Goal 6 (clean water and sanitation). Global case studies, from nanofiltration-based industrial wastewater reuse in China to solar-nanotech disinfection in rural communities, illustrate NWT's role in creating resilient, circular water systems. Finally, we identify key knowledge gaps, such as life-cycle impact, techno-economic trade-offs, and regulatory needs, and outline future research directions. This interdisciplinary synthesis clarifies NWT's advantages over conventional treatment and maps a path for integrating nanoscale innovation with sustainability and CSR goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 9","pages":" 2100-2124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Perspectives: sanitation developments since ‘Pitfalls and progress’","authors":"Michael R. Templeton","doi":"10.1039/D5EW90025E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW90025E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A graphical abstract is available for this content</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 9","pages":" 2062-2063"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Al and Mn doping on the catalytic activity of magnetite spinel for sulfamethoxazole degradation: kinetics and toxicity assessment†","authors":"B. Gokulakrishnan and G. Satishkumar","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00452G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00452G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study examined the impact of redox-active manganese (Mn) and redox-inactive aluminium (Al) substituted magnetite, both encapsulated in a carbon matrix, on the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of (10 ppm) antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The Lewis acid character of Al in Fe(FeAl)<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>@C and the high electronegativity of Mn in Fe(FeMn)<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>@C effectively polarized the neighbouring Fe<small>^{3+(<em>δ</em>+)}</small>. This interaction was evidenced by a shift in the Fe<small>³⁺</small> peak to a higher binding energy of about 1.1 eV in the XPS analysis of both catalysts. However, under the optimized conditions, Fe(FeAl)<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>@C decomposed H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> with a three times higher <em>k</em><small>_obs</small> value (0.11 min<small>⁻¹</small>) compared to Fe(FeMn)<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>@C (0.037 min<small>⁻¹</small>), though both redox-active Fe and Mn are capable of generating HO· from H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> in the Fe(FeMn)<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>@C catalyst. This difference in the kinetics can be attributed to the partial neutralization of the polarization effect of Mn on Fe<small>³⁺</small> due to competition between H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> and neighbouring Fe<small>^{3+(<em>δ</em>+)}</small> for the oxidation of Mn<small>²⁺</small> in the spinel structure. Consequently, the Fe(FeAl)<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>@C catalyst exhibited superior catalytic performance for the degradation of SMX with 60% TOC removal, compared to 50% and 18% attained from Fe(FeMn)<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>@C and Fe<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small>@C, respectively. Furthermore, at higher pH levels, Fe(FeAl)<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>@C selectively decomposed H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> while the Fe(FeMn)<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>@C catalyst produced O<small>₂</small> and H<small>₂</small>O by non-selective decomposition of H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small>. The effects of various inorganic anions, organic acids, and water matrices on SMX degradation were investigated over all the catalysts. The Fe(FeAl)<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>@C catalyst effectively detoxifies the effluent within 30 minutes. Conversely, effluent from Fe(FeMn)<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>@C remains more toxic, showing a 60% mortality rate in acute toxicity assessment after the same reaction time.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 10","pages":" 2363-2377"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of reactor hydrodynamics and treatment effectiveness of secondary treated refinery wastewater in an airlift photobioreactor†","authors":"Prashant Sinha and Suparna Mukherji","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00144G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00144G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Oil refineries are among the topmost polluting industries due to the large amount of wastewater generated during crude oil refining. The wastewater contains toxic substances that can bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms. Microalgae are versatile and have the capability to metabolize the organic matter and nutrients present in refinery wastewater. A diesel-acclimatized algal culture, comprising of green algae and cyanobacteria, was used for start-up of an airlift batch photobioreactor using a 16 : 8 h light : dark cycle. The optimal gas flow rate was determined through hydrodynamic assessments. When treating secondary treated refinery wastewater, the microalgae achieved significant growth, reaching a maximum chlorophyll <em>a</em> concentration of 5.35 mg L<small>⁻¹</small> after 18 days. The initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 412.8 mg L<small>⁻¹</small> and ammoniacal nitrogen of 70.9 mg L<small>⁻¹</small> were reduced with removal efficiencies exceeding 79% and 78.5%, respectively, while nitrate and nitrite levels remained below 1 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>. Two-dimensional gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF MS) analysis revealed that at the end of the cycle, removal efficiencies of various hazardous organic compounds followed the order biphenyls &gt; naphthalenes &gt; phenols &gt; <em>n</em>-alkanes &gt; iso-alkanes &gt; S-heterocyclics &gt; N-heterocyclics &gt; benzenes. This is the first study reporting the use of an airlift photobioreactor for treatment of refinery wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 9","pages":" 2211-2226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel eco-friendly antiscalant for major inorganic scaling control: laboratory tests and scale-up in a pilot RO unit†","authors":"Saad S. M. Hassan, Mohamed Sobhi and Belal N. Mahran","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00448A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00448A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Eco-friendly antiscalants have garnered considerable interest, particularly regarding their structural development and performance assessment. In this study, polyaspartic acid (PASP) and a novel derivative, polyaspartic acid–2 amino ethane sulfonic acid (PASP–SEA), were synthesized. For comparative analysis, two additional green antiscalants were utilized: sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and a citric acid–sodium citrate (CA–SC) mixture. The inhibition efficiency (IE, %) of PASP, PASP–SEA, CMC, and CA–SC was evaluated through <em>static tests</em>. A saline solution was derived from a brine RO unit. The optimal doses determined at pH 8.2 and an LSI of 2.9 were 1, 0.25, 0.5, and 5 ppm for PASP, PASP–SEA, CMC, and CA–SC, respectively. At an antiscalant concentration of 1 ppm and pH 7.07, the IE was in the order PASP–SEA &gt; PASP &gt; CMC &gt; CA–SC, with values of 94%, 100%, 38%, and 29%, respectively. All the antiscalants exhibited improved performance with increasing ionic strength (I). <em>Dynamic tests</em> were performed on the antiscalants using a pilot RO unit, revealing a significantly lower scaling rate for PASP–SEA. UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and GP/SEC analyses confirmed PASP–SEA synthesis. While PASP–SEA was slightly less biodegradable than PASP, it exhibited superior thermal stability, and XRD and SEM analyses revealed its optimal performance with the highest crystalline deformation. Furthermore, an economic assessment of each antiscalant was conducted.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 10","pages":" 2326-2342"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological evolution of constructed wetlands: a big data patent analysis","authors":"Qian Cheng, Bo Wang, Tianlong Hua, Haotian Xue, Jingyi Zhao and Penghui Li","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00372E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00372E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been demonstrated as an efficient nature-based technology for treating various types of wastewaters. Although extensive reviews in the CW field focus predominantly on academic literature, systematic analyses grounded in patent documentation are notably limited. In fact, patent literature analysis proves indispensable for elucidating the developmental trajectories, research priorities, and innovation pathways of CW technologies. This study retrieved a dataset of 8579 patents spanning three decades from the Derwent Innovation Index database, employing tailored search strings and IPC classifications. An integrated methodology combining bibliometric analysis and text mining was adopted to examine both structured and unstructured patent datasets. Through the application of latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), an unsupervised machine learning method, six key technical domains were identified and analyzed: substrate optimization, ecological effects, nitrogen and phosphorus removal mechanisms, configuration improvements, process coupling, and industry expansion. Technological advancements have followed a trajectory from standalone treatment technologies to high-efficiency optimization processes and, eventually, to integrated coupled treatment systems. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified three promising directions for future technological innovation: reducing greenhouse gas emissions while enhancing carbon sequestration, synergistic control and resource recovery of emerging contaminants, and the development and regulation of intelligent wetland systems. This systematic patent-based analysis offers valuable decision-making support and strategic guidance for driving innovation and advancing technological development in the field of CWs.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 10","pages":" 2343-2362"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoconfined MoS2 quantum dots in mesoporous TiO2: a high-performance platform for electrochemical microplastic sensing","authors":"Rima Heider Al Omari, Shelesh Krishna Saraswat, Abhinav Kumar, Subbulakshmi Ganesan, Shaker Mohammed, Aashna Sinha, Hadi Noorizadeh and Mosstafa Kazemi","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00454C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00454C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The increasing prevalence of microplastic pollution in aquatic environments necessitates the development of sensitive, selective, and rapid detection platforms. Herein, we report the fabrication of a high-performance electrochemical sensor based on nanoconfined MoS<small>₂</small> quantum dots (QDs) integrated into a mesoporous TiO<small>₂</small> matrix. The hybrid nanocomposite was synthesized <em>via</em> a template-assisted sol–gel strategy, ensuring uniform dispersion and confinement of MoS<small>₂</small> QDs (3–6 nm) within TiO<small>₂</small> mesopores (∼3.5 nm). Structural and morphological analyses confirmed the formation of a highly porous, crystalline framework with preserved mesostructure and enhanced surface area. Electrochemical characterization demonstrated significantly improved redox activity and charge transfer kinetics due to synergistic interactions between the quantum-confined MoS<small>₂</small> domains and the conductive TiO<small>₂</small> scaffold. The modified glassy carbon electrodes exhibited excellent sensitivity toward polystyrene (PS) and polypropylene (PP) microplastics across a wide dynamic range (10<small>⁴</small>–10<small>¹⁰</small> particles per mL), with a limit of detection of 5.0 × 10<small>³</small> particles per mL. The sensor showed strong selectivity against various ionic and organic interferents, and maintained high analytical performance in complex matrices including seawater, tap water, and simulated environmental samples. Reproducibility and long-term stability were also validated under varying storage conditions. These results highlight the promise of the MoS<small>₂</small> QD/TiO<small>₂</small> nanoplatform as a scalable and robust electrochemical system for real-time monitoring of microplastic contaminants in environmental waters.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 9","pages":" 2192-2210"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}