American journal of physical anthropology最新文献_第3页

Gender and population history: sex bias revealed by studying genetic admixture of Ngazidja population (Comoro Archipelago). 性别与种群历史:科摩罗群岛Ngazidja种群遗传混合研究揭示的性别偏见。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2011-04-01 Epub Date: 2011-02-10 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21474

Géraud Gourjon, Gilles Boëtsch, Anna Degioanni

{"title":"Gender and population history: sex bias revealed by studying genetic admixture of Ngazidja population (Comoro Archipelago).","authors":"Géraud Gourjon, Gilles Boëtsch, Anna Degioanni","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.21474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21474","url":null,"abstract":"The peopling of Comoro Archipelago is defined by successive waves of migration from three main areas: the East African Coast (Bantu-speaking populations), the Persia and Arabian Peninsula, and Southeast Asia (especially Indonesia). It follows an apparent classic trihybrid admixture model. To better understand the Comorian population admixture dynamics, we analyzed the contributions of these three historical parental components to its genetic pool. To enhance accuracy and reliability, we used both classical and molecular markers. Samples consist of published data: blood group frequencies, 14 KIR genes, 19 mitochondrial DNA SNPs (to highlight female migrations), 14 Y chromosome SNPs (male migrations). We revealed distinct admixture patterns for autosomal and uniparental markers. KIR gene frequencies had never been used to estimate admixture rates, this being a first assessment of their informative power in admixture studies. To avoid major methodological and statistical bias, we determined admixture coefficients through nine well-tried estimators and their associated software programs (ADMIX95, ADMIX, admix 2.0, LEA, LEADMIX, and Mistura). Results from mtDNA and Y chromosome markers point to an important sex-bias in the admixture event. The original Bantu gene pool received a predominant male-mediated contribution from the Arabian Peninsula and Persia, and a female-mediated contribution from Southeast Asia. Admixture rates estimated from autosomal KIR gene markers point also to an unexpected elevated Austronesian contribution.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"144 4","pages":"653-60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ajpa.21474","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29665428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 43

Middle Pleistocene dental remains from Qesem Cave (Israel). 以色列Qesem洞穴中更新世牙齿残骸。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2011-04-01 Epub Date: 2010-12-23 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21446

Israel Hershkovitz, Patricia Smith, Rachel Sarig, Rolf Quam, Laura Rodríguez, Rebeca García, Juan Luis Arsuaga, Ran Barkai, Avi Gopher

{"title":"Middle Pleistocene dental remains from Qesem Cave (Israel).","authors":"Israel Hershkovitz, Patricia Smith, Rachel Sarig, Rolf Quam, Laura Rodríguez, Rebeca García, Juan Luis Arsuaga, Ran Barkai, Avi Gopher","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.21446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21446","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a description and comparative analysis of Middle Pleistocene permanent and deciduous teeth from the site of Qesem Cave (Israel). All of the human fossils are assigned to the Acheulo-Yabrudian Cultural Complex (AYCC) of the late Lower Paleolithic. The Middle Pleistocene age of the Qesem teeth (400-200 ka) places them chronologically earlier than the bulk of fossil hominin specimens previously known from southwest Asia. Three permanent mandibular teeth (C(1) -P(4) ) were found in close proximity in the lower part of the stratigraphic sequence. The small metric dimensions of the crowns indicate a considerable degree of dental reduction although the roots are long and robust. In contrast, three isolated permanent maxillary teeth (I(2) , C(1) , and M(3) ) and two isolated deciduous teeth that were found within the upper part of the sequence are much larger and show some plesiomorphous traits similar to those of the Skhul/Qafzeh specimens. Although none of the Qesem teeth shows a suite of Neanderthal characters, a few traits may suggest some affinities with members of the Neanderthal evolutionary lineage. However, the balance of the evidence suggests a closer similarity with the Skhul/Qafzeh dental material, although many of these resemblances likely represent plesiomorphous features.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"144 4","pages":"575-92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ajpa.21446","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29740142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 126

Neandertal postcranial remains from the Sima de las Palomas del Cabezo Gordo, Murcia, southeastern Spain. 西班牙东南部穆尔西亚，西马·德·拉斯·帕洛马斯·德尔·卡贝佐·戈多的尼安德特人颅骨残骸。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2011-04-01 Epub Date: 2010-11-29 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21428

Michael J Walker, Jon Ortega, Mariano V López, Klára Parmová, Erik Trinkaus

引用次数: 41

Body mass and stature estimation based on the first metatarsal in humans. 基于人类第一跖骨的体重和身高估计。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2011-04-01 Epub Date: 2011-01-13 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21458

Isabelle De Groote, Louise T Humphrey

{"title":"Body mass and stature estimation based on the first metatarsal in humans.","authors":"Isabelle De Groote, Louise T Humphrey","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.21458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21458","url":null,"abstract":"Archaeological assemblages often lack the complete long bones needed to estimate stature and body mass. The most accurate estimates of body mass and stature are produced using femoral head diameter and femur length. Foot bones including the first metatarsal preserve relatively well in a range of archaeological contexts. In this article we present regression equations using the first metatarsal to estimate femoral head diameter, femoral length, and body mass in a diverse human sample. The skeletal sample comprised 87 individuals (Andamanese, Australasians, Africans, Native Americans, and British). Results show that all first metatarsal measurements correlate moderately to highly (r = 0.62-0.91) with femoral head diameter and length. The proximal articular dorsoplantar diameter is the best single measurement to predict both femoral dimensions. Percent standard errors of the estimate are below 5%. Equations using two metatarsal measurements show a small increase in accuracy. Direct estimations of body mass (calculated from measured femoral head diameter using previously published equations) have an error of just over 7%. No direct stature estimation equations were derived due to the varied linear body proportions represented in the sample. The equations were tested on a sample of 35 individuals from Christ Church Spitalfields. Percentage differences in estimated and measured femoral head diameter and length were less than 1%. This study demonstrates that it is feasible to use the first metatarsal in the estimation of body mass and stature. The equations presented here are particularly useful for assemblages where the long bones are either missing or fragmented, and enable estimation of these fundamental population parameters in poorly preserved assemblages.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"144 4","pages":"625-32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ajpa.21458","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29741695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 37

The shape of things to come? household dependency ratio and adolescent nutritional status in rural and urban Ethiopia. 未来事物的形态?埃塞俄比亚农村和城市家庭抚养比和青少年营养状况。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2011-04-01 Epub Date: 2011-01-06 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21463

Craig Hadley, Tefera Belachew, David Lindstrom, Fasil Tessema

{"title":"The shape of things to come? household dependency ratio and adolescent nutritional status in rural and urban Ethiopia.","authors":"Craig Hadley, Tefera Belachew, David Lindstrom, Fasil Tessema","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.21463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21463","url":null,"abstract":"Several related demographic trends are occurring in developing countries: youth comprise a large portion of populations, fertility rates are declining, and urban dwellers are increasing. As fertility rates decline and populations age, the decline in the ratio of young dependents to working age adults is expected to free up household resources, which can be invested in human capital, including youth nutritional wellbeing. We test this hypothesis in a sample of youth (n = 1,934) in Southwestern Ethiopia. Multiple measures of achieved growth and nutritional status are explored (weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), body mass index (BMI) and body mass index for age z-score (BMIZ), weight for age z-score (WAZ), and height for age z-score (HAZ)). In multivariable models controlling for the effects of income, age, gender, and youth workloads, youth living in rural settings had significantly lower weight (1.24 kg lighter), MUAC (0.67 cm lower), BMI (0.45 BMI lower), BMIZ (0.27 lower), HAZ (0.14 HAZ lower), and WAZ (0.3 WAZ lower) than urban youth (all P < 0.01). Compared with youth in the lowest dependency ratio households, results show that youth in households with the highest dependency ratios were estimated to be 1.3 kg lighter, have 0.67 cm smaller MUAC, and BMI that was 0.59 lower (all P<0.01). Similar results were found for WAZ (0.21 lower) and BMIZ (0.36 lower). Youth height and HAZ were not associated with household dependency. These results may point toward increasing levels of human capital investments in Ethiopian youth as fertility levels decline and populations urbanize.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"144 4","pages":"643-52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ajpa.21463","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29741697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 52

The Narrow Niche hypothesis: gray squirrels shed new light on primate origins. 狭窄生态位假说:灰松鼠为灵长类起源提供了新的线索。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2011-04-01 Epub Date: 2011-01-04 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21450

Joseph D Orkin, Herman Pontzer

{"title":"The Narrow Niche hypothesis: gray squirrels shed new light on primate origins.","authors":"Joseph D Orkin, Herman Pontzer","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.21450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21450","url":null,"abstract":"Current hypotheses for primate origins propose that nails and primate-like grasping hands and feet were important early adaptations for feeding in fine branches. Comparative research in this area has focused on instances of convergence in extant animals, showing that species with primate-like morphology feed predominantly from terminal branches. Little has been done to test whether animals without primate-like morphology engage in similar behavior. We tested the fine-branch niche hypothesis for primate origins by observing branch use in Eastern gray squirrels, Sciurus carolinensis, a species lacking primate grasping adaptations that has been understudied in the context of primate origins. We hypothesized that because gray squirrels lack primate-like grasping adaptations, they would avoid feeding and foraging in terminal branches. Instantaneous focal animal sampling was used to examine the locomotor and postural behaviors used while feeding and foraging. Our results demonstrate habitual and effective usage of terminal branches by gray squirrels while feeding and foraging, primarily on tree seeds (e.g., oak, maple, and elm). Discriminant function analysis indicates that gray squirrels feed and forage like primates, unlike some other tree squirrel species. Given the absence of primate-like features in gray squirrels, we suggest that although selection for fine-branch foraging may be a necessary condition for primate origins, it is not sufficient. We propose an alternative model of primate origins. The Narrow Niche hypothesis suggests that the primate morphological suite evolved not only from selection pressure for fine branch use, but also from a lack of engagement in other activities.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"144 4","pages":"617-24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ajpa.21450","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29741694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 40

Abstracts of the 80th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists. April 11-16, 2011. Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. 第80届美国体质人类学家协会年会摘要。2011年4月11日至16日。明尼阿波利斯，明尼苏达州，美国。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2011-01-01

引用次数: 0

Monitoring nutritional stress with urinary delta N-15 and c/n ratios in captive bonobos 用尿δ n -15和c/n比值监测圈养倭黑猩猩的营养应激

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2010-02-09 DOI: 10.1002/AJPA.21276

T. Deschner, Benjamin T. Fuller, V. M. Oelze, Sylvia Ortmann, Michael P. Richards, Gottfried Hohmann

{"title":"Monitoring nutritional stress with urinary delta N-15 and c/n ratios in captive bonobos","authors":"T. Deschner, Benjamin T. Fuller, V. M. Oelze, Sylvia Ortmann, Michael P. Richards, Gottfried Hohmann","doi":"10.1002/AJPA.21276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AJPA.21276","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last 15 years computed tomography (CT) has become a common way to obtain high resolution three-dimensional images of cranial endocast of hominids. Among the different features that can be seen on such endocasts, of key interest are their shape asymmetries. In particular, protrusions of the frontal and occipital lobes, as well as differences in their width, have been typically observed in modern humans' brains. These have been often hypothesized to be linked to functional specialization, and especially language and handedness. The imprints of these protrusions on the inner surface of the skull are called the petalia. There is a lack of automated, reproducible and objective methods to quantify these protrusions and to assess (for instance) whether they are present in species other than Homo sapiens. We propose a new method for the automated quantification of 3D endocranial shape asymmetries. We mathematically define the symmetry plane of the endocast as the 3D plane which best superposes the \"right\" and \"left\" sides of the endocranial surface. Then, we compute a 3D pointwise deformation field between the two sides of the endocast, allowing to match homologous points, and to assess their relative spatial position. The analysis of this 3D deformation field allows quantifying the shape asymmetries everywhere on the endocast. We illustrate our method on the endocast of Sts 5 (Mrs. Ples, Australopithecus africanus) whose very high resolution CT scan has been segmented using ITK-SNAP. The results suggest an opposite shape asymmetry in the fronto-temporal and occipital regions.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"77 1","pages":"93-93"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2010-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/AJPA.21276","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50792458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Sex differences in anthropoid mandibular canine lateral enamel formation. 类人猿犬齿侧牙釉质形成的性别差异。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21047

Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg, Rebecca J Ferrell, Jennifer Spence, Tiffany Talabere, Amelia Hubbard, Stacey Schmidt

{"title":"Sex differences in anthropoid mandibular canine lateral enamel formation.","authors":"Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg, Rebecca J Ferrell, Jennifer Spence, Tiffany Talabere, Amelia Hubbard, Stacey Schmidt","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.21047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21047","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has demonstrated that great ape and macaque males achieve large canine crown sizes primarily through extended canine growth periods. Recent work has suggested, however, that platyrrhine males may achieve larger canine sizes by accelerating rather than prolonging growth. This study tested the hypothesis that the ontogenetic pathway leading to canine sexual dimorphism in catarrhines differs from that of platyrrhines. To test this hypothesis, males and females of several catarrhine genera (Hylobates, Papio, Macaca, Cercopithecus, and Cercocebus) and three platyrrhine genera (Cebus, Ateles, and Callicebus) were compared in the number and spacing of perikymata (enamel growth increments) on their canine crowns. In addition, perikymata periodicities (the number of days of growth perikymata represent) were determined for five genera (Hylobates, Papio, Macaca, Cebus, and Ateles) using previously published as well as original data gathered for this study. The central findings are as follows: 1) males have more perikymata than females for seven of eight genera (in five of the seven, the differences are statistically significant); 2) in general, the greater the degree of sexual dimorphism, the greater the sex difference in male and female perikymata numbers; 3) there is no evidence of a systematic sex difference in primate periodicities; and 4) there is some evidence that sex differences in enamel formation rates may make a minor contribution to canine sexual dimorphism in Papio and Cercopithecus. These findings strongly suggest that in both catarrhines and platyrrhines prolongation of male canine growth is the primary mechanism by which canine crown sexual dimorphism is achieved.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"140 2","pages":"216-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ajpa.21047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28097445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

Historiography and forensic analysis of the Fort King George "skull": craniometric assessment using the specific population approach. 乔治堡国王“头骨”的史学和法医分析:使用特定人群方法的颅测量学评估。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21067

Christopher M Stojanowski, William N Duncan

{"title":"Historiography and forensic analysis of the Fort King George \"skull\": craniometric assessment using the specific population approach.","authors":"Christopher M Stojanowski, William N Duncan","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.21067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21067","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we evaluate the association between the Fort King George \"skull\" and two Franciscans who were killed during a Guale revolt in 1597 and whose remains were never recovered (Pedro de Corpa and Francisco de Veráscola). The history and historiography of the revolt is summarized to generate a forensic profile for the individuals. The calvaria is described in terms of preservation, taphonomy, possible trauma, age, and sex. Because these factors are consistent with the individuals in question, population affinity is assessed using comparative craniometric analysis. In response to recent criticism of the typological nature of forensic population affinity assessment, we use a population specific approach, as advocated by Alice Brues (1992). Archaeological and historical data inform the occupation history of the site, and data from those specific populations are used in the comparative analysis. Results of linear discriminant function analysis indicate a low probability that the calvaria is a Guale (the precontact inhabitants of southeastern Georgia) or an individual of African descent. Comparison among European and Euro-American populations indicated poor discriminatory resolution; however, the closest match suggests a New World affinity rather than an Old World English, Scottish, or Iberian affinity for the specimen. Future analyses that will provide greater resolution about the identity of the calvaria are outlined. The case highlights the unique challenges of historical forensics cases relative to those of traditional jurisprudence, as well as the potential for using historiography to overcome those challenges in future analyses.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"140 2","pages":"275-89"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ajpa.21067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28190476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6