CRC critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences最新文献_第4页

CRC critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences Pub Date : 1978-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408367809150920

H E Solberg

{"title":"Discriminant analysis.","authors":"H E Solberg","doi":"10.3109/10408367809150920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10408367809150920","url":null,"abstract":"Discriminant analysis (DA) is a pattern recognition technique that has been widely applied in medical studies. It allows multivariate observations (\"patterns\" or points in multidimensional space) to be allocated to previously defined groups (diagnostic categories). The relationships between DA and other multivariate statistical techniques of interest in medical studies will be briefly discussed. The main emphasis is on linear discriminant functions (LDF). The theoretic assumptions underlying DA using LDFs will be presented, and the effect of violations to these assumptions will be reviewed in detail. Alternative methods will be presented when violations cause serious problems. It has been shown that the familiar LDF is fairly robust to departures from the assumptions. The application of the LDF in less than ideal situations therefore often does not cause much harm (if the violations are not too grotesque). Another set of problems reviewed is how to estimate the misallocation probabilities when using discriminant functions. The selection of the \"best\" subset of variables out of the complete set will be discussed. Practical guide lines are given based on the theoretic studies reviewed. When possible, available computer programs for various problems of DA will be indicated. The review does not aim at covering all medical studies where DA has been applied, since emphasis is on the practical conclusions of the theory of DA.","PeriodicalId":75746,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences","volume":"9 3","pages":"209-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10408367809150920","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11608821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Serum ferritin assay. 血清铁蛋白测定。

CRC critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences Pub Date : 1978-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408367809150919

C P Alfrey

引用次数: 36

Alteration of human serum ribonuclease activity in malignancy. 人血清核糖核酸酶活性在恶性肿瘤中的改变。

CRC critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences Pub Date : 1978-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408367909149733

D Maor, M R Mardiney

{"title":"Alteration of human serum ribonuclease activity in malignancy.","authors":"D Maor, M R Mardiney","doi":"10.3109/10408367909149733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10408367909149733","url":null,"abstract":"A review of the literature and current biochemical studies is presented which provides significant evidence of alteration in the level of the enzyme ribonuclease activity in cancer. Current studies reveal that 80% of all cancer patients have alteration in ribonuclease activity and that individuals known to be at high risk for the development of cancer also demonstrate significant alteration of ribonuclease activity. It is noted that while elevation of serum ribonuclease exists within the cancer state and appears to be independent of clinical status (relapse, remission, or cured), diminished activity is found within the tumor itself. Animal models are reviewed which demonstrate that ribonuclease activity becomes elevated in the murine species subsequent to the transplantation of tumor and following the infection of the host with oncogenic virus. The occurrence of elevated ribonuclease activity in high tumor incidence strain mice long before the development of overt tumor is alos discussed. To date it is not possible to assign a specific function to the changes in the level of ribonuclease in connection with the cancer state. However, evidence indicating that tumor chemotherapy is generally associated with early elevation of ribonuclease activity within the tumor cell suggests that increased ribonuclease activity may play a role in the process by which the host restricts neoplastic transformation. The potential of this enzyme as a biochemical marker in cancer is discussed.","PeriodicalId":75746,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"89-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10408367909149733","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11953159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

The microbiology of paranasal sinus infections: diagnosis and management. 副鼻窦感染的微生物学:诊断和处理。

CRC critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences Pub Date : 1978-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408367809150917

D H Rice

{"title":"The microbiology of paranasal sinus infections: diagnosis and management.","authors":"D H Rice","doi":"10.3109/10408367809150917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10408367809150917","url":null,"abstract":"Study of the bacteriology of sinusitis and its diagnosis and treatment has been difficult. One problem is the anatomy of the paranasal sinuses; all communicate with a bacteriologically contaminated cavity. Access to all but the frontal sinus involves traversing either the nasal or oral cavity, both of which are teeming with aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The criteria used to establish the diagnosis of sinusitis has varied widely. There are a number of examination techniques available, but none are foolproof. Therefore, patient populations may not be comparable. The absolute elimination of the possibility of contamination of culture specimens is impossible. Investigators have taken cultures in several ways: of the purulent secretions within the nose, of the contents lavaged from the sinus into the nose, of material aspirated from the sinus, and of tissue removed from the sinus. In most studies prior to 1974, anaerobic cultures were not performed. Studies of various treatment programs have used differing criteria to monitor the progress of treatment. No single method is completely reliable. Clinical signs and symptoms, radiologic appearance, the results of irrigation, and thermography have been used to follow patients. Many studies have used multiple therapeutic maneuvers concurrently, for example, antibiotics, lavage, and a decongestant. In some there were no controls. Because of these problems, as is true in many clinical areas of investigation, meaningful comparisons of various studies are difficult. Despite this, there are some areas of consensus in the literature.","PeriodicalId":75746,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences","volume":"9 2","pages":"105-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10408367809150917","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11608817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Clinical enzymology in cancer. 癌症的临床酶学。

CRC critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences Pub Date : 1978-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408367809150916

S F Markel

引用次数: 0

Enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique: a review. 酶倍增免疫测定技术综述。

CRC critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences Pub Date : 1978-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408367809150923

E G Curtis, J A Patel

引用次数: 13

Newer aspects of pernicious anemia. 恶性贫血的新方面。

CRC critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences Pub Date : 1978-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408367809150914

L Kass

{"title":"Newer aspects of pernicious anemia.","authors":"L Kass","doi":"10.3109/10408367809150914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10408367809150914","url":null,"abstract":"Although readily treatable with vitamin B12, pernicious anemia continues to captivate investigative endeavors of those interested in the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of this disorder. Notable advances have been made in understanding properties of intrinsic factor, vitamin B12-binding proteins, structure and de novo synthesis of vitamin B12, mechanism of action of vitamin B12-dependent enzymes in man, and metabolic consequences of reduced activities of these enzymes in pernicious anemia. Similarly, newer morphological observations have given information regarding pathogenesis of some of the cytological abnormalities found in megaloblasts, and recent cytochemical studies have shed light on abnormalities of nuclear and cytoplasmic constituents in vitamin B12-deficient cells. Both cellular and humoral factors may contribute to immune-mediated processes in pernicious anemia, although as yet, it has not been established with certainty that pernicious anemia is an autoimmune disorder. As we look ahead, it will be important to define the process or processes responsible for atrophic gastritis, which is the pathophysiological basis of pernicious anemia. Likewise, advances in biophysics used in the study of cell membranes, cell surface phenomena, and metallic ion transport may find applicability in the study of pernicious anemia and perhaps provide further insights into metabolic abnormalities responsible for the development of megaloblastosis.","PeriodicalId":75746,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10408367809150914","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11607900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Current considerations in digoxin usage. 地高辛使用的当前考虑。

CRC critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences Pub Date : 1978-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408367809150924

W Shapiro

引用次数: 1

Methods for detection of hemoglobin variants and hemoglobinopathies in the routine clinical laboratory. 临床常规实验室血红蛋白变异和血红蛋白病的检测方法。

CRC critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences Pub Date : 1978-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408367809150921

R G Schneider

引用次数: 53

The value of the amylase/creatinine clearance ratio in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. 淀粉酶/肌酐清除率在急性胰腺炎诊断中的价值。

CRC critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences Pub Date : 1978-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408367809150926

A R Solomon

引用次数: 4