Family planning perspectives最新文献

{"title":"Don't downplay market for the hormonal injectable.","authors":"M J Minkin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"32 6","pages":"306-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21960918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teenage abortion and pregnancy statistics by state, 1996.","authors":"S. Henshaw, D. Feivelson","doi":"10.2307/2648195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2648195","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT\u0000State-level teenage pregnancy rates, birthrates and abortion rates are needed for state-specific programs and policies. Accurate and complete state-level data were last published in 1992.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Teenage abortion rates according to state of residence, race and ethnicity were calculated from the results of The Alan Guttmacher Institute's survey of abortion providers and from information compiled by state health statistics agencies and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Natality data were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics, and population denominators from the Census Bureau.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000In 1996, some 97 pregnancies, 54 births and 29 abortions occurred per 1,000 U.S. women aged 15-19. At the national level and in virtually all states, these rates have fallen since 1992, yet they remain higher than rates in most other developed countries. The decline in the teenage abortion rate (from 36 per 1,000 in 1992) has been proportionately greater than the drop in the birthrate (from 61 per 1,000), indicating that an increasing proportion of pregnant teenagers are continuing their pregnancies. Pregnancy rates, birthrates and abortion rates vary enormously among the states for reasons that are largely unexplained. Pregnancy rates and birthrates tend to be highest in the South and Southwest, while abortion rates are highest in the most urban states.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Teenage pregnancy is declining in all parts of the country. Although rates have fallen, further progress is possible, as is indicated by the low rates in certain states and in other developed countries. More research is needed to identify the factors influencing the reproductive behavior of adolescents.","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"32 6 1","pages":"272-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2648195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68612346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive Health Services Typically are Not Part of Male Teenagers' Routine Medical Care","authors":"L. Ninger","doi":"10.2307/2648205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2648205","url":null,"abstract":"In a nationally representative sample of 15-19 year olds this study found that adolescent males in the US do not routinely receive reproductive health services such as counseling by a medical professional and testing for HIV or for other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). A total of 1652 adolescents in the sample were identified in the 1995 National Survey of Adolescent Males. The youths completed an interview and questionnaire concerning demographic characteristics and sexual behaviors. Overall 71% were noted to have undergone a physical examination in the past year but only 39% received any reproductive health services. Among those who were sexually active although 71% had undergone a physical only half had received reproductive health services. Moreover the survey revealed that Black teenagers had increased odds of receiving every type of reproductive health services. Based on the findings several recommendations to incorporate reproductive health education into the routine health services of all adolescents both male and female are cited.","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"32 1","pages":"310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2648205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68614146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy and Alcohol: Many Obstetrician-Gynecologists are Unsure about Risks or How to Assess Women's Use","authors":"D. Hollander","doi":"10.2307/2648203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2648203","url":null,"abstract":"In 1998 the American Academy of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) conducted a national survey among a sample of active members of the organization plus the members of an ACOG research network of physicians. The survey asked doctors about their alcohol screening practices their opinions about the level of use that puts women at risk of particular adverse outcomes and their counseling and referral practices for pregnant women who drink moderately or heavily. Of the 604 obstetrician-gynecologists who completed the survey only 30% of the doctors felt very prepared to assess a pregnant womans alcohol use and 83% said that they need information on thresholds at which prenatal drinking poses specific threat to the pregnancy or the fetus. Moreover although the federal government has for 20 years advised pregnant women to refrain from drinking about half of the doctors believed that occasional use of alcohol during pregnancy will not increase the risk of several adverse outcomes. Several suggestions on the issue are cited.","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"32 1","pages":"308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2648203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68613840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of perceived stress, major life events and pregnancy attitudes on low birth weight.","authors":"M. Sable, Deborah Schild Wilkinson","doi":"10.2307/2648197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2648197","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT\u0000While low birth weight is the leading cause of infant mortality and morbidity, the factors influencing low birth weight are not well understood. In particular, the relationship between stressful life events and birth outcomes is unclear. It is important for health care providers to better understand the impact of stress on health outcomes.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Data from a statewide case-control study of 2,378 Missouri mothers are used to examine the relationship of perceived stress, pregnancy attitudes and major life events as psychosocial risk factors on very low birth weight (i.e., birth weight lower than 1,500 g). Such births are contrasted with moderately low birth weight births (those weighing between 1,500 and 2,499 g) and normal-birth-weight infants (those weighing 2,500 g or more). A stepwise logistic regression model is used to control for all study and control variables.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The risk of very low birth weight is one and one-half times greater if the mother perceived that she \"almost always\" felt stress during her pregnancy. The regression model confirms that besides perceived stress, several other factors are independently associated with an increased risk of very low or moderately low birth weight. For example, getting back with a husband or partner or experiencing a major injury accident or illness were associated with an elevated risk of low birth weight (odds ratio, 1. 7), as was pregnancy denial (1.4-1.6) and unhappiness about the pregnancy (1.3). On the other hand, a few factors (taking out a mortgage or loan, having a close relative die and having a mistimed pregnancy) appear to have reduced the odds of low birth weight (odds ratio, 0.5-0.8).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Interventions with pregnant women, especially those assessing perceived stress and attitudes toward the pregnancy, have the potential to improve pregnancy outcomes. Additional prospective research with pregnant women on the origins and effects of stress, including the biological effects of stress, is needed.","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"56 1","pages":"288-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2648197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68612087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral sex among adolescents: is it sex or is it abstinence?","authors":"L Remez","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"32 6","pages":"298-304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21960909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neighborhood Economic Conditions Influence AIDS Incidence in Massachusetts","authors":"D. Hollander","doi":"10.2307/2648208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2648208","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"32 1","pages":"313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2648208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68614288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond marital status: relationship type and duration and the risk of low birth weight.","authors":"S. T. Bird, A. Chandra, T. Bennett, S. Harvey","doi":"10.2307/2648196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2648196","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT\u0000Unmarried women have higher rates of low birth weight than married women. However, assumptions that unmarried women are uniformly at a disadvantage may be unfounded. A woman's relationship characteristics may be more relevant for infant health than her formal marital status.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODOLOGY\u0000Data from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth were used to analyze associations between relationship characteristics and low birth weight among U.S. women aged 15-44 with a recent singleton live birth. Unadjusted odds ratios were generated to indicate the crude effects of independent variables, including relationship type and relationship duration at the time of conception. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to assess the impact of relationship variables on the likelihood of low birth weight, taking into account the effects of other covariates.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000In multivariate models of all women and non-Hispanic black women, relationship type and duration were not associated with low birth weight. However, low birth weight was almost six times as likely among Hispanic women in nonmarital, noncohabiting relationships as among those who were married. Surprisingly, among non-Hispanic white women, low birth weight was less likely among those in nonmarital, noncohabiting relationships than among those who were married. Unexpected associations also were found among low birth weight, race and ethnicity, and relationship duration: Low birth weight was more likely among non-Hispanic white women in relationships of from five to 10 years in length than among those in relationships of longer than 10 years and less likely among Hispanic women in relationships of one year or less than among those in a relationship for more than 10 years.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Although unmarried women in the United States have higher rates of low birth weight than married women, many unmarried women are at no greater risk of low birth weight than their married counterparts. The findings confirm the need to consider the characteristics of relationships when examining the association of mother's \"union status\" and birth outcomes.","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"32 6 1","pages":"281-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2648196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68611982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of Delayed Conception is Sharply Elevated among Obese Women Who Smoke","authors":"D. Hollander","doi":"10.2307/2648209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2648209","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"32 1","pages":"313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2648209","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68613865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond marital status: relationship type and duration and the risk of low birth weight.","authors":"S T Bird,&nbsp;A Chandra,&nbsp;T Bennett,&nbsp;S M Harvey","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Unmarried women have higher rates of low birth weight than married women. However, assumptions that unmarried women are uniformly at a disadvantage may be unfounded. A woman's relationship characteristics may be more relevant for infant health than her formal marital status.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Data from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth were used to analyze associations between relationship characteristics and low birth weight among U.S. women aged 15-44 with a recent singleton live birth. Unadjusted odds ratios were generated to indicate the crude effects of independent variables, including relationship type and relationship duration at the time of conception. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to assess the impact of relationship variables on the likelihood of low birth weight, taking into account the effects of other covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In multivariate models of all women and non-Hispanic black women, relationship type and duration were not associated with low birth weight. However, low birth weight was almost six times as likely among Hispanic women in nonmarital, noncohabiting relationships as among those who were married. Surprisingly, among non-Hispanic white women, low birth weight was less likely among those in nonmarital, noncohabiting relationships than among those who were married. Unexpected associations also were found among low birth weight, race and ethnicity, and relationship duration: Low birth weight was more likely among non-Hispanic white women in relationships of from five to 10 years in length than among those in relationships of longer than 10 years and less likely among Hispanic women in relationships of one year or less than among those in a relationship for more than 10 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although unmarried women in the United States have higher rates of low birth weight than married women, many unmarried women are at no greater risk of low birth weight than their married counterparts. The findings confirm the need to consider the characteristics of relationships when examining the association of mother's \"union status\" and birth outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"32 6","pages":"281-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21960907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}