Family planning perspectives最新文献

{"title":"No sexuality education is sexuality education.","authors":"S Snegroff","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"32 5","pages":"257-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21860725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can the mass media be healthy sex educators?","authors":"J D Brown, S N Keller","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"32 5","pages":"255-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21861901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teenagers educating teenagers about reproductive health and their rights to confidential care.","authors":"K Yanda","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"32 5","pages":"256-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21861902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescents' reports of reproductive health education, 1988 and 1995.","authors":"L. Lindberg, L. Ku, F. Sonenstein","doi":"10.2307/2648175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2648175","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT Reproductive health education is a key strategy for promoting safe sexual behavior among teenagers. In the last decade, new initiatives in response to AIDS and growing interest in abstinence education may have changed the prevalence, content or timing of the reproductive health education provided by schools and parents. METHODS Formal reproductive health education and communication with parents about reproductive health among males aged 15-19 were analyzed using data from the 1988 and 1995 National Surveys of Adolescent Males. Young men's reports of formal instruction were compared with reports by adolescent females from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. RESULTS Between 1988 and 1995, formal reproductive health education became nearly universal among adolescent males: In 1988, 93% of teenage males received some formal instruction, compared with 98% in 1995. The percentage of teenage males who received instruction about AIDS increased from 73% to 97% and the proportion who received instruction about how to say no to sex increased from 58% to 75%. Adolescent males who had dropped out of school received significantly less reproductive health education than those who had stayed in school, however. In addition, the median age at initial instruction decreased from age 14 to 13. Many males did not receive instruction prior to first intercourse, with non-Hispanic blacks being significantly less likely than other males to receive education prior to first intercourse. In 1995, 54% of black males had received reproductive health education before they first had sex, compared with 68% of Hispanic males and 76% of non-Hispanic white males. A smaller share of adolescent males than females received reproductive health education, and males were less likely than females to receive instruction prior to first intercourse. CONCLUSIONS During the last decade, many types of formal reproductive health education for adolescents expanded. Further efforts should focus on assuring access to timely, comprehensive and high-quality reproductive health education for all teenagers and reducing gaps in access related to race, gender and school attendance.","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"32 5 1","pages":"220-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2648175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68610980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conducting adolescent sexuality research in schools: lessons learned.","authors":"Lynn Blinn-Pike, Thomas J. Berger, Melinda Rea-Holloway","doi":"10.2307/2648178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2648178","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Research that analyzes school-based health education programs usually includes the intervention's strategies, the instrument used to gauge its effectiveness, the sample sizes, and results. Issues related to recruiting and retaining of participants are rarely studied. Using school-based personnel as allies has been suggested in previous studies, but no studies have reported the outcome of this strategy when the research involves the topic of sexuality education. In this paper, the authors describe their experience using such a strategy in a longitudinal evaluation of Reducing the Risk curriculum, using 1141 adolescents within the 12 intervention schools in Maine in order to explore its impact on adolescent attitudes and behavior. The evaluation explored the supports and barriers to adopting curricula, the extent to which teachers implemented them and the types of modifications they made. Overall, the authors concluded that modifying a curriculum during implementation can reduce its effectiveness.\u0000","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"32 5 1","pages":"246-51, 265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2648178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68611258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teenagers educating teenagers about reproductive health and their rights to confidential care.","authors":"K. Yanda","doi":"10.2307/2648181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2648181","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper focuses on the efforts of the Teen Health Initiative (THI) to meet the needs of teenagers for an accurate understanding of their rights to health care in New York. In particular, THI makes the state's laws understandable and explains the legal rights of minors to health care. In addition to the extensive training for professionals who work with adolescents, THI runs a peer education program. The program provides teenagers the opportunity to discuss their rights to confidential health care and gives them the tools to present that information to other adolescents around the state. An important aspect of the THI program is that it focuses on teenagers educating teenagers. Its workshop covers areas of health care to which minors can give informed consent and that they can receive confidentiality such as mental health care, drug and alcohol counseling, as well as areas of reproductive health such as birth control, pregnancy testing, prenatal care and counseling, testing and treatment for sexually transmitted diseases, HIV/AIDS testing and treatment, and abortion. The group believes that, when fully educated and treated respectfully, most teenagers are willing and able to make responsible choices about their health and their lives.\u0000","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"41 1","pages":"256-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2648181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68611803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexuality education: our current status, and an agenda for 2010.","authors":"Sue Wilson","doi":"10.2307/2648179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2648179","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Three articles are presented that record changes in American public schools sexuality education during the last decade of the 20th century. These articles include \"Adolescent Views,\" which reports major shifts in the prevalence and content of school-based reproductive health education over 1988-95. Instruction is focused on HIV/AIDS prevention, contraceptive education, how to say no to sex, and condoms. In \"Changing Emphases,\" teachers of grades 7-12 testify to a marked shift from a more balanced treatment of abstinence and protection in 1988 to a heavier reliance on abstinence in 1999. The last article, \"Grades 5-6,\" shows that sexuality education is much less common at these grade levels than in grades 7-12. Where programs exist, they mainly cover such topics as puberty, HIV/AIDS, sexuality, sexually transmitted diseases, sexual abuse, and abstinence, while the discussion of contraceptive methods is relatively rare. Views presented in these articles will help formulate research and advocacy agendas for 2010.\u0000","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"32 5 1","pages":"252-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2648179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68611570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexuality education in fifth and sixth grades in U.S. public schools, 1999.","authors":"D J Landry,&nbsp;S Singh,&nbsp;J E Darroch","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>While policymakers, educators and parents recognize the need for family life and sexuality education during children's formative years and before adolescence, there is little nationally representative information on the timing and content of such instruction in elementary schools.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 1999, data were gathered from 1, 789 fifth- and sixth-grade teachers as part of a nationally representative survey of 5,543 public school teachers in grades 5-12. Based on the responses of 617 fifth- and sixth-grade teachers who said they teach sexuality education, analyses were carried out on the topics and skills sexuality education teachers taught, the grades in which they taught them, their teaching approaches, the pressures they experienced, whether they received support from parents, the community and school administrators, and their needs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-two percent of fifth- and sixth-grade teachers report that sexuality education is taught in their schools at one or both grades. Fifty-six percent of teachers say that the subject is taught in grade five and 64% in grade six. More than 75% of teachers who teach sexuality education in these grades cover puberty, HIV and AIDS transmission and issues such as how alcohol and drugs affect behavior and how to stick with a decision. However, when schools that do not provide sexuality education are taken into account, even most of these topics are taught in only a little more than half of fifth- and sixth-grade classrooms. All other topics are much less likely to be covered. Teaching of all topics is less prevalent at these grades than teachers think it should be. Gaps between what teachers say they are teaching and teachers' recommendations for what should be taught and by what grade are especially large for such topics as sexual abuse, sexual orientation, abortion, birth control and condom use for STD prevention. A substantial proportion of teachers recommend that these topics be taught at grade six or earlier. More than half (57%) of fifth- and sixth-grade sexuality education teachers cover the topic of abstinence from intercourse--17% as the only option for protection against pregnancy and STDs and 40% as the best alternative or one option for such protection. Forty-six percent of teachers report that one of their top three problems in teaching sexuality education is pressure, whether from the community, parents or school administrators. More than 40% of teachers report a need for some type of assistance with materials, factual information or teaching strategies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A large proportion of schools are doing little to prepare students in grades five and six for puberty, much less for dealing with pressures and decisions regarding sexual activity Sexuality education teachers often feel unsupported by the community, parents or school administrators.</p>","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"32 5","pages":"212-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21860218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using randomized designs to evaluate client-centered programs to prevent adolescent pregnancy.","authors":"D McBride,&nbsp;A Gienapp","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Interventions to prevent adolescent pregnancy (primarily curriculum-based programs) have not produced convincing evidence as to their success. Moreover, many evaluation approaches have been inadequate to assess program effectiveness. Therefore, rigorous evaluation of different kinds of interventions may help identify potentially effective strategies to prevent adolescent pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An experimental design, in which clients were randomized to treatment and control groups, was used to evaluate the effects of a \"client-centered\" approach to reducing pregnancy among high-risk young people in seven communities in Washington State. Four projects served 1,042 youth (clients aged 9-13), and three served 690 teenagers (primarily clients aged 14-17). Projects offered a wide variety of services tailored to individual clients' needs, including counseling, mentoring and advocacy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On average, clients in the treatment group at youth sites received 14 hours of service, and their teenage counterparts received 27 hours; controls received only 2-5 hours of service. At one youth site, clients were less likely to intend to have intercourse after the intervention than before; at another, they became less likely to intend to use substances. Clients at one teenage project reported reduced sexual behavior and improved contraceptive use after receiving services; teenagers at another site reported reduced sexual intentions and drug use, and a greater intention to use contraceptives. The programs showed no other effects on factors that place young people at risk of becoming pregnant, including their sexual values and educational aspirations, communication with their parents (measured at youth sites only), and sexual and contraceptive behavior (assessed for teenagers only).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High-risk clients likely need considerably more intervention time and more intensive services than programs normally provide. Rigorous evaluation designs allow continued assessment that can guide program modifications to maximize effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"32 5","pages":"227-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21860219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"U.S. births rise for first time in eight years; births to teenagers still falling.","authors":"B. Brown","doi":"10.2307/2648188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2648188","url":null,"abstract":"According to a report of the National Center for Health Statistics the number of births in the US in 1998 had risen by 2% since 1997. Data showed that the number of births had climbed to 3941553 in 1998 and the fertility rate had risen 1% in 1998 to 65.6 births per 1000 women aged 15-44 after an 8% decrease during 1990-97. Unlike other age groups women in their 30s reached the highest recorded level in 3 decades. In contrast the teenage birth rate continued its 7-year decline decreasing by 2% to 51.1 births per 1000 women aged 15-19; the rate among 15-17 year olds reached a record low. Finally while overall rates of preterm birth and low birth weight showed a slight increase in 1998 the proportion of women receiving prenatal care in the first trimester had increased 10% since 1989.","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"32 1","pages":"263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2648188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68612008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}