{"title":"Detection of extracellular action potentials in noise for the control of microelectrode advancement","authors":"Robert P Scobey","doi":"10.1016/0010-468X(83)90020-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0010-468X(83)90020-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A digital computer was programmed to detect impulses in the presence of noise, rather than identify or classify impulse activity from microelectrodes. The analog signal was abstracted into a sequential series of voltage time vectors that measured peak-to-peak activity. The amplitude and time difference between a peak-positive potential and the next peak-negative potential defined one vector. The amplitude and time difference between that negative peak and the next positive peak defined the next vector, and so on. An algorithm determined if each successive vector was part of a signal pattern by comparing the properties of the vector to those in a stored list. The algorithm was designed for future application with minimum computer systems and multiple-tip microelectrodes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75731,"journal":{"name":"Computer programs in biomedicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"Pages 3-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0010-468X(83)90020-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17743547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An interactive data base system for assessing and managing outpatient experiences in residency training","authors":"T.G Quattlebaum","doi":"10.1016/0010-468X(83)90036-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0010-468X(83)90036-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A computerized system is described for assessing and managing a residency program's outpatient experience for its residents. The utilization of MUMPS hierarchical files allows rapid interactive searches, making this system an effective tool for its intended uses. The rationale behind the design of the data files and searches and the usefulness of the data in residency training are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75731,"journal":{"name":"Computer programs in biomedicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"Pages 157-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0010-468X(83)90036-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17743696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A computer program for the statistical analysis of disease prevalence data from survival/sacrifice experiments","authors":"Toby J Mitchell , Bruce W Turnbull","doi":"10.1016/0010-468X(83)90025-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0010-468X(83)90025-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a computer program for analyzing disease prevalence data from animal survival experiments in which there may also be some serial sacrifice. The method has been described in Biometrics 35 (1979) 221–234. The user is interrogated about the details of particular models he wishes to fit. Then a generalized EM algorithm is used to compute maximum likelihood estimates of various quantities of interest concerning the effects of treatment, time and presence of other diseases on the prevalences and lethalities of specific diseases of interest.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75731,"journal":{"name":"Computer programs in biomedicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"Pages 45-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0010-468X(83)90025-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17743549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Computer simulation of rapidly responding forced exponential systems","authors":"Wasyl Malyj Jr, R.El Smith, G Nakayama","doi":"10.1016/0010-468X(83)90024-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0010-468X(83)90024-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two common problems in computer simulations are the decisions to ignore or include a particular element of a system under study in a model and the choice of an appropriate integration algorithm. To examine aspects of these problems, a simple exponential system is considered in which a large simulation error is induced by a rather small truncation error. The effect of computational precision, step size and hardware selection on this error is examined at standard and extended precisions over a range of step sizes and on a variety of computers. For this model, simulation accuracy is an exponential function of the number of bits in the mantissa of the computer word. Optimal step size is a function of accuracy required and precision used; a trade-off between truncation and round-off errors becomes important as accuracy requirements increase. Machine selection is important primarily in economic terms if the required precision is available. We conclude that the effect on a simulation of small terms such as truncation errors can be unexpectedly large, that solutions should always be checked, and that high precision and wide dynamic range are important to the successful computer simulation of models such as that examined.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75731,"journal":{"name":"Computer programs in biomedicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"Pages 35-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0010-468X(83)90024-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17744947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The randomization test applied to flow cytometric histograms","authors":"Reinhold C Mann, Russell E Hand Jr","doi":"10.1016/0010-468X(83)90029-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0010-468X(83)90029-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The randomization test is used to test the hypothesis that two groups of flow cytometric histograms consist of samples from the same probability density function. The hypothesis is tested channel-by-channel. This non-parametric method does not require any assumptions as to the probability density functions involved and is therefore applicable to histograms from many different biological systems. Moreover, it allows for very few histograms per group so that the hypothesis can be tested on the basis of a small number of experiments. The procedure is implemented in PASCAL on a mini computer which is connected to a flow cytometer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75731,"journal":{"name":"Computer programs in biomedicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"Pages 95-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0010-468X(83)90029-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17744949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generator program for computer-assisted instruction: MACGEN","authors":"M.J Utsch , D Ingram","doi":"10.1016/0010-468X(83)90037-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0010-468X(83)90037-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This publication describes MACGEN, an interactive development tool to assist teachers to create, modify and extend case simulations, tutorial exercises and multiple-choice question tests designed for computer-aided instruction. The menu-driven software provides full authoring facilities for text files in MACAID format by means of interactive editing. Authors are prompted for items which they might want to change whereas all user-independent items are provided automatically. Optional default values and explanatory messages are available with every prompt. Errors are corrected automatically or commented upon. Thus the program eliminates the need to familiarize with a new language or details of the text file structure. The options for modification of existing text files include display, renumbering of frames and a line-oriented editor. The resulting text files can be interpreted by the MACAID driver without further changes. The text file is held as ASCII records and as such is also accessible with many standard word-processing systems if desired.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75731,"journal":{"name":"Computer programs in biomedicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"Pages 167-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0010-468X(83)90037-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17424142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A practical computer-based approach to the analysis of radioligand binding experiments","authors":"G.A McPherson","doi":"10.1016/0010-468X(83)90031-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0010-468X(83)90031-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>EBDA is a computer program designed to process raw data (dpm) obtained from radioligand binding experiments into a form suitable for use by a non-linear curve fitting program. Processing of the data is facilitated by graphical representation in the form of Scatchard and Hill plots for saturation data, and competition curves and Hofstee plots for drug displacement studies. Preliminary estimates of binding constants required by a non-linear curve fitting program can also be obtained.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75731,"journal":{"name":"Computer programs in biomedicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"Pages 107-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0010-468X(83)90031-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17380361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Controlling behavioral experiments with a new programming language (SORCA) for microcomputer systems","authors":"H.B Brinkhus, H Klinkenborg, R Estorf, R Weber","doi":"10.1016/0010-468X(83)90034-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0010-468X(83)90034-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A new programming language SORCA has been defined and a compiler has been written for Z80-based microcomputer systems with CP/M operating system. The language was developed to control behavioral experiments by external stimuli and by time schedule in real-time. Eight binary hardware input lines are sampled cyclically by the computer and can be used to sense switches, level detectors and other binary information, while 8 binary hardware output lines, that are cyclically updated, can be used to control relays, lamps, generate tones or for other purposes. The typical reaction time (cycle time) of a SORCA-program is 500 μs to 1 ms. All functions can be programmed as often as necessary. Included are the basic logic functions, counters, timers, majority gates and other complex functions. Parameters can be given as constants or as a result of a step function or of a random process (with Gaussian or equal distribution). Several tasks can be performed simultaneously. In addition, results of an experiment (e.g., number of reactions or latencies) can be measured and printed out on request or automatically. The language is easy to learn and can also be used for many other control purposes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75731,"journal":{"name":"Computer programs in biomedicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"Pages 137-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0010-468X(83)90034-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17743693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Letter to the editors","authors":"Lesley P.L Struthers","doi":"10.1016/0010-468X(83)90040-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0010-468X(83)90040-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75731,"journal":{"name":"Computer programs in biomedicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"Page 191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0010-468X(83)90040-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17743699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determination of the hyperparameters of a prior probability model in survival analysis","authors":"Robert Birch , Alfred A Bartolucci","doi":"10.1016/0010-468X(83)90028-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0010-468X(83)90028-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper outlines the mathematical theory required for eliciting the hyperparameters of a subjective conjugate distribution for the exponential survival model with censoring. The technique involves the quantification of expert knowledge based on determination by the expert of expected fractiles of a survival distribution in a particular clinical trial setting. Once the prior predictive distribution is determined and the fractiles elicited one can proceed, using iterative techniques, to solve for the hyperparameters. The restrictions and constraints of the hyperparameters as well as the fractiles are studied. The theory is then applied in a clinical trial setting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75731,"journal":{"name":"Computer programs in biomedicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"Pages 89-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0010-468X(83)90028-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17423189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}