Family planning perspectives最新文献

{"title":"Prenatal HIV services conundrum.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"32 6","pages":"267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21961652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are U.S. women interested in long-acting methods?","authors":"K Elliott","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"32 6","pages":"306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21960915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experts Say Japan's Medical Delivery System is Partly to Blame for High Level of Maternal Mortality There","authors":"D. Hollander","doi":"10.2307/2648204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2648204","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"32 1","pages":"309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2648204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68613399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are U.S. women interested in long-acting methods?","authors":"K. Elliott","doi":"10.2307/2648201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2648201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"32 6 1","pages":"306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2648201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68613714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abortion training in U.S. obstetrics and gynecology residency programs, 1998.","authors":"R Almeling,&nbsp;L Tews,&nbsp;S Dudley","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Since the late 1970s, the number of obstetrics and gynecology residency programs providing abortion training in the United States has steadily decreased. Given the documented shortage of abortion providers, assessing and ensuring the availability of abortion training in graduate medical education is critical.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 1998, the National Abortion Federation surveyed the 261 accredited U.S. residency programs in obstetrics and gynecology, and analyzed the availability of first- and second-trimester abortion training.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 179 programs that responded to the survey, 81% reported that they offer first-trimester abortion training--46% routinely and 34% as an elective. Seventy-four percent of programs offer second-trimester training--44% routinely and 29% as an elective. Some programs that do not offer training give residents the option of obtaining it elsewhere. While 26% of programs indicated that all residents in their programs receive abortion training, 40% said that fewer than half are trained, including 14% that train no residents. The operating room is the most common training site: Fifty-nine percent of programs reported that abortion training takes place in the operating room.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>After a decades-long decline in the availability of abortion training, opportunities for abortion training have increased. However, there is reason to be cautious in interpreting these results, including possible response bias and pressure to report the availability of abortion training because of new guidelines from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.</p>","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"32 6","pages":"268-71, 320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21961653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teenage abortion and pregnancy statistics by state, 1996.","authors":"S K Henshaw,&nbsp;D J Feivelson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>State-level teenage pregnancy rates, birthrates and abortion rates are needed for state-specific programs and policies. Accurate and complete state-level data were last published in 1992.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Teenage abortion rates according to state of residence, race and ethnicity were calculated from the results of The Alan Guttmacher Institute's survey of abortion providers and from information compiled by state health statistics agencies and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Natality data were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics, and population denominators from the Census Bureau.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 1996, some 97 pregnancies, 54 births and 29 abortions occurred per 1,000 U.S. women aged 15-19. At the national level and in virtually all states, these rates have fallen since 1992, yet they remain higher than rates in most other developed countries. The decline in the teenage abortion rate (from 36 per 1,000 in 1992) has been proportionately greater than the drop in the birthrate (from 61 per 1,000), indicating that an increasing proportion of pregnant teenagers are continuing their pregnancies. Pregnancy rates, birthrates and abortion rates vary enormously among the states for reasons that are largely unexplained. Pregnancy rates and birthrates tend to be highest in the South and Southwest, while abortion rates are highest in the most urban states.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Teenage pregnancy is declining in all parts of the country. Although rates have fallen, further progress is possible, as is indicated by the low rates in certain states and in other developed countries. More research is needed to identify the factors influencing the reproductive behavior of adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"32 6","pages":"272-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21961654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterosexual genital sexual activity among adolescent males: 1988 and 1995.","authors":"Gary J. Gates, F. Sonenstein","doi":"10.2307/2648198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2648198","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT\u0000Researchers have paid little attention to adolescents' experience with genital sexual activity other than vaginal intercourse, even though oral and anal intercourse expose youth to the risk of sexually transmitted diseases.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Males aged 15-19 interviewed in 1988 and 1995 as part of the National Survey of Adolescent Males were asked questions about whether they had ever engaged in a series of genital sexual activities. These data were collected in a self-administered questionnaire that respondents completed at the end of the interview.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000In 1995, 55% of males aged 15-19 reported that they had ever engaged in vaginal intercourse, 53% that they had ever been masturbated by a female, 49% that they had ever received oral sex, 39% that they had ever given oral sex and 11% that they had ever engaged in anal sex. More than three-quarters of males who had had vaginal intercourse reported experience with masturbation or oral sex by a female. Moreover, one in five males who had never had vaginal intercourse reported having been masturbated by a female, and one in seven said they had received oral sex. Between 1988 and 1995, the proportion of males who reported having ever been masturbated by a female increased significantly, from 40% to 53%. There were less sizable shifts in the proportions who had received oral sex: Overall proportions were similar in both years, although levels more than doubled among black teenagers, an increase that brings them in line with levels of oral sex reported by white and Hispanic adolescent males in 1995.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Evidence from the National Survey of Adolescent Males showing that a substantial share of male teenagers engage in genital sexual activity beyond vaginal sexual intercourse underlines the importance of monitoring a broad spectrum of sexual behaviors among teenagers. More detailed data with larger samples of both males and females are needed to determine the frequency and timing of these behaviors. Measuring risk for STD infections among teenagers requires attention to all forms of genital sexual activity.","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"138 1","pages":"295-7, 304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2648198","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68612633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral sex among adolescents: is it sex or is it abstinence?","authors":"L. Remez","doi":"10.2307/2648199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2648199","url":null,"abstract":"According to accumulated data from nationally representative surveys on levels of adolescent sexual activity it has become increasingly clear that adolescents sexual activities have gone beyond vaginal intercourse and comprises noncoital behavior. Drawing on interviews and correspondence with roughly two dozen adolescents and health professionals this report explores the consequences of adolescents sexual activities focusing on oral sex as opposed to other noncoital behaviors. It also reviews the limited information on adolescents experiences with oral sex and looks at the even smaller body of evidence on what young people consider to be sex or abstinence. Moreover implications of this report for the framing of research and evaluation efforts for sexuality and abstinence education and for clinical care of sexually transmitted diseases are given.","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"32 6 1","pages":"298-304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2648199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68612722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nix to nonoxynol-9 to prevent HIV.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"32 6","pages":"266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21961651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low- and high-dose pills are equally protective against ovarian cancer.","authors":"L. Ninger","doi":"10.2307/2648206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2648206","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses two separate population-based case-control studies on the protective function of low- and high-dose oral contraceptives (OCs) against ovarian cancer. Overall the ovarian cancer study found that women who have ever used the common types of OCs which contain low doses of estrogen and progestin are 50% less likely than never-users of the pill to develop ovarian cancer. In addition it was found that this level of protection is identical to that afforded by older OCs with higher hormone doses. These findings suggest that the ability of the OCs to prevent ovarian cancer has been unaffected by changes made in the pill formulations to make the method safer. Similarly evidence from the benign ovarian tumor study suggests that ever-use of OCs reduces the odds of non-cancerous ovarian tumors by 20% and the decrease in risk is independent of estrogen dose. In both studies the magnitude of protection increased with longer durations of pill use.","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"32 1","pages":"311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2648206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68614224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}